四六级翻译备考笔记

四六级翻译备考笔记
四六级翻译备考笔记

翻译作为语言听、说、读、写、译五大能力之一,是历年四级考试题型之一。四级考试在

2006年6月24日进行了巨大的结构调整,翻译部分由以往的英译汉改为汉译英。然而,事

实上我们四级的翻译根本不是翻译,只是补全句子。因为它的难度实在是太小了,只要你翻译半句话,不是让你翻译一段话,更不是让你把《红楼梦》翻译成英文,或者把莎士比亚的诗翻译成中文。

纵观多年来四级翻译题的考察重点,无非就是考察你两样东西。,首先就是固定的短语,四级大纲中规定了一些常见的短语,这个绝对要考的。第二个考一些常见的语法现象,比如

说虚拟语气,倒装,比你发现这个句子前面是only in this way,后面是(我们才能成功),

这样百分之百是倒装,这个点找好基本上这个分都可以得到,这个不是特别重要的一块。

浅析样题与真题

一.考试形式:由原来英译汉变为汉译英来源:

二.内容简单:名为翻译,实为补全句子来源:

三.考核重点:特殊句型(倒状句,比较状语从句),核心语法(虚拟语气、分词、不定式),重点词组

大纲样题6月24日真题

87题目不管是否加热找到去历史博物馆的路

参考答案whether (it is) heated or not finding the way to the history museum 考点分析从句+被动语态动名词作补语

88题目他向我收费过高为了挣钱供我上学

参考答案did he charge me too much

did he overcharge me In order to support my university studies,

To finance my college education,

考点分析倒装句不定式作状语

89题目与我的相比我们交研究报告

参考答案compared with mine

in comparison with mine we (should) hand in our research report(s)

考点分析过去分词虚拟语气名词从句中的应用

90题目一半的钱我愈糊涂

参考答案half as much (money) the more confused I am

考点分析平级比较结构比较结构The more…, the more …

91题目把孩子的成功归因于他被公司解雇了

参考答案to attribute their children’s success to

to have a belief that their children’s success to he was fired by the company.

he was dismissed by the company.

考点分析固定短语attribute to 连词though与but不兼容+被动语态

对策

一.看核心语法,重点看虚拟语气;比较状语从句;倒装句;现在分词;过去分词;不定式;动名词。

二.把老四级词汇与结构真题答案带进题目浏览一遍

三.把写不出的单词短语换个说法。比如写不出“他向我收费过高”中的“overcharge, charge”,我们可以说“ask me to pay him much more money”。

再比如写不出“把孩子的成功归因于”我们可以说“to have a belief that their children’s success is due to”。

结语纵观新四级翻译真题,我们完全有理由相信:老四级当中的词汇与结构部分的重点语法和重要词组,将会成为汉译英部分的考查重点,因此考生仍旧应该重视老四级的真题材料。

新四级翻译考试题目以汉译英的命题形式出现,考点的实质其实仍然是基础语法和基础词汇知识,如果考生备考时能够牢固掌握以往老四级《词汇和结构》真题的核心知识点,拿到汉译英部分分数应该是相对容易的。

但是需要注意到的是,汉译英部分的做题时间只有5分钟,这就意味着考生必须对知识

点掌握足够熟练,满足考题在速度上的要求。

1. 根据上下文辨词义。

(1) 词义有轻重的不同

例如表示“打破”的词

break是最一般的用语,意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。

crack是出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片。

crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。

demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。

destroy是完全摧毁,使之无法复原。

shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。

smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。

又如表示“闪光”的词

shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。

glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。

glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。

sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。

(2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同

在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四个词中:agriculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程,所包含的范围最广。farming指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。

又如在empty,vacant,hollow这组同义词中,它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容:

empty可以用来形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等词,表示“空的,一无所有。”

vacant可以用来形容position,room,house,seat等词表示“没有人占用的,空缺的。”

hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的。”

2. 论褒贬,即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度。

任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。

词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同。如“死”就有许多委婉的说法:

to expire 逝世to pass away 与世长辞

to close (end) one's day 寿终to breathe one's last 断气

to go west 归西天to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘

to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉to give up the ghost 见阎王

to kick the bucket 翘辫子to kick up one's heels 蹬腿

又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法:

She is having a baby. She is expecting.

She is in the family way. She is knitting little booties.

She is in a delicate condition. She is in an interesting condition.

又如“警察”:

policeman 正式用语cop 美国口语

bobby 英国口语nab 美国俚语

3. 看搭配。

任何一种语言,在长期使用的过程中,会形成一种固定的词组或常见的搭配。这些比较固定的说法,有时可以译成另一种语言,有时则不行。翻译时,必须注意英汉两种语言中词的不同搭配。

以kill为例:

1).He killed the man. 他杀死了那个人。

2).He killed his chances of success. 他断送了成功的机会。

3).He killed the motion when it came from the committee. 他否决了委员会提出来的动议。

4).He killed three bottles of whisky in a week. 他一周内喝光了三瓶威士忌。

5). kill the peace 扼杀和平

6).kill the promise 取消诺言

7). kill a marriage 解除婚约

还要注意英汉定语与名词的搭配不同:

heavy crops 丰收

heavy news 令人悲痛的消息

heavy road 泥泞的路heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海洋

heavy heart 忧伤的心heavy reader 沉闷冗长的读物

又如:

a broken man 一个绝望的人a broken soldier 一个残废军人

a broken promise 背弃的诺言a broken spirit 消沉的意志

broken money 零钱

改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点“中国传统文化”

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?During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话,就被听众打断了 ?surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择,只能投降) 若是everything 等则不加 to ?The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son's having been admi tted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) ?The lecture was so boring that the students couldn't help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) ?I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school (好心载我一程去学校) ?(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insu rance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. ?It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president. ?Mrs.Smith shut the window lest 以免 the noise outside (should) interfere with h er son's sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)虚拟语气 ?The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) ?When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题,我脑袋一篇空白),and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. ?The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it sto pped working(他刚启动计算机,它就不运转了) ?What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话,二十他说话的方式) ?This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说,还不如说是新闻报道) ?The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) ?Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depen ds mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。

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