2018届人教版必修1Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 单元学案设计(15页)

2018届人教版必修1Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 单元学案设计

单元话题阅读

纳尔逊?曼德拉名言录

●It always seems impossible until its done.

在事情未成功之前，一切总看似不可能。

●Money won't create success, the freedom to make it will.

创造成功，靠的不是金钱，而是拥有创造成功的自由。

●In my country we go to prison first and then become President.

在我的祖国，我们先当囚徒，后当总统。

●A good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination.

精明的头脑和善良的心灵往往是个不可思议的组合。

●After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.

攀上一座高山后，你才会发现，原来还有更多的山头等着你

●For to be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.

自由不仅仅意味着摆脱自身的枷锁，还意味着以一种尊重并增加他人自由的方式生活。

●If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you

talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.

如果你用一个人听得懂的语言与他交流，他会记在脑子里;如果你用他自己的语言与他交流，他会记在心里。

●There can be no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children.

知晓一个社会的灵魂，就看这个社会对待小孩的方式，除此以外，没有更好的办法。

纳尔逊·曼德拉：你不知道的六件事

No. 1 He was a boxing fan.他是个拳击迷。

In his youth, Nelson Mandela enjoyed boxing and long-distance running. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning.

＂I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. I was intrigued by how one moved one's body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat, how one paced oneself over a match,＂ he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom.

Among the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard. 纳尔逊·曼德拉年轻时就喜欢打拳击和长跑。即便在被囚禁的27年岁月里，他每天早

晨仍然坚持练习。

＂我更喜欢拳击的技巧而非暴力。我对如何移动身体保护自己、如何利用战术进攻和

后退、如何在比赛中把握自己的节奏感兴趣，＂他在自传《漫漫自由路》中写道。

索韦托的曼德拉家族博物馆保存着许多纪念物，参观者会在其中发现一条拳击世界冠

军的腰带，这是美国拳击名宿雷纳德（Sugar Ray Leonard）赠予曼德拉的。

No 2 His original name was not Nelson.他最初的名字不叫纳尔逊，而是罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉（Rolihlahla Mandela ）。

Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying in Qunu, South Africa, gave him an English name—Nelson , in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names. This was common practice in South Africa and in other parts of the continent, where a person could often be given an English name that foreigners would find easier to pronounce.

Rolihlahla is not a common name in South Africa. It is Xhosa, one of the 11 official languages in the country, spoken by about 18% of the population. It literally means ＂pulling the branch of a tree＂, but its colloquial meaning is ＂troublemaker＂.

His circumcision name was Dalibunga, meaning ＂founder of the Bunga＂, the traditional ruling body of the Transkei - the rural area where he was born. ＂To Xhosa traditionalists, this name is more acceptable than either of my two previous given names,＂ he wrote in his autobiography. However, in South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan name—Madiba, which South Africans used out of respect.

他九岁时在家乡库努的一所卫理公会小学就读，是学校老师给他取了一个英文名字——纳尔逊，为每名入学儿童起教名是当时的传统。

在南非和非洲大陆其他地方，一个人常常被取一个外国人觉得容易发音的英文名字。

罗利赫拉赫拉在南非不是常见的名字，它来自科萨语，南非有11种官方语言，操科萨语的人口占18%。

＂罗利赫拉赫拉＂的字面意思是＂拉树枝＂，在口语中指＂捣蛋鬼＂。

他行割礼时取名＂达理邦加（Dalibunga）＂，意思是＂邦加的建立者＂，邦加是南非特兰斯凯地区的统治组织，曼德拉就出生在这里。＂比起我的前两个名字，传统的科萨人更接受这个名字，＂他在自传中说。但在南非，曼德拉先生常被按他的家族姓氏称呼——曼德拉，南非人这么称呼他是出于敬意。

No 3 He was on a US terror watch list until 2008.他的大名直到2008年一直列在美国恐怖分子观察名单上。

Prior to that, along with other former ANC leaders, Mr Mandela was only able to visit the US with special permission from the secretary of state, because the ANC had been designated a terrorist organisation by South Africa's former apartheid government.

Ronald Reagan originally placed the ANC on the list in the 1980s.

＂It is frankly a rather embarrassing matter that I still have to waive in my own counterparts - the foreign minister of South Africa, not to mention the great leader, Nelson Mandela,＂ then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said in 2008.

The bill scrapping the designation was introduced by Howard Berman, chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, who promised to ＂wipe away＂ the ＂indignity＂.

在此之前，曼德拉像其他非洲民族议会领导人一样，只能在获得美国国务卿特许后访问美国，原因是南非前种族隔离政府把非洲民族议会定名为恐怖组织。

上世纪八十年代，经里根总统同意，非洲民族议会被列入恐怖分子名单。

美国前国务卿赖斯在2008年说，＂就连我对同等地位的南非外交部长做出让步时都明显感到尴尬，更不用说那位伟大的领袖曼德拉了。＂

后来，是众议院外交委员会主席霍华德·伯尔曼发起了废除这一称号的法案，他承诺要为非洲民族议会＂抹去＂这一＂侮辱＂。

No. 4 He forgot his glasses when he was released from prison.曼德拉被从监狱释放时忘了带眼镜。

Mr Mandela's release on 11 February 1990 followed years of political pressure against apartheid. On the day, he was ＂astounded and a little bit alarmed＂, he recalled later.

Mr Mandela's reading glasses stayed behind in prison Mr Mandela and his then-wife Winnie were taken to the centre of Cape Town to address a huge and euphoric crowd. But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realised he had forgotten

his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's.

名入学儿童起教名是当时的传统。

在南非和非洲大陆其他地方，一个人常常被取一个外国人觉得容易发音的英文名字。

罗利赫拉赫拉在南非不是常见的名字，它来自科萨语，南非有11种官方语言，操科萨语的人口占18%。

＂罗利赫拉赫拉＂的字面意思是＂拉树枝＂，在口语中指＂捣蛋鬼＂。

他行割礼时取名＂达理邦加（Dalibunga）＂，意思是＂邦加的建立者＂，邦加是南非特兰斯凯地区的统治组织，曼德拉就出生在这里。＂比起我的前两个名字，传统的科萨人更接受这个名字，＂他在自传中说。但在南非，曼德拉先生常被按他的家族姓氏称呼——曼德拉，南非人这么称呼他是出于敬意。

No 3 He was on a US terror watch list until 2008.他的大名直到2008年一直列在美国恐怖分子观察名单上。

Prior to that, along with other former ANC leaders, Mr Mandela was only able to visit the US with special permission from the secretary of state, because the ANC had been designated a terrorist organisation by South Africa's former apartheid government.

Ronald Reagan originally placed the ANC on the list in the 1980s.

＂It is frankly a rather embarrassing matter that I still have to waive in my own counterparts - the foreign minister of South Africa, not to mention the great leader, Nelson Mandela,＂ then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said in 2008.

The bill scrapping the designation was introduced by Howard Berman, chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, who promised to ＂wipe away＂ the ＂indignity＂.

在此之前，曼德拉像其他非洲民族议会领导人一样，只能在获得美国国务卿特许后访问美国，原因是南非前种族隔离政府把非洲民族议会定名为恐怖组织。

上世纪八十年代，经里根总统同意，非洲民族议会被列入恐怖分子名单。

美国前国务卿赖斯在2008年说，＂就连我对同等地位的南非外交部长做出让步时都明显感到尴尬，更不用说那位伟大的领袖曼德拉了。＂

后来，是众议院外交委员会主席霍华德·伯尔曼发起了废除这一称号的法案，他承诺要为非洲民族议会＂抹去＂这一＂侮辱＂。

No. 4 He forgot his glasses when he was released from prison.曼德拉被从监狱释放时忘了带眼镜。

Mr Mandela's release on 11 February 1990 followed years of political pressure against apartheid. On the day, he was ＂astounded and a little bit alarmed＂, he recalled later.

Mr Mandela's reading glasses stayed behind in prison Mr Mandela and his then-wife Winnie were taken to the centre of Cape Town to address a huge and euphoric crowd. But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realised he had forgotten his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's.

(2013·江苏阅读理解，D)Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel ＂trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).＂ More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, ＂the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.＂

Th ere is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the