Unit_1_Encyclopaedia
广州版牛津英语新版八年级上册
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias
Getting reading
1. Is my encyclopaedia usdful, Lo? Lo, 我的百科全书有用吗？
useful adj.“有用的，有益的，有帮助的”。
useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词，常在句中充当表语或定语。
This dictionary is very useful to us. 这本词典对我们很有用。
This is a useful book for English beginners. 这是一本对英语初学者有帮助的书。
拓展：（1）useful前使用不定冠词a, 因为它的发音是以辅音音素开头。（2）以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。useful (有用的) – useless（无用的）careful（细心的）– careless（粗心的）
helpful （有帮助的）– helpless（徒劳的）
Reading
1. painter
2. cook vs cooker
3. Look it up! 查阅一下！
Look up 意为“查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。
We can look up new words in dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。
【拓展】○1. look up 仰视；向上看
He looked up from his book as I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。
○2. look的相关短语：
look around 向周围看look out 向外看；当心look like 看起来像
look the same 看起来相同look forward to盼望
3. Da Vinci was born in the countryside.
be born意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。接地点名词时用介词in，接时间名词时用介词on或in（具体到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。
Li Ming was born in England on May 8th, 1995.
Where were you born?
4. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous paintings in the world.
○1famous adj.著名的，相当于well-know，可以做表语和定语。
She is famous sports star in the world.
○2. 辨析：be famous for 与be famous as
北京以其众多的名胜古迹而闻名于世。
Beijing its many places of interest in the world.
5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
○1include及物动词，包含，包括
The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.
The children include twenty girls.
【拓展】including prep.包括，包含在内
Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.
○2drawing 可数名词，图画；素描图
6. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
○1more than “超过；多于”，相当于over，反义词less than，意为“少于”。
They have more than a car. 他们有不止一辆汽车。
【拓展】no more than ( = only) 仅仅；不过not more than 不多于；不超过
○2million “百万”，与具体的数字连用是，不加-s，后面直接接复数名词。
固定短语millions of 。。。“数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。
hundred, thousand和million的用法相同。
Millions of people help them in different ways.
There are about two thousand students in this school.
He wrote hundreds of songs.
A. millions of
B. million of
C. two millions of
7. They lived everywhere on Earth.
everywhere adv.到处(=here and there)
I looked for my dog everywhere, but I couldn’t find it.
8. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
as... as... “与……一样……”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“（A与B）一样……”
This tree is as tall as that one.
【拓展】比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，
表示“A不如B……“
Our school is not so big as yours.
(2013 甘肃白银) --- English isn’t as as Chinese.
---- Maybe, perhaps it’s just because Chinese is your native language.
A. easy
B. easily
C. easier
D. easiest
9. Some could even fly.
10. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
11. Nobody knows why.
12. comes out of his/her mother/s body
out of 从……出来，在……外
Fish can’t live out of water.
13. outside prep.在……外面, 反义词：inside
Let’s play games outside the house.
There are no students inside the classroom.
adv. 在外面。
Let’s paint the house green outside.
It’s raining outside. Let’s stay inside and watch TV!
14. at the end of ... 在……的末尾，在……的尽头，既可指地点，也可指时间。
in the end 最终，最后，终于，其后不接of短语。
15. person
16. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.
“used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。
I used to read English in the evening. But now I usually read it in the morning.
I used to go to that primary school.
(辽宁中考)翻译句子
过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。
We , but now we write e-mails.
17. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。
He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.
【拓展】○1help oneself to ...随便吃些……
Help yourselves to some fish, children.
○2can’t help doing... 禁不住做……
She can’t help laughing.
18. I was a student just like you.
just like “正如，正像”, like prep.像，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
Everyone would like a clean classroom, just like home.
19. Perhaps you will do something important pr even become famous one day.
something important “重要的事”。形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。
（2013 湖北孝感）My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand. A. different something B. different anything
C. something different
D. anything different
20. Just remember to think and to dream.
remember vt.记住
21. Some were small; others were huge.
some ... others ... 一些……另一些……
others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。
There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.
【拓展】some ... the others ... 一些……其余的……，the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。
There are some children on the beach. Some can swim but the others can’t.
22. How ling did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?
how long “多长时间”, 用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
How long did you stay?
How long is the river?
(南京中考) --- do you watch TV every week?
---- Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.
A. How many
B. How much
C. How long
D. How often
Listening
1. Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.
win vt.赢得，获胜，后接的宾语一般是比赛、辩论或格斗等名词。win也可作不及物动词。
Who won the men’s 400 meters race?
We must win today.
【拓展】beat “击败，打败，胜过”，后接的冰雨是参加比赛的人、团体等。
Li Lei beat Jim and won the first prize.
(安徽中考) --- Our team the match. We’ve got the first place!
--- Well done! Congratulations!
A. hit
B. beat
C. won
D. watched
2. She can find out about many ... 她能弄清许多关于……
find out 意为“了解（到）；弄清；发现”。
I will try to find out who broke the machine.
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.
（重庆中考）--- Steven, could you help me when the plane will take off on the Internet?
--- I’m sorry, my computer doesn’t work.
A. get on
B. find out
C. look for
D. look after
Grammar
A some and any
We use some and any to talk about amounts.
1. Work out the rule
We use some and any before plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
We usually use some in positive statements. We usually use any in negative statements and questions.
我们在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前使用some和any。在肯定句中我们通常用some。在否定句和以文件中我们通常用any。
2. Things to remember
当我们期待得到肯定回到时，我们也在疑问句中用some。
We also use some in questions when we expect the answer to be “yes”.
May I have some noodles.
B somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.
1. 一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。
I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.
【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有事也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。
Would you like something to drink?
2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Somebody wants to see you.
3. 形容词修饰复合不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。
Do you have anything important to tell us?
1. We have some questions about dinosaurs.
about 此处用作介词，意为“关于”
I have a lot of books about animals.
辨析：about和on
2. There is not anybody in the room.
3. Is there anything above the teacher?
above prep.在……上方，后接名词或代词作宾语。
The plans is flying above the clouds.
The moon is now above the trees.
The books are on the table.
There is a big bridge over the river.
4. Is there anybody by the window?
by prep.在……旁边，靠近
My house is by the river.
She sits by that window.
5. Is there anything under the teacher’s desk?
名词所有格：名词词尾加’s，多用来表示有生命的东西。“介词+of+名词”，多用来表示无生
A. Jim’s and Tim’s
B. Jim’s and Tim
C. Jim and Tim
D. Jim and Tim’s
6. Is there anyone next to the piano?
next to 在……旁边，紧挨着，其后长街表示长多。顺序等的词。
Our house is next to the park.
（福建莆田中考）根据汉语提示完成句子
On this way, the computer room is (在……近旁，紧邻) the lab.
Speaking
1. It’s always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.
It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 是固定句式，意为“做某事（对于某人来说）是……的”，其中it是形式主语，没有实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。句中的sb.与动词不定式to do之间存在主谓关系。
It’s very important for us to learn English.
It’s very interesting to play computer games.
--- I often have hamburgers for lunch.
--- You’d better not. It’s bad for you too much junk food. (安徽芜湖中考)
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. ate
More practice
1. It was made in 1964 by John Landy.
这是一个被动语态的句子，谓语was made意为“被建造”。
英语中有两中语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态谓语动词的构成为“be +及物动词的过去分词”。
Many people speak English.许多人说英语。（主动语态）
主语谓语宾语
English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人讲。（被动语态）
主语be + 过去分词by +主动语态中的主语
（2013 山东聊城）It was reported that nine Chinese people in a balloon crash(坠毁) in Egypt on February 26, 2013.
A. are killed
B. were killed
C. will kill
D. have killed
2. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.
make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，make在此处是使役动词，后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
The boss made me work twelve hours a day.
Who made Tom cry?
【拓展】最常见的使役动词有have, make, let和get，都表示“使，让”之意，其后都可跟复合宾语。但have, make, let后用动词不定式做宾补时不带to；而get后用动词不定式作宾补时带to。
I will have/make/let him go instead of me. = I will get him to go instead of me.
(2013 重庆) He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A. to stay
B. stayed
C. stays
D. stay
3. The idea worked. 这个想法很奏效。
work vi.奏效，起作用
Will this new plan work?
【拓展】work作动词时的其他常见含义：
○1vi. 工作；劳动
He works hard.
○2vt.使工作；使干活
He works himself too hard.
4. Many people visited his fruit shop and took picture of the Big Banana.
take pictures of “给……拍照“，其中pictures可用photos代替，也可用take picture/photo of表达相同的含义。
We took a lot of pictures of the animals in the zoo.
Let’s take a photo of the park.
5. Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merino’s head and look at the view through its eyes.
through prep.“通过，透过，穿过”，强调从物体内部穿过。
Light comes in through the window.
【拓展】through的常见短语：look through浏览go through 穿过
（江苏徐州中考）根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
I could see her (透过) the window.
Study skill
1. An encyclopaedia often consists of a number of books.
○1consist of “由……组成，包括“
Our team consists of 10 members.
○2a number of “许多”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，并可在number前加great, large等
形容词来修饰，以加强语气。
I have a large number of letters to write.
and in these years the number of them growing larger and larger.
A. are; is
B. is; are
C. have; are
D. has; is