初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.

按句子成分划分,此句为:

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.

(主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语)

按意群划分,此句为:

The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.

一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法

(一)、主语

主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。

主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。

1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语)

2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语)

3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语)

4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语)

5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语)

6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.

(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)

请指出下列句中主语的中心词。

1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.

2. There is a bird flying in the sky.

3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help.

(二)、谓语

在明确了主语后,我们再来说谓语。谓语是用来回答、说明、解释主语“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”等的部分。英语句子中,除少数情况外,谓语必须是动词。而且,除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语的位置相对来说是固定的,它总是位于主语的后面。

1. His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)

2. We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)

3. We have finished reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

4. He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

请选出下列句中谓语的中心词。

1. I don't like the picture on the wall.

2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

3. Do you usually go to school by bus?

4. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

5. What I want to tell you is this.

(三)、宾语

从语法角度说,及物动词后面要接宾语(介词后也有宾语) 。从意义上来说,宾语是动作的对象、目标。

宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。

1. We often help him. (代词作宾语)

2. He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语)

3. We enjoy listening to the music. (动名词短语作宾语)

4. She said that she felt sick. (从句做宾语)

The sun gives us light and warmth. (us为间接宾语,light and warmth为直接宾语)

1、间接宾语多指人,直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有:bring, give, show, send,

pass, tell 等。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

2、如果强调直接宾语,可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加介词“to”或“for”。

接to的动词有:give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。

Give your mother the letter.=Give the letter to your mother.

直接宾语间接宾语

接for的动词有:buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。

Can you find me my bag? =Can you find my bag for me?

直接宾语间接宾语

这正是:人前物后看清楚,换位要加for或to。

请挑出下列句中的宾语。

1. My brother hasn't done his homework.

2. People all over the world speak English.

3. How many new words did you learn last class?

4. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

5. You will find it useful after you leave school.

请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。

1. Please tell us a story.

2. My father bought a new computer for me last week.

3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.

4. Could you please pass the pen to Tom?

5. Did he leave any message for me?

(四)、宾语补足语

现在一般认为,宾语补足语是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语主要与英语及物动词有关。这个问题我想分两点来说明。

1、英语中有些及物动词,不但会涉及到一个对象(宾语),还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。例如:

We call him Little Tom. (称呼的对象是him, 称呼的结果是Little Tom. Little Tom 就是宾语补足语。)

They made her happy. (make 使her怎么样了?happy 作进一步的补充说明,那么happy 是补语。)

I find smoking bad for health. (find 的对象是smoking, 结论是bad for health.)

这一类带宾语补足语的动词有:(1) (把…看成…) regard, see;(2) (把…当成…) treat, take;

(3) (把…认为是…) consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge ;(4) (把…描述为…) describe, use, show, organize, express 等。

2、英语中表示看、听之类的动词,不仅看到一个人(宾语),还会看到他在做什么事。宾语所做的事也是宾语补足语。例如:

I saw a bird in a cage. (看到小鸟在笼子里,“在笼子里”是宾语补足语。)

We heard her singing a song. (听到她在唱歌,“在唱歌”是宾语补足语。)

这一类带宾语补足语动词有:see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe 等。

请找出下列句中的宾语补足语。

1. He asked her to take the boy to the doctor’s.

2. She found it difficult to finish the work today.

3. We call her Lily sometimes.

4. I saw Jerry get on the bus.

5. Did you hear anyone crying outside the door just now?

补充说明:

I'm going to paint it pink.

句子中的it显然是宾语。但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作。

句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。

比如:

I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)

I saw the kite up and down. (up and down是副词做宾补)

Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)

*常跟复合宾语的动词有:call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任

命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard, see, recognize,treat, take,consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce, employ(雇佣), use, show, organize, express

(五)、表语

英语有一类动词叫系动词。系动词是侧重于表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,它没有明显的外观的动作形式,例如:be (am/is/are)(是), get(变得), sound(听起来), look, seem(看起来),

feel(感到)等等。与系动词连用的部分叫“系表结构”,“表”就是“表语”的意思。注意:系表结构合起来共同组成谓语,来说明主语的状态、性质等。例如:

I am a teacher. (系动词am + 表语a teacher)

They are on the playground now. (系动词are + 表语on the playground.)

It sounds interesting. (sound为系动词,interesting为表语)

请划出下列句中的表语。

1. The leaves have turned yellow.

2. She was the first to learn about it.

3. The old man is feeling better now.

4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son?

5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club.

(六)、定语

定语是修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的状态、性质、数量等的词。请记住:定语最关键的一点是,定语是用来修饰、限定人和事物(即名词)特点的成分。动词不可能有定语,形容词也没有。一般情况下,定语可以是一个词,也可能是几个词或一个词组,也可能是一个从句(定语从句)。例如:

The black bike is mine. (单个的词作定语)

The office is ten minutes’ walk from here. (词组作定语)

This is a book which tells about rocket technology. (从句作定语)

英语中定语的位置可以在名词前面,也可以在名词后面,特别是放在名词后面的定语,与中文习惯不同,同学们要注意分辨清楚。

He works in a shoe factory.

This is my book, not your book.

Is there anything important in today’s newspaper?

The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the beach.

请划出下列句中的定语。

1. What is your family name?

2. The boy in blue is Tom.

3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

4. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

5. There are five boys who will play the game.

(七)、状语

上面说了,定语是说明名词特点、性质的,而状语则是说明动词如何如何的,例如:动作在什么时间发生,什么地点发生,什么条件下发生,为什么目的发生,等等。状语的核心是:状语是修饰动词的,只有动词才有状语。

一般来说,状语的位置比较灵活,它可以放在句子的任何位置,可以放在句首、句中或者句末,而不一定是紧跟在动词的前后位置。我们在翻译的时候,要视具体情况而定。同样,状语可以是一个单词,也可以是几个单词或词组,也可以是一个状语从句。例如:

We often help him. (often 副词,位置在help 前面。)

I really don't like the food. (也可以说:I don't like the food really. ) (注意状语really 的位置。)

He did his homework carefully at home. (carefully 副词;at home 是词组,位置都在did 后面。)

When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. (when从句是时间状语,在句首;to be...是目的状语。)

请划出下列句中的状语。

1. There was a big smile on her face.

2. Every night he practices playing the piano.

3. We must work hard to pass the exam.

4. She loves the library because she loves books.

5. He began to learn English when he was eleven.

利用口诀综述以上内容:主在前、谓在中,宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。

二、句子成分的划分

句子成分构成了英语中各式各样的句子。句子用词准确、合乎语法规范是一篇文章最起码的要求。英语句子虽然千变万化,但就一个简单句来说,其基本结构不外乎以下五种:

Group one

1. Mr. Green swims every summer.

2. Mr. Green can swim across the river.

3. Mr. Green can swim and swims every summer.

分析:本组句子都是“主+谓”结构( S + vi. )。其中第1句是简单谓语,第2句是复合谓语,第3句是并列谓语。

Group two

1. Mr. Spun is our English teacher.

2. He seems to know everything.

3. His hair turned gray.

分析:本组句子都是“主+谓+表”结构,也叫做“主+系+表”结构( S + link v. + P )。

英语中常见的系动词有:(1) 表状态的be;(2) 表“看(听/闻/摸)起来”的look, seem, appear, sound, smell, feel等;(3) 表示变化的become, turn, get, fall, go等;(4) 表示保持的keep, stay, remain等。在系动词后作表语的主要是形容词、名词、介词短语、非谓语动词,以及少数副词等也可作表语。

Group three

1. I’ve j ust got a copy of this book.

2. Do you want to read this book?

3. I’ll finish reading the book overnight.

4. We often talk about good books.

5. I think this book is well worth reading.

分析:本组句子都是“主+谓+宾”结构( S + vt. + O )。英语中的及物动词(vt.)和介词后通常要接宾语,不及物动词(vi.)不可直接带宾语;充当宾语的常有:名词、代词(宾格)、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。

Group four

1. We call him Mr. White.

2. We would like him to teach us.

3. He makes his lessons lively and interesting.

4. We think it our duty to serve in the army.

5. The situation makes it necessary that our product should be improved.

分析:本组句子都是“主+谓+ 复合宾语(宾语+宾补)”结构。宾补用于补充说明宾语干什么、是什么、怎么样,故宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系;充当宾补的主要是形容词,名词、介词短语、不定式、分词,以及个别副词也可作补语。

注意:当不定式或从句作宾语,又需接补语时,要用it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语,将作宾语的不定式或从句移到补语的后面,如本组的第4句和第5句。

Group five

1. Jennifer teaches us English.

2. Today he gave me some good advice on English study and I bought him a gift.

分析:本组句子都是“主+谓+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)”。表示人的间接宾语通常放在表示物的直接宾语的前面,若要将间接宾语放到直接宾语的后面,需要加介词to 或for,如本组第2句可改写为:

Today he gave some good advice on English study to me and I bought a gift for him. 分析下列句子成分。

1. The teacher got very angry.

2. Last night I wrote a letter.

3. The boy told me his story.

4. We watched the train leaving the station.

5. He often goes somewhere beautiful and quiet on vacation.

用括号内所提示的基本句型将下列句子译成英语。

1. 你的故事听起来很有趣。(主语+ 系动词+ 表语)

2. 我妹妹是在农村长大的。(主语+ 谓语)

3. 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语)

4. 下学期谁教你们生物?(主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语)

5. 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语)

三、对各种句子成分提问

1、对主语提问:

Cindy reviews her English lessons in the reading-room every evening.

→Who reviews his English lessons in the reading-room every evening?

2、对谓语提问:

Cindy reviews her English lessons in the reading-room every evening.

→What does Cindy do in the reading-room every evening?

3、对宾语提问:

Cindy reviews her English lessons in the reading-room every evening.

→What does Cindy review in the reading-room every evening?

4、对定语提问:

Cindy reviews her English lessons in the reading-room every evening.

→What lessons does Cindy review in the reading-room every evening?

5、对状语提问:

Cindy reviews her English lessons in the reading-room every evening.

→When does Cindy review her English lessons in the reading-room?

Where does Cindy review her English lessons every evening?

6、对表语提问:

The teacher’s office is on the second floor. →Which is the teacher’s office?

7、对定语提问:

The teacher’s office is on the second floor. →Whose office is on the second floor?

教给大家一个歌谣,帮助你们记住句子的主要成分。句子成分很重要,七大名称莫混淆。主语、谓语是主体,还有宾、定、补、状、表。

I. 请指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。

1. The apples tasted sweet.

2. Would you please tell me your address?

3. He noticed a man enter the room.

4. Do you have anything else to say?

5. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.

6. Traveling all over the world is her dream.

II. 单项选择。

1. _________ will leave for Beijing in two days.

A. Now there the man

B. The man here now

C. The man who is here now

D. The man is here now

2. He found the street much _________.

A. crowd

B. crowding

C. crowded

D. crowdedly

3. I need a quiet room__________.

A. to study in

B. study

C. studying

D. to study

4. I think _________ necessary to learn English well.

A. its

B. it

C. that

D. that is

5. Although it's raining hard, _________ are still working in the fields.

A. but they

B. and they

C. they

D. since they

6. _________, Tom becomes very interested in business.

A. His dream comes true

B. To make his dream come true

C. Make his dream come true

D. He makes his dream come true

III. 翻译练习。

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

1. 会议将持续两个小时。________________________________________________

2. 五年前我住在北京。________________________________________________

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

3. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。________________________________________________

4. 他不知道说什么好。________________________________________________

主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)

5. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。________________________________________________

双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

6. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?________________________________________________

复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)

7. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。________________________________________________

8. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。________________________________________________

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解

及结构的划分

句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1.什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分? ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号:主语=谓语-宾语~ ?定语()状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 句子主体部分:主语和谓语(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分:定语和状语。

句子成分的划分(汉语) ?.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么” ?(主语)(谓语)(宾语) ?例:杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 ?例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse、(名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day、(代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health、(动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided、(主语从句作主语) (二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers、(系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard、(行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book、(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English、(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill、(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him、(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball、(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story、(2)The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:

中考英语句子成分分析

中考英语句子成分分析 1.英语句子成分讲座·主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important.英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。 Most of the students come from the countryside.大多数学生来自农村。 ■动名词作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it.后悔是无用的。 ■动词不定式(短语)作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。 2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语 谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ■及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。

They respect one another.他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there?你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday.他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988.他于1988年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher.他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。 3.英语句子成分讲座·表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five.她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、 宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. (动词短语) 2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成; 例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如: He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

初中英语句子成分的划分与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

初中英语句子成分及练习

句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语:sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种:主语 (S ubject)、谓语(P redicate)、表语(P redicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。

初一英语句子成分分析

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 Lucy is a good student. The Great Wall is in China. 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math. He doesn’t watch TV. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

初中英语句子成分分析

初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当? 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如: They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词) The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) He is here (副词) It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词) 4, 宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词) They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词) I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解.doc

初中英语句子成分讲解 一概述:句子成分 概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主 语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,V-ing 和从句充当。谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持 一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。 表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子 等充当。 宾语 : 表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing 、从句充当,和及物动词一 起说明主语做什么。 定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单 词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。 状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的 4 个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。) Eg. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 二详解 1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 1).名词 例如: A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA ’ s example. 2).代词 例如:It ’ s a young forest. I don ’ t know if it will grow. That ’ s a bit expensive. You’ d better buy a new pair. I ’ m afraid we haven ’ t got any black shoes. 3).数词 例如: One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4).不定式(常以It’ s adj. to do sth. 形式出现) 例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep.

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案优选稿

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案 内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构

句子的成分1 句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) Three were absent.(数词作主语) To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语)注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语) She looks well.(系动词作谓语) We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) I am a teacher.(名词作表语) Everybody is here.(副词作表语) They are at home now.(介词短语作表语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语) 4 ,宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语) He often helps me.(代词作宾语) He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语) 5状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully.(副词作状语)

初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构

句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) Three were absent.(数词作主语) To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语) 注意 不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语) She looks well.(系动词作谓语) We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) I am a teacher.(名词作表语) Everybody is here.(副词作表语) They are at home now.(介词短语作表语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语) 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语) He often helps me.(代词作宾语)

初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习

句子成分&五种基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 I.【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 ★间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。 ★间接宾语加“for”的有:

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