口译教程5

口译教程5
口译教程5

Module 5 Public speaking

I Theory and skills

演讲的技巧(一)口头表述

一名优秀的译员必须同时是一位杰出的演讲者。译员作为次级讲话人(secondary speaker),与发言人同时出现在听众面前,必须要将发言人的发言效果(impact)体现出来,这不仅仅指语言内容要准确,也指译员要合理运用声音、姿势、动作、眼神等。出色的译员能通过良好的演讲表现增加听众对其翻译能力和译作质量的信任度。

但是,译员与一般演讲者有所不同。译员对于发言的题目、内容和发言目的没有决定权,也不能随意更改发言内容,只能通过翻译尽量达到讲者要传达的发言效果。

因此,口译训练中的演讲技巧注重表述能力,它包含口头表述(vocal rendering)和体态语言(body language) 两个方面,指的是译员借助有声和无声的手段达到良好的演讲效果的能力。表述训练是为了增强听众对译员的信任度,提高译文的效果。

译员的口头表述的训练重点是发声(voice projection)和吐字(articulation)。

在发声训练上要注意音色、音高、音量、语调、语速、停顿和变化这几个要素。

吐字强调的是口齿清楚、发音准确。吐字的技巧不仅关系到音节的清晰度,而且关系到声音的圆润、饱满。要吐字清楚,首先要熟练地掌握常用词语的标准音。其次,要力求克服发音含糊、吐字不清的毛病。平时多练习绕口令有助于练好吐字的基本功。

另外,由于译员工作时大多通过麦克风传递声音,因此要注意“麦克风礼仪”(microphone manners)。译员的嘴巴应与麦克风之间保持一定的距离以把握适当的音量,防止音效失真和出现气爆杂音(pop noise),要注意不能对着麦克风喘粗气、吸鼻子、咳嗽或大声翻阅资料。

演讲的技巧(二)体态语

体态语又称身势语或形体语言,是人们利用姿态、动作、面部表情来传递信息的非言语行为。体态语是人类社会交际的信息载体。人们借助体态语来表达和交流信息、感情、态度,因此体态语也是演讲语言的组成部分。译员不仅要有较强的口语表达能力,也要善于用体态语言来表情达意。

译员登上讲台,首先给听众的是视觉形象。仪表、姿态,神情,动作,全都呈现在听众面前。译员灵活自如、优美协调的体态动作,能很好地辅助口语,弥补有声语言表达的不足,使有声语言表达的内容更准确、生动、完整。译员的体态语言主要包括以下几个方面:仪表与风度、身体姿态、手势、眼神交流、表情。

总之,译员在平时训练和实际工作中一定要注意恰如其分地使用体态语,避免出现因为不得体的体态动作而影响口译效果的情形。

II Skills practice

Teaching suggestions: When asked to act as a speaker or an interpreter, the students should be reminded to take both the speech delivery and interpretation seriously, so that they will be more aware of their role in the situation and behave as they are supposed to.

Instruction: let the students have a quick look at the following passage and invite one student to be the speaker delivering a speech based on it and another student to be the interpreter.

5.1 What makes a good conversation?

Recently, a friend phoned me. She’s one of those people who could talk under wet cement. I've discovered that I can even put the phone down and attend to something in another ro om while she's talking and she doesn’t even notice. A second friend phoned me that night. I was very tired, but I soon forgot my weariness as we animatedly shared our opinions, beliefs and personal experiences. Time flew, and as I went to bed very late that night, I thought, “Now, that was a really good conversation!”

It occurred to me that it might be an interesting topic to research for my speech tonight. So I asked some of my friends what they thought made a good conversation. They had different suggestions, but all agreed on three main points: mutual interest, give and take, trust.

Let's look at the first one: mutual interest. A conversation has to be of interest to all concerned. As one friend suggested, a good conversation is when two or more people voluntarily explore the topic. But how can we be sure that we are not boring others? We need to be sensitive to the cues our listener gives us. Someone suggested if he is pulling away from your grip, or standing on tiptoe making desperate signals to someone else, he probably wants out!

All my friends agreed that a conversation thrives on a balance of giving and taking. Conversations are the building blocks of a relationship, one told me. If conversations lean too far in one direction, the relationship will topple.

We agreed that giving and taking can be done both through speaking and listening. Through talking we can entertain, inform, advise, and share personal experiences. We fulfill our listener’s emotional needs when we sympathize, praise or reassu re him. By listening attentively we can make the other person feel good about himself. We give him an outlet for his pent-up feelings, and a sounding board for his ideas. Since most people would rather talk than listen this means we sometimes have to give up our own desire to speak in favour of the other person’s need to talk.

Someone mentioned active listening. We can respond non-verbally with our eyes and body language to draw out the speaker. It's important to ask questions to show interest. Open-ended questions, like How, What, Where, When, Why encourage the speaker to continue.

Then there's trust. A relationship requires mutual trust. It's like a series of circles, someone said. The outer ring is for acquaintances. We usually exchange small talk with

acquaintances. Small talk is a necessary medium for finding a mutual interest. It's a way of testing the water before plunging in. The next circle is for people we feel comfortable with. We know them well, we mix with them socially, and might even have serious conversations with them, but we don't have a close relationship. We don't let many into our smaller inner circle. That is for those we feel safe with, with whom we can be open and honest.

I was wondering how to sum this all up when my ten-year-old neighbor called in. I asked her if she had a good friend that she enjoyed talking to. “Oh yes,” she said. “I tell my friend Emily everything.” “And who does the most talking?” I asked. “Both of us,” she said. “We’re interested in the same things. I’ve known her for years.” There we have it: mutual interests, a balance of talking and listening and a good relationship. I think she summed it up well. But what do you think? I'll leave it to you to decide what you think makes a good conversation.

III. Interpreting exercise

5.2 Managing editor of the Washington Post talks about China

Words and phrases

communist dictatorship 共产主义的专制国家

emerging economic power 崛起的经济大国

Language tips

1. become students of China:literal translation: 成为中国的学生; better translation: 向

中国学习;拜中国为师。

2. emerging economic power 崛起的经济大国。“Power” is an abstract concept; here it

should be substantiated and hence“大国”。

3. There is no more complex job in the world than trying to run and administer a country

so big and having so many different challenges, with people living both in considerable wealth and in poverty as well.中国如此庞大,又有这么多的问题需要对付,人民贫富差距如此之大,世界上恐怕再也找不到比管理中国更复杂的工作了。

“There is no more … than” can be translated as “最……的……莫过于……”,“没有比……更……的……”。

Some people say that the Washington Post often describes China as a communist dictatorship without democracy or freedom, and they ask, why is the newspaper so fond of playing with such negative words? Well, I cannot agree with that. First of all, neither the Washington Post, nor the New York Times, nor any other big newspaper, refers to China today as a dictatorship. We don't use these words on our papers any more. Now we say China is a communist country only because it is a fact. China is ruled by the Communist Party. //

On the contrary, we are trying to understand the complexity of China. We spent last year

in China writing many long stories about the civil society in China, about the Internet, about workers, about disputes between the state and individuals over certain matters. Those stories showed how complex China was. //

There are many things happening now in China. Sometimes it is extraordinarily contradictory because it is a big country and it is a country which includes many many things happening at the same time. You have economic development which has put more people out of poverty over a short period of time than any other country in the world in human history. At the same time you have many contradictions. How Chinese leaders will resolve them is something the whole world is waiting to see. //

I think all of us should become students of China. China's role in our future will get bigger and bigger. In the last 50 years what has happened in America has influenced many other parts of the world. China is similar in that regard. China is an emerging economic power, which is having an enormous impact, economically mostly, on many parts of the world including the US. Chinese people will soon get accustomed to the fact that what happens in China will have big impact in the world. //

I’ve been to China three times. The first time was in 1999; the second was March 2001 when I interviewed Chinese President Jiang Zemin. The last time was November 2003 when I interviewed Premier Wen Jiabao. China is incredibly dynamic and culturally rich. On my visits to China, I felt I was seeing into the future. I think it is a deeply fascinating country. Every time I go there, I see and learn things that I never expect to see and learn. It is a country with such beauty and potential. I also think that how China resolves the challenges it faces today will be a major force deciding the future of the planet. //

As for the Chinese leaders I’ve me t, I don't feel qualified to comment on them. I was very impressed by the degree of preparation, engagement, knowledge and vision that they have of China and China's role in the world. There is no more complex job in the world than trying to run and administer a country so big and having so many different challenges, with people living both in considerable wealth and in poverty as well. The job is much more difficult than being an American President, though they are different jobs in quite a number of ways. //

IV Self-study material

Instruction: Study the following words and phrases, then interpret the passage.

计划生育政策family planning policy

一孩政策One Child Policy

男女性别失衡unbalanced sex ratio, gender imbalance

多元化政策multivariate policy

总和生育率total fertility rate

出生性别比sex ratio at birth, birth ratio, newborn sex ratio

男孩子偏好preference for male children

关爱女孩行动Girl Care Project

(人口素质)逆淘汰reverse selection of population quality

中国实行计划生育政策,已经有20多年了。但是许多人对中国的计划生育政策还存在着很大的误解。他们的理解是,20多年来中国一直在实行一孩的政策,也就是只允许生一个孩子。而且,现在在城市里实行得比较严格。在比较富有的城市,一对夫妻只有一个孩子,但是比较贫穷的农村人口,就允许有两到三个孩子。他们还认为,这个政策导致了一个比较严重的后果就是男女性别失衡。对此,我需要作一些澄清。//

实际上,从上个世纪80年代初期开始,中国实行的政策叫做计划生育政策,或者叫生育政策,是一个多元化的政策。关于这一点,我们可以从两个事实中看出来。// 首先,全中国目前的总和生育率是1.8,这就意味着长时间以来,实际上在大多数的地区和家庭实行的并不是一孩的政策,而是一个多元化的政策。比如说,在城市的一孩,农村的二孩,少数民族地区的三孩,甚至在有些地区,比如说西藏是没有限制的。所以这个政策实际上是根据中国每一个地区的经济和社会发展的状态所确定的一个多元化的生育政策。// 第二,出生性别比问题,中国目前出生性别比出现失调。出生性别比是指出生以后男婴儿和女婴儿相比的数字。这是很重要的一个概念,因为出生性别比和总人口的性别比是两个不同的概念。//

出生性别比的失调实际上不完全是和计划生育政策连在一起的。我想讲两个例子,很有意思。第一个例子,韩国在1988年的时候,它的出生性别比是114,中国今天是117,我相信韩国可能没有计划生育政策。// 第二个例子,新加坡在1984年的时候,出生性别比是109。为什么会在亚洲地区出现出生性别比的问题?目前主要归结于两个方面,第一个是文化传统的影响,所谓男孩子偏好,这是一个很大的问题。第二,中国出现这个问题和农村的社会保障机制是紧密联系在一起的。//

目前,中国政府面对当前所出现的出生性别比升高的问题做出一个正确的决定,就是目前中国正在开展的“关爱女孩行动”,这是一个非常重要的实践。这个“关爱女孩行动”重点针对目前在文化差异上所造成的偏好男孩倾向,要把女孩的地位、女孩的权利非常强地在社会上进行宣传。第二个,中国政府有一个很重要的考虑,就是尽快考虑社会保障机制的建立,特别是农村社会保障体制的建立。//

第三,对于城市一家只能生一个孩子,贫困的地区反而可以生两到三个孩子,这种现象被称为“逆淘汰”。对此,我想讲两个观点。目前对农村的政策是鉴于农村目前的经济状态所决定的。农村的社会保障体制正在逐渐形成和完善,在这个过程中,如果也采取非常严厉的“一孩”政策的话,农村所拥有的家庭保险的可能性就被减弱。所以,目前农村仍然采取一孩或者是二孩的政策,这是根据经济情况决定的。//

《口译教程》参考译文-10

Lesson 10 10.3 中与欧盟的关系 女士们、先生们、朋友们: 今天,我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国的关系。 欧盟全称为欧洲联盟,是在欧洲共同体基础上由25个(27)独立的国家组成的,目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。原来称“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。 目前的25个成员国是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯(希腊部分)、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、欧兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚。 欧盟25国总面积400万平方公里,接近半个中国的面积。总人口数为4.544亿,排行第三,仅次于中国和印度,约占世界总人口的7%。 欧盟统一货币为欧元,2002年1月1日正式启用。到目前为止,已经有12个欧盟成员国用欧元取代其本国货币。统一货币使人们出门旅行、对比价格更为容易,它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长与竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。 到目前为止,欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。作为一个整体,这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。 欧盟与中国关系十分友好。今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。去年,欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2,000亿欧元。德国是中国最大的贸易伙伴,英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。 欧盟正抓住当前大好的历史机遇——团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆,创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。*** 这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的统一市场,这个市场饱含经济增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。 我的话讲完了,谢谢大家!

10.4 中国与东盟的关系 A: Excuse me, could you tell me when ASEAN was established? And how many member countries does it have now? B: 东盟于1967年8月8日成立,目前有10个成员国,它们是:文莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国、新加坡和越南。 A: Besides these 10 member countries, ASEAN also always holds the 10+1, 10+3 meetings. Does it mean that ASEAN has some dialogue partners? B: 是的。东盟有10个对话伙伴,它们是澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、欧盟、印度、日本、俄罗斯、新西兰、韩国和美国。 A:What is the area that ASEAN covers? How man languages are spoken in this region? What is the total population? B: 东盟地区面积大约有450万平方公里,有14中官方语言和7种宗教。人口总数在2000年有5.12亿。 A: 4.5 million square kilometers is about half of China’s territory, such a big regional organization neighboring China. How is the relationship between ASEAN and China now? B:东盟不仅在区域上面积广大,在经济、政治、科技上也是一个举足轻重的地区。所有的东盟成员国都是中国的友好近邻。自从上世纪90年代以来,中国与东盟的关系一直很好,政治联系日益密切。 A:Can you give some data? B: 在中国与东盟的关系中,经贸、科技方面的合作是基本的组成部分。1994年的贸易总额从120亿增加到235亿美元,其中中国出口额109.2亿美元,进口123.6亿美元。双方的相互投资过去几年也不断增加。东盟在劳务合作和项目建设方面已经成为中国的重要市场。中国和东盟已经同意用8年的时间创建世界人口最密集的自由贸易区。 A:The relationship is very good economically, but how about

口译教程部分答案

2.2 Why do we have eyebrows? Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women either pluck, paint, pierce or tattoo play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes. Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When it's pouring rain outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes. Our arch-shaped eyebrows angle the rain or sweat around to the side of our faces--leaving our eyes fairly dry. By catching the water or sweat, our eyebrows not only allow us to see more clearly, but also keep salty sweat from burning or irritating our eyes. Eyebrows have other roles also. As one of our most expressive facial features, eyebrows help us determine how people are feeling without ever really asking them. If a person's eyebrows are frowning, chances are they are mad or upset. In addition, eyebrows have an increasing impact on our beauty or fashion culture over the years. Thick, hairy and big eyebrows tend to be characterized as unattractive while thin and plucked eyebrows are said to be more attractive. 3.1Hotels in China Hotels in China are classified into first class, second class and third class based on their star-rating. Five-star and most four-star hotels are in the first class. Guest rooms in first class hotels all have fully-fitted bathrooms, refrigerators, telephones and satellite TV. They have fully adjustable climate control through central air-conditioning facilities. Other ancillary facilities provided by these hotels include such things as business centres, conference facilities, beauty parlours, saunas, foreign exchange, bowling centers, disco-ballrooms, swimming pools, gymnasiums, restaurants, cafes, shopping centers and bars which are open 24 hours a day. The second class generally includes three-star hotels and some two-star ones. Guest room facilities and services are not up to the standard of those in first class hotels. Tour groups normally prefer to stay in second class hotels. Third class hotels are much like motels in Western counties in terms of facilities and services. Hardware facilities in such hotels are of course inferior to those provided by second class hotels, but they offer prices 50% or more below those of second class hotels. As a result, they are popular with many tourists. 5.1 What makes a good conversation? Recently, a friend phoned me. She’s one of those people who could talk under wet cement. I've discovered that I can even put the phone down and attend to something in another room while she's talking and she doesn’t even notice. A second friend phoned me that night. I was very tired, but I soon forgot my weariness as we animatedly shared our opinions, beliefs and personal experiences. Time flew, and as I went to bed very late that night, I thought, “Now, that was a really good conversation!” It occurred to me that it might be an interesting topic to research for my speech tonight. So I asked some of my friends what they thought made a good conversation. They had different suggestions, but all agreed on three main points: mutual interest, give and take, trust. Let's look at the first one: mutual interest. A conversation has to be of interest to all concerned. As one friend suggested, a good conversation is when two or more people voluntarily explore the topic. But how can we be sure that we are not boring others? We need to be sensitive to the cues

口译教程2

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李天舒 主审:冯伟年 编委李天舒朱益平李艳李淑侠赵晓铃 张春娟张录侠何华李超慧宋美盈 世界图书出版公司2003 年出版定价:15 元 本教材出版后已作为英语系2001 级,辅修班2002 级,专升本2001 级学生口译课教材。 : 1.题材广泛,内容丰富,实用性强。本教材以我国对外交流与合作及口译工作的实际为出发 点,集口译理论、技巧和实践为一体。内容主要包括口译的基本理论、方法和技巧,涉外工作的礼仪 和程序等,重点是口译工作所涉及的各种话题的英汉互译。这些专题材料主要选自国内外中英文报 刊和有关网站的最新资料。题材广泛,内容丰富、涵盖了我国对外交流中可能涉及到的各种话题,旨 在通过大量的英汉互译实践,使学生掌握口译的基本理论和技巧。 2.英译汉、汉译英并重,双向训练同步进行。口译教学不同于书面翻译教学,可采取英译汉、 汉译英分阶段进行。口头交际是一种双向交际活动;口译通常是在两种语言连续交替转换模式中进 行。因此,口译教学采取英汉互译,双向训练同步进行为好。本教材的总体框架就是根据这一原则设 计和编写的。口译实践是全书的主体部分 本教材分两大部分,十八个单元。第一部分三个单元。第一单元着重介绍口译的基本理论,包括 口译的产生、发展、特点、标准、类型、过程及口译人员的基本素质要求等。第二、三单元集中介绍口译 的一些基本方法和技巧,包括直译法、反译法、意译法、增减译法、口译笔记及各种数字的口译及习语、 引语的口译。另外,第二、三单元在介绍了每一种口译技巧之后都附有相应的英汉互译练习及练习参 考答案。在使用本教材时,教师可根据教材顺序,集中一段时间进行口译理论和技巧教学,着重对 学生进行单项口译技巧训练,使他们通过口译实践尽快掌握口译的基本理论、方法和技巧,闯过口 译中经常遇到的几个难点,为在后面的专题口译训练中能灵活机动、综合运用各种口译技巧,顺利 进行英汉互译打好基础。

口译教程答案雷天放版

口译教程答案雷天放版 口译教程答案(雷天放主编) Lesson 2 2(3 Yo-Yo Ma 今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最伟大的大提琴家-马友友。作 为大提琴演奏家,马友友的职业生涯已经横跨了20多个年头,期间 他发布了50多张专辑。他的音乐获得过许多奖项,其中包括令人叹 服的14项格莱美大奖。他也曾经在许多重要的场合演奏,如格莱美 的颁奖仪式和奥运会的庆典活动。 马友友是出生在法国的华裔,父母都是音乐家,母亲是歌唱家,父亲 是作曲家。第一次正式登台演出的时候,马友友只有5岁。随后他随 家人迁居到了美国。4年后,年仅9岁的马友友就在纽约极具声望的 卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出了。后来马友友进入朱莉亚音乐学院学习提 琴演奏。从那儿他转入哈佛大学,并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求 学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。 而今,马友友仍在继续他的音乐之路,并且积极地与来自世界各地的 各种流派的音乐家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在马 友友看来,大提琴是他声带的延伸。他演奏时最重要的一点就是全时 全情地投入,并且努力将音乐的内容传递给现场观众。 2(4 CNN interview with Jet Li CNN 记者:祝贺《英雄》所取得的成功。请问您在《英雄》里扮演的 角色是否与你通常演的角色很相似呢, JL: It is a very special part and a very special movie. I think

it’s one of the most important action movies in my life. CNN 记者:为什么你会这样说呢,你演过近30部电影,而《英雄》 是如何与其他影片不同的呢, JL: Usually action films have a formula: a child whose parents have been murdered by the bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad guys. But “Hero” has a much broader theme. CNN 记者:就比如很像《卧虎藏龙》, JL: No, it’s totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very talented director. He uses martial arts to talk about love and girls, you know… But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their hopes through martial arts. CNN 记者:含义的确很深。我们知道您的处女作是1979年拍摄的〈少 林寺〉,那时你还是个十几岁的少年。影片在亚洲引起了轰动,并且 还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是,您是如何从一位武术冠军成为一名 好莱坞的动作明星的, JL: I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts, that is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film. But after a few years, I really want to do something different…

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