03-2013年12月4真题(第3套)
2013年12月大学英语4级考试真题（第3套）
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
words.
“Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all
the education I really need?”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension
(30 minutes)
说明：2013年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套不再重复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their 36 out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a 37 that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year 38 to just $1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global ad market.
But as the number of eyeballs glued to 39 screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone’s
Total score 710Total time allowed
130 mins
振宇英语/４级真题
value as a pocket billboard (广告牌). Consumers are 40 using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and 41 the Internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisers 42 options for reaching audiences. During soccer’s World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to 43 thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. “Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25,” says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. “Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket –– you just can’t 44 cell phones as an advertising tool.” Mobile-phone marketing has become as 45 a platform as TV, online or print.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A Mess on the Ladder of Success
A) T hroughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that
gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies (大草原), drain the wetlands and build new cities.
B) B y the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the U.S. had a mild panic attack. What would this
energetic, enterprising country be without new lands to conquer? Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc.), but eventually, in industrialization, the U.S.
found a new narrative of economic mobility at home. From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an old person’s migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants.
C) F or the last 20 years — from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade — the
U.S. has been casting about for its next economic narrative. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the work force but particularly for its youngest members.
D) T he U.S. has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate
that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages (抵押贷款), but many young people — who don’t own homes and don’t yet have families — are staying put, too. This suggests, among other things, that people aren’t packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to. Rather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus (与……相对) everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other
振宇英语/４级真题classes: the mobile and immobile.
E) P art of the problem is that the country’s largest industries are in decline. In the past, it was perfectly clear
where young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s) and, more or less, what they’d be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars, selling oil). And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskilled laborer to manager or engineer. Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small (though some promise future growth) and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along the southern I-85 corridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities.
(You don’t need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, to get a job in one of the microhubs (微中心), by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B.A. in computer science or a year or two at a technical school.) This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power.
F) M any members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomy headlines.
If you have no specialized skills, there’s little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for
a low-paying jo
b at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census (普查) data,
however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree.
G) U ntil now, a B.A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter
of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor’s degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not.
H) T hose without such specialized skills — like poetry, or even history, majors — are already competing
with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled labor market atomized into thousands of microeconomies, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills.
I) S o what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, it’s hard to say,
since the U.S. doesn’t have one clear national project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnology’s (纳米技术) moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.) It’s not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade.
J) W hat is clear is that all sorts of government issues — education, health-insurance portability, worker retraining — are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. It’s in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportunity, and America’s ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. (As recently as five years ago, U.S. migration was twice the rate of European Union states.) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. U nlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder.
振宇英语/４级真题
47. T he census date is surprising in that college graduates are also among the immobile workforce.
48. N ew figures released by the government show that Americans today are less mobile than ever before.
49. T he migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young.
50. A merica is better at innovation than most other rich nations.
51. E arly American history is one of moving outward.
52. Y oung people don’t know what to learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued
ten years from now.
53. C omputer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced
manufacturing.
54. W hen the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found new economic mobility in
industrialization.
55. A merica today can be divided into two classes: those who move and those who don’t.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation’s professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.
“As a group, we are pro-market,” says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues.”
“It’s very puzzling,” says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free-market side.”
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals — less poverty, more health care — but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.”
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,” he says.
The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women. “More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,” May says.
Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high.
The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’ skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.
振宇英语/４级真题The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What is the finding of the new study?
A) The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.
B) Men and women understand economics quite differently.
C) The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.
D) Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.
57. What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?
A) They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.
B) They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.
C) They usually play an active role in public policy-making.
D) They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.
58. What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?
A) She represents most female economists’ standpoint.
B) She devotes herself to eliminating women’s poverty.
C) Her study of economics changed her view on government’s role in economic activities.
D) Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.
59. What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?
A) More female economists should get involved.
B) It should do justice to female economists’ studies.
C) More attention should be paid to women’s rights.
D) It should aim at sustainable development.
60. On what issue do male and female economists differ most?
A) Government regulation. B) Job creation.
C) Military spending. D) Gender equality.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government’s immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain.
Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管). “The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research students teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.”
“Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research,” Beall said.
Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue — as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring — is being put at risk.
Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.
振宇英语/４级真题
Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students’ right to work during and after their studies.
Beall said: “Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students who are so important to the UK’s research output. The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61. What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?
A) The increase in tuition and fees. B) The ever-rising living expenses.
C) Changed immigration policies. D) Universities’ tightened budgets.
62. What is UK vice-chancellors’ biggest concern?
A) How to obtain financial support from the government.
B) How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions.
C) How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities.
D) How to stimulate the creativity to their research teams.
63. Why do UK universities try to attract postgraduate students from outside the EU?
A) A substantial part of their revenue comes from non-EU students’ tuition and fees.
B) Non-EU postgraduate students are usually highly motivated.
C) The number of UK postgraduate students has fallen sharply.
D) Some of the postgraduate programmes are specially designed for non-EU students.
64. What were the expectations of some non-EU students’ families?
A) Their children could enjoy the UK’s cultural benefits.
B) Their children could find well-paying jobs upon their return.
C) Their children could become established academically.
D) Their children could work in the UK after graduation.
65. What does Beall suggest the UK government should do?
A) Allow promising international students to work in research teams.
B) Revise UK visa regulations to accommodate non-EU students.
C) Give universities adequate support to attract non-EU students.
D) Try to address the needs of international students in the UK.
Part IV Translation (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
振宇英语/４级真题
答案详解与译文划线点评
Part I Writing
【写作提示】
这是一篇看图作文。从图画的内容我们可以看出文章的主题是说互联网对人们学习方式的影响。作文
可分为三段：第一段可以简单描绘图画内容；第二段论述互联网学习的利与弊；第三段做出结论，指出互联网学习不能取代其他教育方式。
【写作范文】
The Impact of the Internet on Learning
It is apparently depicted in the cartoon given above that
while a teacher wants to give a quiz to a little boy who is holding a cell phone in his hand and says: “Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all the education I really need?” The teacher seems to be quite hearing her student’s The cartoon vividly mirrors one of the problems in our lives that the Internet has learning. We can acquire relevant knowledge and information rapidly and precisely via search engines, professional websites and online education. However, education does not simply mean learning to obtain information. Learning basic on skills, traveling with classmates, participating in social activities and effective and be achieved by obtaining information from the Internet alone.
Therefore, we should not ignore those traditional, essential and prevailing speak highly of age of information.
【范文翻译】 【范文亮点词汇】
1. embarrassed 3. exert v. 5. ful?ll v. 7. prevailing
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振宇英语/４级真题
Part II Listening Comprehension
说明：2013年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套不再重复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section
The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first com-mercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their (36) messages out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone us-ers worldwide, a (37) total that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year (38) amounted to just $1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global ad market.
But as the number of eyeballs glued to (39) tiny screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone’s value as a pocket billboard (广告牌). Consumers are (40) increasingly using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text mes-saging, downloading songs and games, and (41) accessing the Internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisers (42) fresh options for reaching audiences. During soccer’s World Cup last summer, for ex-ample, Adidas used real-time scores and games to (43) attract thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. “Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25,” says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. “Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket — you just can’t (44) ignore cell phones as an advertising tool.” Mobile-phone marketing has become as (45) vital a platform as TV
, online or print.
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振宇英语/４级真题
36. 【解析】 J 。空格前是their ，所以此空需填入一个名词作get 的宾语。分析句子结构，空格前their 指代的是advertisers ，get 的间接宾语是mobile-phone users ，根据句意，广告商大规模地传播给手机用户的应该是广告信息。故本题选J 。37. 【解析】 M 。空格前是不定冠词a ，此空需填入一个以非元音音素开头的单数名词，故选项中只有total 符合，与句中的数字2.2 billion 和growing by about 25% each year 呼应，该句意为全球有22亿手机用户，这个数量正在以每年大约25%的幅度增长。38. 【解析】 B 。分析空格所在句的句子结构，主语是spending ，on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year 都是spending 的修饰语，空格后为不定式to ，可知该句缺少谓语，需要填入一个可以和to 搭配的谓语动词，再由空格前的时间词last year 可知要用动词的过去式。根据句意，去年全世界的广告商在手机网络上投入的广告开销______只有15亿美元，这是在统计广告开销的费用，故只有amounted 符合句意。39. 【解析】 L 。空格前是介词to ，空格后是名词screens ，而且空格所在句的句子结构完整，所以此空需填入一个修饰screens 的形容词。根据后文so 引导的倒装句，手机作为随身广告牌的价值也水涨船高，因此该句的screens 是指手机屏幕，综合选项中的形容词，能修饰屏幕的只有tiny 合适。40. 【解析】 I 。空格前是系动词are ，空格后是动词using ，可知此空需填入一个副词。根据上文的multiplies （成倍增加），可知消费者用手机做打电话以外的事情也在日益增多，故此空选increasingly 。41. 【解析】 A 。分析句子结构可知这是一个和text messaging ，downloading songs and games 的平行结构，此空需要填入一个ing 形式的动词。根据句意，消费者越来越多地用手机做打电话以外的事，例如发信息、下载歌曲和游戏、______互联网。accessing the Internet 表示上网。故选A 。42. 【解析】 G 。分析句子结构，此空需填入一个修饰options 的形容词。these activities 指代上文的发信息、下载歌曲和游戏、上网，再结合下文Adidas 的例子，可知此处指给广告商带来新的选择，故fresh 符合句意。43. 【解析】 D 。根据空格前used…to…结构，可知此处需要填入一个动词原形。根据句意，阿迪达斯利用实时分数和实时比赛______了成千上万的球迷登录手机网站。所以只有attract （吸引）符合句意。44. 【解析】 H 。空格前是can ’t ，此空需填入一个动词原形。根据上文意思，手机作为口袋广告牌的价值在增加，空格后提到as an advertising tool ，因此该句应肯定手机的广告作用，空格前已有can’t ，故只有表示否定意义的动词ignore 符合句意。45. 【解析】 O 。空格前是系动词become ，空格后是名词a platform ，根据as…as 结构，此空需要填入一个形容词。这里将手机营销与电视、网络、纸媒作比较，而且上文已经肯定了手机的广告作用，这里也需填入一个表示肯定意义的词，说明手机营销平台也很重要，故只有vital 符合句意。
Section
成功途中的迷茫
A) 【51】纵观美国历史，重要的经济故事，
几乎总会有至少一个，它激励着那些怀有雄心和不满现状的人背起行囊，远走他乡寻找财富。在最初欧洲移民定居美国的300年左右的时间里，他们向外迁移：移民者迁到大陆，而后开垦边疆，清理草原，抽干湿地，建造新城市。
B) 【54】到19世纪末，随着边疆开发完毕，
美国人感到了一丝恐慌。没有新土地可以去征服，这个精力充沛、乐于探索的国
46. U nlike in the past, a college degree alone does not
guarantee a good job for its holder. 与以往不同，单单一个大学学位并不能保证其持有人有一份好工作。【解析】G)。细节题。根据句中的关键词a college degree 和guarantee a good job 可以定位至文章G)段。该段第三句说到“David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job.”这句话的意思是说只凭大学文凭已经不能保证找到一份好工作了。no longer 是“不再”的意思，和句中Unlike in the past 是同义转换，guarantor 和guarantee 是同根词。
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振宇英语/４级真题
家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪·罗斯福，【54】决定继续征服（古巴、菲律宾等地），但最终，美国在工业化过程中找到了让经
济在国内保持流动性的新方法。从19世
纪90年代到20世纪60年代，人们从农
场迁到城市，先是北方地区，后来是南方
地区。事实上，到20世纪50年代，城市
已经相当繁荣，白领工作几近饱和，很多
人开始迁往郊区。【49】随着人口的老龄化，还有一部分人从寒冷的铁锈地带（美国北
部工业区）迁到舒适的阳光地带（美国南
部各州）。我们认为这是一次老年人的迁
移，但它在建筑和医疗行业为年轻人创造
了很多工作机会，旅游业、零售业、餐饮
业就更不必说了。
C) 近20年里——从冷战结束时起，十年内
经历了两次经济泡沫——美国一直在寻找
下一个经济故事。如今，美国正经历着又
一段恐慌期，这对许多劳动者，尤其是最
年轻的群体而言，是个坏消息。
D) 【48】美国一直都是个流动性极强的国家，
但人口调查局的新数据显示，目前的人口
流动性达到了有记载以来的最低水平。当
然，有些人是被困在估价低于抵押贷款的
家里，但很多年轻人——他们没有房子，也还没有成家——也留在原地。这至少说
明，人们不再像过去那样，为了新的经济
机遇背起行李离开家乡。与其将美国人划
分为“最富有的1%”和“其他人”这两类，【55】还不如说经济上的差异是发生在另
外两个阶层之间：流动阶层和非流动阶层。
E) 有部分问题在于，美国最主要的几个产业
都在衰退。过去，年轻人明确知道该去哪
儿找工作（19世纪70年代去芝加哥，20
世纪初去底特律，20世纪70年代去休斯
敦），也差不多知道在那儿要做些什么（宰
牲畜、造汽车、卖汽油）。而且，这些行
业规模巨大，足以给各个阶层的劳动者提
供职位，从没有技术的体力劳动者到经理、工程师。如今，在经济发展中为数不多的
几个知名企业都规模较小（尽管有些有望
在未来增长），而且布局分散。【53】在硅谷、47. T he census data is surprising in that college graduates are
also among the immobile workforce. 普查数据中令人惊讶的是，大学毕业生也在非流动劳动力之中。
【解析】F)。细节题。根据句中的关键词The census data is surprising和the immobile workforce可以定位至文章K)段最后一句。该句说到，不过，人口普查的数据令人惊讶的是，非流动劳动者并不仅限于缺乏技能的工人。实际上，许多是有大学文凭的。
48. N ew figures released by the government show that
Americans today are less mobile than ever before. 政府发布新的数据显示，美国人现在的流动性不如过去。【解析】D)。细节题。根据句中的关键词New ?gures和less mobile than ever before可定位至文章
D)段第一句。该句说到“The U.S. has always been
a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the
Census Bureau indicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history.”意思是说美国一直是个富有流动性的国家，但人口调查局的新数据显示，目前的人口流动性达到了有记载以来的最低水平。
句中的new ?gures和are less mobile than ever before 分别对应文章中的new data和has reached its lowest level in recorded history。
49. T he migration of old people from cold to warm places
made many jobs available to the young. 老年人从寒冷地区迁移到温暖的地区给年轻人创造了许多工作机会。
【解析】B)。细节题。根据句中的关键词The migration of old people，many jobs和 the young可定位至文章B)段最后两句。这两句明确说到，随着人口的老龄化，还有人从寒冷的铁锈地带（美国北部工业区）搬到舒适的阳光地带（美国南部各州）。我们认为这是一次老年人的迁徙，但它在建筑和医疗行业为年轻人创造了很多工作机会，旅游业、零售业和餐饮业就更不必说了。
50. A merica is better at innovation than most other rich nations.
美国比其他大部分富裕国家更善于创新。
【解析】J)。细节题。根据句中的关键词America和than most other rich nations可定位至文章J)段第二句话。由该句后半句“America’s ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries.”可知，美国在令人振奋的新想法上投入人力和财力的能力仍然超过其他
振宇英语/４级真题
心、I-85走廊南部沿线先进的制造工厂，都可以找到好的职位。这些公司面向全国、全世界招聘有专业技能的员工。（顺便说，想在某个微中心找到一份工作，你不一定
非要成为下一个马克·扎克伯格——脸谱
网的创始人。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至
少需要一个计算机专业的学士学位，或在
技校学过一两年。）这种新型、极佳的就
业市场面向全国，为流动阶层提供具有竞
争力的薪水和更强的议价能力。
F) 另一方面，许多非流动阶层人口则居住在
那些令人沮丧的头条新闻中的美国。如果
你没有专业技能，就没有理由背井离乡去
另一个州，也最没有可能去某个新建的汽
车制造厂或某个新建的绿色能源公司谋求
一份低薪工作。【47】不过，人口普查的
数据令人惊讶，非流动劳动者并不仅限于
缺乏技能的工人。实际上，许多是有大学
文凭的。
G) 以前，拥有任何专业的学士文凭，几乎都
能保证一份至少中产阶级水平的收入。而
如今，有四分之一的大学毕业生的工资低
于没有学士文凭的普通工人。【46】麻省
理工学院著名劳动经济学家大卫·奥特尔
最近告诉我，只凭大学文凭已经不能保证
找到一份好工作了。他说，名牌大学的毕
业生，无论什么专业仍然有可能找到好工
作，而那些普通学校的毕业生，找工作则
是由其所学的知识决定的。为了在全国范
围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产
业所需要的能力，无论是技术方面还是其
他方面。
H) 那些没有这类特殊技能的毕业生——比如
诗歌，甚至历史专业的毕业生——已经在
和邻居竞争当地二流的低薪职位，如基层
管理者、大卖场售货员。而随着低技能劳
动力市场分化为成千上万个微经济体，非
流动劳动者很难提出高薪水、改善工作条
件、学习有用技能等要求。
I)
【52】那么，今天有志向的年轻劳动者究
竟应该学习什么呢？很不幸，这个问题很
难回答，因为美国没有一个清晰的全国性
文中的ability… in exciting new ideas。
51. E arly American history is one of moving outward. 美国
早期的历史是一部向外迁移的历史。
【解析】A)。细节题。根据句中的关键词American history和moving outward可定位至A)段。该段前两句说到，纵观美国历史，总是有至少一条重要的经济学解释，能说明那些有雄心壮志的人和对现状不满的人为何要背起行李，到别处碰碰运气。在欧洲殖民者到美国定居的大约前300年里，他们向外流动。句中的Early American history对应For the ?rst 300 or so years of European settlement。
52. Y oung people don’t know what to learn because it is hard
to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now. 年轻人不知道学什么，因为很难预测到十年后什么技能是最需要的或最有价值的。
【解析】I)。细节题。根据句中的关键词learn，it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years可定位至I)段。该段前两句说到很难说今天的年轻劳动者究竟应该学习什么，该段最后一句说现在还说不清最需要什么技能，或者这些技术在10年后是否还具有价值。句中的it is hard to predict对应文中的It’s not clear exactly，ten years对应文中的a decade。
53. C omputer or other technical skills are needed to get a
well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing.
要在高科技或先进制造业中找到一份高薪的工作，电脑及其他技术技能是必需的。
【解析】E)。细节题。根据句中的关键词Computer、technical和advanced manufacturing可定位至E)段第5-7句。该段第5句说到在硅谷、波士顿和罗利-达勒姆的生物科技研究中心、I-85走廊南部沿线先进的制造工厂，都可以找到不错的工作。该段第7句括号中的内容也说到，想在某个微中心找到工作，你至少需要一个计算机学士学位，或在技校学过一两年。54. W hen the frontier vanished about a century ago, America
found new economic mobility in industrialization. 当边疆在约一个世纪前开拓完毕时，美国在工业化中找到了新的经济流动性。
【解析】B)。细节题。根据句中的关键词frontier vanished和found new economic mobility in industrialization 可定位至B)段第1、3句话。第一句话指出到19世纪末期，边疆地区已开发完毕，美国
振宇英语/４级真题
些是最有发展前景的？（未来5年纳米技术将得到迅猛发展的论调已经有20年之久。）现在还说不清最需要的技能是什么，也说不清这些技术在10年后是否还具有价值。
J) 目前清楚的是，各种各样的政府性问
题——教育、健康保险的可转移性、劳动者再培训——已经不再是富足生活的奖励品，而是生存的必需品。为了我们所有人的利益，我们应该确保能让尽可能多的人能够为追求机遇而迁移，【50】而美国在
令人振奋的新想法上投入人力和财力的能力仍然超过其他大部分富裕国家。（就在5年前，美国的移民率是欧盟国家的两倍。）至少，在我国经济似乎在寻找下一步的方向时，这可以为我们提供些许慰藉。
Section
Passage One
【56】一项新的研究表
明，国家的职业经济学家在经济问题上存在着很大的性别差异，这类似于普通大众中的性别差异。
【57】“作为一个整体，我们都是亲市场派，”研究组织者之一、内布拉斯
加大学的经济学家安·玛丽·梅说，
“不过，比起男性，女性更容易接受政府对经济活动的管理和参与。”
“这很令人费解。”乔治梅森大学莫卡特斯研究中心的自由市场经济学家维罗妮克·德·瑞吉说，“我没有一天不在思考，为什么自由市场领域的女性经济学家这么少。”
【58】德·瑞吉是法国
人，早期支持政府干预，但研读了经济学之后，她改变了看法。“我们与自
人感到有些恐慌。第3句的but 后提到，最终，美国
在工业化中找到了让经济在国内保持流动性的方法。55. A merica today can be divided into two classes: those
who move and those who don’t. 今天的美国可被划分为两大阶层：迁移的人和不迁移的人。【解析】D)。细节题。根据句中的关键词divided into two classes 可定位至文章D)最后一句。由“Rather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes: the mobile and immobile.”可知，经济的差异是发生在其他两个阶层之间：流动阶层和非流动阶层。句中的those who move and those who don’t 即对应文中是the mobile and immobile 。
56. What is the finding of the new study? 新研究的调查结果是什么？
A) The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.
B) Men and women understand economics quite differently.C) The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.D) Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.A) 性别差异是普通民众关心的一个大问题。B) 男性和女性对经济的理解完全不同。C) 需要缩小男性和女性经济学家之间的差异。D) 男性和女性经济学家在经济政策上有很大差异。
【解析】D 。细节题。由题干中的关键词new study 可定位至文章第一段。由该段第1句“A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation’s professional economists ”意思是说一项新的研究表明，国家的职业经济学家在经济问题上存在着很大的差异。D 选项是对文中这句话的同
义转换。57. What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?关于女性经济学
家，安?玛丽?梅说了什么？
A) They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.B) They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.B) They usually play an active role in public policy-making.D) They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.A) 她们强烈反对男性在经济学行业占主导地位。B) 她们倾向于支持政府干预经济活动。
C) 她们通常在公共政策的制定中扮演积极的角色。D) 她们大多是自由市场经济的坚定拥护者。
【解析】 B 。细节题。由题干中的关键词Ann Mari May 可定位至文章第2段。
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振宇英语/４级真题
由主义者有很多共同的愿望——减少贫困，增加医疗保健——但对于如何实现却有着完全不同的想法。”
经济政策与研究中心的创始人之一、自由主义经济学家迪安·贝克说，男性经济学家一直处于行业的核心位置，他们彼此互相肯定反对政府调控的观点。而女性只处于行业边缘，她们“更有独自思考的可能，至少能把经济学的圈外人士当成同行来对待”。
经济学领域的性别平衡度正在改变。如今，女性获得了三分之一的经济学博士学位。【59】梅说：“讨论公共政策时，应该有更多样化的观点。”
在很多事情上，经济学家的确能达成共识。欧洲的政府管理过多、沃尔玛对社会有益，这些男性经济学家的观点，女性经济学家也同意。女性经济学家认为军费开支过高的观点，男性经济学家也同意。
【60】两性在女性平等的问题上分歧最大。绝大多数男性经济学家认为，男女之间的薪酬差距主要是由个人的技能、经验和自主选择造成的。绝大多数女性经济学家则反对这一观点，人数比例将近4比1。
他们最大的分歧在于：76%的女性经济学家认为，
在该段中Ann Mari May说到，“作为一个整体，我们都是亲市场派。不过，比起男性，女性更容易接受政府对经济活动的管理和参与。”B选项中的government intervention是对原文中government regulation and involvement的同义转换。
58. What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?关于经济学家维罗
尼克?德?瑞吉我们了解了什么？
A) She represents most female economists’ standpoint.
B) She devotes herself to eliminating women’s poverty.
C) Her study of economics changed her view on government’s role in
economic activities.
D) Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the
economics profession.
A) 她代表大多数女经济学家的立场。
B) 她致力于消除妇女贫困。
C) 对经济学的学习改变了她对政府在经济活动中的角色的看法。
D) 她的学术背景帮助她进入了经济学职业领域的核心圈。
【解析】C。细节题。由题干中的关键词Veronique de Rugy可定位至文章第3、4段。文章这两段都提到了Veronique de Rugy，在第4段中提到，Veronique de Rugy早期曾经支持政府对经济的干预，但在学习了经济学之后，她改变了看法。
59. What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?对于公共政策
的制定，安?玛丽?梅暗示了什么？
A) More female economists should get involved.
B) It should do justice to female economists’ studies.
C) More attention should be paid to women’s rights.
D) It should aim at sustainable development.
A) 更多的女性经济学家应该参与进来。
B) 应公平对待女经济学家的研究。
C) 女性的权利应该得到更多关注。
D) 应该以可持续发展为目标。
【解析】A。推理题。由题干中的关键词Ann Mare May和public policy-making可定位至文章第6段。该段最后一句May说，当讨论公共政策问题时，应该有更多样化的观点。而这一段前两句话说到，经济学领域的性别平衡正在改变。如今，女性获得了三分之一的经济学博士学位。由此可以推断以前经济学领域是男性主导，现在需要多样性，就应该让更多的女性加入进来，故A选项符合题意。
60. On what issue do male and female economists differ most?男性和女性经济
学家在什么问题上分歧最大？
A) Government regulation. B) Job creation.
C) Military spending. D) Gender equality.
A) 政府监管。 B) 提供就业。
C) 军费开支。D) 性别平等。
【解析】D。细节题。由题干中的关键词male and female economists differ
振宇英语/４级真题
经济学领域的教学职位更青睐男性。男性经济学家则持相反的观点：80%的人认为，女性会受到优先考虑，或者选拔过程中并没有性别的倾向。
Passage Two
【61】16年来，非欧盟国家赴英学习的研究生人数首次下降，这加剧了人们的担忧，担心政府紧缩的移民政策阻止了成千上万名最优秀的学生赴英深造。
英国文化教育委员会教育与社会部主任乔·比尔认为，这种下降会引起大学行政主管的惊慌。【62】“有关领域虽预计过增速减缓，但研究生数量的实际减少情况确实令人担忧，因为留学生构成了很多研究生学科和研究团队的主体，例如科学、技术、工程、数学等专业。”
【62】比尔说：“如果英国想要保持科研质量上的良好声誉，吸引最优秀、最有抱负的研究生和研究人员是至关重要的。”
【63】各大学的学费收入中，有三分之一来自非欧盟国家的学生。这部分收入——以及留学生带来的文化、学术和经济效益——正面临着危机，大学行政主管对此日益担忧。
【64】曼彻斯特大学的学生社会实践部主任蒂姆·韦斯特莱克说，一些学生的家里本打算让他们毕
most可定位至第8段第1句。由“The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women.”这句话可知，两性最大的分歧是对女性平等问题的看法。故选D。
61. What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the
UK? 是什么原因造成了非欧盟国家研究生在英国的数量下降？
A) The increase in tuition and fees. B) The ever-rising living expenses.
C) Changed immigration policies. D) Universities’ tightened budgets.
A) 学费及其他费用的增加。B) 生活费用的不断上升。
C) 移民政策的改变。 D) 高校预算的紧缩。
【解析】C。细节题。由题干中的关键词the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK定位至文章第1段。该段说到，16年来，非欧盟国家赴英学习的研究生人数首次下降，这加剧了人们的担忧，担心政府紧缩的移民政策阻止了成千上万名最优秀的学生赴英深造。由此可见，是英国移民政策的改变引起非欧盟国家研究生在英国的数量下降。故选C。
62. What is UK vice-chancellors’ biggest concern? 英国大学行政主管最担心
的问题是什么？
A) How to obtain financial support from the government.
B) How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions.
C) How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities.
D) How to stimulate the creativity to their research teams.
A) 如何从政府获得财政支持。B) 如何保持院校的学术声誉。
C) 如何防止假冒申请者进入大学。
D) 如何激发研究团队的创造力。
【解析】 B。推理题。由题干中的关键词UK vice-chancellors定位至文章第2、3段。这两段引用英国文化教育委员会教育与社会部主任乔·比尔的话，指出人数的减少会引起英国的大学行政主管的警觉。接着比尔说：“吸引最优秀、最有志向的研究生和研究人员，对保持英国科研质量方面的声望具有关键作用。”由此可推知留学生对英国院校的学术声誉贡献很大。故选B。
63. Why do UK universities try to attract postgraduate students from outside the
EU? 为什么英国大学设法吸引来自欧盟以外的研究生？
A) A substantial part of their revenue comes from non-EU students’ tuition
and fees.
B) Non-EU postgraduate students are usually highly motivated.
C) The number of UK postgraduate students has fallen sharply.
D) Some of the postgraduate programmes are specially designed for non-EU
students.
A) 其收入的很大一部分来自非欧盟国家学生的学费及其他费用。
B) 非欧盟国家的研究生通常有很高的积极性。
C) 英国研究生的数量急剧下降。
D) 一些研究生项目是专门为非欧盟学生设计的。
【解析】A。细节题。由题干中的关键词UK universities和students from outside the EU定位至文章第4段。该段说到大学的学费收入中，有三分之一来自非欧盟国家的学生。这部分收入——以及留学生带来的文化、学术
振宇英语/４级真题
业后留在英国工作，积累经验，挣回学费，而现在他们开始另寻别处了。
内政大臣特丽莎·梅上个月宣布，为防止假冒的申请者入境，使馆人员将会对10万多名移民申请人进行面试。她还表示，移民者是英国房价上涨的重要原因。该言论发表前，政府刚刚颁布了关于留学生在校期间及毕业后工作权利限制的新政策。
比尔表示：“英国签证规定的变化可能阻止了许多学生申请英国留学，特别是对研究成果极其重要的研究生，政府的统计数据首次为此提供了真实的证据。英国教育系统的高质量享誉全球，【65】所以
政府应该确保对高校的全力支持，以吸引对英国学术、文化、经济有巨大贡献的留学生。”
Part IV Translation
整体分析 本文是对中餐特点的介绍，属于简要说明性质的文字。故翻译时使用一般现在时态。
逐句解析和翻译
1
汉语第1句中，“中餐”可译为“Chinese cuisine ”。表达“喜欢”可以使用常见的“like ”,但是用 “be fond of ”可体现出考生的词汇量大，从而赢得印象分，而且“be fond of ”更文雅。该句可译为“Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine.
”。
和经济效益——正面临着危机，大学行政主管对此日益担忧。由此可知吸
引来自欧盟以外的研究生的一个重要原因是学费收入。故选A 。
64. What were the expectations of some non-EU students’ families? 一些非欧盟
学生家庭以前的期望是什么？
A) Their children could enjoy the UK’s cultural benefits.B) Their children could find well-paying jobs upon their return.C) Their children could become established academically.D) Their children could work in the UK after graduation.A) 他们的孩子可以享受英国的文化福利。B) 他们的孩子回国后能找到高薪工作。C) 他们的孩子能在学术上有所成就。D) 他们的孩子毕业后可以在英国工作。
【解析】D 。细节题。由题干中的关键词expectations 和non-EU students’ families 可定位至文章第5段。该段指出“students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.”意思是说，一些学生的家里本打算让他们毕业后留在英国工作，积累经验，挣回学费，而现在他们开始另寻别处了。故D 选项符合题意。
65. What does Beall suggest the UK government should do? 比尔建议英国政府
应该做什么？
A) Allow promising international students to work in research teams.B) Revise UK visa regulations to accommodate non-EU students.C) Give universities adequate support to attract non-EU students.D) Try to address the needs of international students in the UK.A) 允许有前途的国际学生在研究团队中工作。B) 修订英国的签证规定，以接纳非欧盟学生。C) 给大学充分的支持，以吸引非欧盟学生。D) 努力解决在英国的国际学生的需求。
【解析】C 。细节题。由题干中的关键词Beall 和the UK government 定位至文章第7段最后一句。该句指出“…so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK.”意思是说，所以政府应该确保对高校的全力支持，以吸引对英国学术、文化、经济有巨大贡献的留学生。故选C 。
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振宇英语/４级真题
2第2句中，“被视为”可译为“be considered as”或“be regarded as”。“技能”可译为skill。“不仅……而且……”用“not only...but also...”来表达最合适。该句可译为“In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art.”。
3第3句中，“可口”对应“delicious”，“好看”使用“good-looking”。“精心准备的”可译为“exquisitely prepared”。第3句可译为“An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is both delicious and good-looking.”。
4汉语原文的第4、5句合译为英语译文的第4句。其中，“烹饪技艺”可译为“the culinary skill”，“配料”可译为“dish ingredients”。“差别很大”使用“vary”一词很合适。“考虑到”或者“把……
纳入考虑”可译为“take... into account”。汉语词汇“共同的、共有的”可译为“common”。汉语词汇“味道”、“口感”分别对应英语单词“ ?avor”、“taste”。原文译为“The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China, but it is common for good cuisine to take color, ?avor, taste and nutrition into account.”。
5最后一个汉语句中，“至关重要”使用“vital”表达。“在……之间取得平衡”表达为“seek balance between…and…。”“谷物”对应英语词汇“cereal”。“既……又……”对应“be...as well as...”。
本句主体结构“由于……所以……”可译为“as...，accordingly...”。该句译为“As food is vital for one’s health, an excellent chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.”。
点睛词汇
中餐Chinese cuisine 精心准备的exquisitely prepared
可口delicious 烹饪技艺the culinary skill
配料dish ingredients 有差别vary
把……纳入考虑 take... into account 共同的，共有的 common
味道 ?avor 口感 taste
至关重要 vital 谷物cereal
在……之间取得平衡seek balance between...and... 既……又…… be...as well as...
由于……所以…… as...accordingly...
参考译文 1) Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. 2) In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. 3) An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is both delicious and good-looking. 4) The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China, but it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. 5) As food is vital for one’s health, an excellent chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.