试卷代号
试卷代号: A 大学英语四级考试
College English Model Test
–– Band Four ––
(4ASH04)
试卷一
*************************************************
注意事项
一、将自己的校名、姓名、学校代号、准考证号写在答题纸和试卷二上。将本试卷代号划
在答题纸上。
二、试卷一、答题纸和试卷二均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考人员收卷后考生才可离开。
三、仔细读懂题目的说明。
四、在90分钟内做完试卷一上的Part I至Part IV。90分钟后，监考人员收取答题纸和试卷一，
然后考生再做试卷二上的作文题。作文题答题时间为30分钟。全部考试时间为120分钟，不得拖延时间。
五、多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题纸上，凡是写在试卷一上的答案一律无效。试卷二
上的题目答案直接写在试卷二上。
六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB浓度以
上的铅笔在相应的字母的中部划一条横线。正确方法是：[A] [B] [C] [D] 使用其它符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。
七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation
and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a
pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
1. A) A math teacher and his colleague. C) A student and his classmate.
B) A teacher and his student. D) A librarian and a student.
2. A) Tony could not continue the experiment.
B) Tony finished the experiment last night.
C) Tony thought the experiment was well done.
D) Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.
3. A) She can't put up with the noise. C) She wants to save money to buy a piano.
B) The present apartment is too expensive. D) She has found a job in a neighboring area.
4. A) He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.
B) He has made great progress in his English.
C) He is a student of the music department.
D) He is not very interested in English songs.
5. A) At home. C) In a car.
B) In a restaurant. D) On the street.
6. A) His injury kept him at home. C) He was too weak to see the doctor.
B) He didn't think it necessary. D) He failed to make an appointment.
7. A) 5:15. C) 4:30.
B) 5:10. D) 5:00.
8. A) The man needs help. C) The man likes his job.
B) The man is complaining. D) The man is talking with his boss.
9. A) Wear a new dress. C) Attend a party.
B) Make a silk dress. D) Go shopping.
10. A) He played his part quite well. C) He performed better than the secretary.
B) He was not dramatic enough. D) He exaggerated his part.
Section B Compound Dictation
注意：听力理解的B节（Section B）为复合式听写（Compound Dictation），答案必须写在试卷二上。现在请取出试卷二。
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for the general idea. Then listen to the
passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to
fill in the blanks numbered S1 to S7 with the exact word you have just heard. For
blanks numbered S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You
can either use the exact word or write down the main points in your own words.
Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you
have written.
If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably (S1) ________ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and (S2) _________ now. You probably don't spend much time worrying about the (S3) _________ future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4)_________, how you will take care of yourself in your (S5)_________ years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S6)_________ your mind once in a while. However, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become (S7)________ important to you.
(S8) ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________ that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently, researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9)__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________, giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. (S10) _______ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic (预言的) because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.
Consider also the belief that “the phone always rings when I’m in the shower.” If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesn’t ring, that nonevent probably won’t even register (留下印象).
People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths “happen in threes.” Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.
We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schelling explains, “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy, “This way everyone ranks high on his own scale”.
Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious (谨慎的)in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.
11. In the first paragraph the author states that _____.
A) dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come true.
B) dreams are prophetic because some of them did come true.
C) dreams may come true if clearly remembered.
D) dreams and reality are closely related.
12. By “things like...” “happen in threes” (Para. 3, Line 2), the author indicates that people
believe _____.
A) personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and then.
B) personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen together.
C) misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patterns.
D) misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime.
13. The word “courtesy” (Para. 4, Line 6) probably means _____.
A) good manners. C) friendly relations.
B) appropriate speech D) satisfactory service.
14. What can be inferred from the passage?
A) Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.
B) In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.
C) People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.
D) Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.
15. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.
A) there is some truth even in the wildest dreams.
B) one should take notice of other people’s merits.
C) there is no order or pattern in world events.
D) we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidence.
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help th em earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.
But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that dose to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommen dation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out — often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves — they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and don’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t ab sorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does n’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things —maybe it’s just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.
16. According to the author _____.
A) people used to question the value of college education
B) people used to have full confidence in higher education
C) all high school graduates went to college
D) very few high school graduates chose to go to college
17. In the second paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to _____.
A) high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education
B) college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis
C) college students who aren’t any better for their higher education
D) high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college
18. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because _____.
A) young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching, at college
B) many young people are required to join the army
C) young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education
D) young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school
19. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that
_____.
A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B) high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education
C) too many students have to earn their own living
D) college administrators encourage students to drop out
20. The “surveys and statistics” mentioned in the last paragraph might have shown that _____.
A) college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated people
B) college education was not the first choice for intelligent people
C) the less schooling one has the better for him
D) most people have sweet memories of college life
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favourable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man’s societies are already suffi ciently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.
It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man’s societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.
The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.
The units may be “secondary”— machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately, any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.
Such creatures might be relics (遗种) of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favourable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favoured planet.
21. What does the word “cheer” (Para. 1, Line 2) imply?
A) Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.
B) Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.
C) Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.
D) Imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of
life on other planets.
22. Humans on Earth today are characterized by _____.
A) their existence as free and separate beings
B) their capability of living under favourable conditions
C) their great power and effectiveness
D) their strong desire for living in a close-knit society
23. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually _____.
A) human societies will be much more cooperative
B) man will live in a highly organized world
C) machines will take control over man
D) living beings will disappear from Earth
24. Even most imaginative people have to admit that ______.
A) human societies are as advanced as those on some other planets
B) planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay
C) it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human body
D) organisms are more creative than machines
25. It seems that the writer _____.
A) is interested in the imaginary life forms
B) is eager to find a different form of life
C) is certain of the existence of a new life form
D) is critical of the imaginative people
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in int erpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode (把…编码) or decode(理解) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined; speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.
26. The author is convinced that the eyes are ______.
A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas
B) something through which one can see a person’s inner world
C) of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
D) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate
27. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ______.
A) whose front view is fully perceived B) whose face is covered with a mask
C) whose face is seen from the side D) whose face is free of any covering
28. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on t heir conversation partner’s neck
because _____.
A) they don’ t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
B) they need not communicate through eye contact
C) they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
D) they didn’t have much opportunity to com municate through eye contact in babyhood
29. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to
_____.
A) one temporarily glancing away from the other
B) eye contact of more than one second
C) improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact
D) constant adjustment of eye contact
30. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants _____.
A) not to wear dark spectacles C) not to glance away from each other
B) not to make any interruptions D) not to make unpredictable pauses
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the
sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single
line through the centre.
31. Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to make the ____
from one culture to another.
A) translation C) transmission
B) transportation D) transition
32. We____ that diet is related to most types of cancer, but we don’t have definite proof.
A) assure C) ascertain
B) suspect D) suspend
33. The opposition party demanded many ____ alterations in their government’s foreign policy.
A) series C) reciprocal
B) radical D) slack
34. Advanced computer technology has _____ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.
A) set up C) filled in
B) come up with D) faced up to
35. The __________ of the concert was Paul Simon’s solo performance accompanied by guitar.
A) herd C) highlight
B) schedule D) flashlight
36. Not all persons arrested and ____ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal
courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.
A) sentenced C) persecuted
B) accused D) charged
37. The new tourist hotel will have _____ for more than one thousand people.
A) convenience C) capability
B) accommodations D) capacities
38. When Dr. Perry slapped one animal _____, a thick cloud of resident moths flew into the air.
A) in the back C) in its back
B) on the back D) on his back
39. He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably _____ after a meal and a rest.
A) renewed C) reshaped
B) recreated D) refreshed
40. His intelligence and experience will enable him to _____ the complicated situation.
A) cope with C) interfere in
B) settle down D) interfere with
41. Scientists continue to speculate _________ causes sunspots.
A) for what C) whatever
B) what about D) about what
42. He obviously displays a great _____ for some of your poems.
A) consent C) respect
B) admiration D) pleasure
43. Dr. Jones checked the patient’s ________ carefully before making his diagnosis.
A) symbols C) synopsis
B) symptoms D) signals
44. The fire must have _____ after the staff had gone home.
A) broken down C) broken out
B) broken up D) broken off
45. Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to
_____ it.
A) maintain C) endure
B) persist D) sustain
46. With the constant change of the conditions, the outcome is not always ____.
A) favorable C) dependable
B) predictable D) reasonable
47. A series of border incidents would _____ lead the two countries to war.
A) inevitably C) uniformly
B) consistently D) persistently
48. The guards were accused of _______ the prisoners in order to make them confess.
A) torturing C) kicking
B) cheating D) slapping
49. Instead of answering the question, the manager ____ his shoulders as if it were not
important.
A) shrugged C) raised
B) touched D) patted
50. As college English teachers, it’s our task to ____________ the essence of College English
Curriculum Requirements.
A) imply C) impact
B) impose D) implement
51. Those who book airline tickets are supposed to present their _________ cards.
A) identification C) identical
B) identity D) status
52. I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may
still be derived _____ it.
A) of C) from
B) off D) with
53. Animals can become unusually _____ when they are upset by a sudden environmental
change.
A) puzzled C) vigorous
B) confused D) aggressive
54. Where in the ________ have they put my car?
A) hell C) damn
B) hall D) heaven
55. The policemen frustrated the robbers _______ their attempt to rob the bank.
A) on C) of
B) at D) in
56. Last year, these ships transported a total of 83.34 million tons of cargo, a 4.4 percent
increase _____ the previous year.
A) over C) up
B) than D) beyond
57. After fire broke out in the department store, people ________ in utter confusion.
A) flied C) flocked
B) fled D) flowed
58. My chance encounter with a village boy was just an _______ in my journey.
A) echo C) indication
B) incident D) episode
59. Louis was asked to _____ the man who stole her purse.
A) confirm C) claim
B) recognize D) identify
60. The bus that _____ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.
A) held back C) got down
B) pulled up D) set forth
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there arc four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE
that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the center.
What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can
you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first
time you __61__ thunder or watched a television 61. A) listened C) felt
B) touched D) heard program? Adults seldom __62__ e vents much 62. A) involve C) interpret earlier than the year or so before entering school, B) recall D) resolve
just as children younger than 3 or 4 __63__ 63. A) largely C) rarely
retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety B) merely D) really
of explanations have been __64__ by psychologists 64. A) canceled C) figured
for this “childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One B) proposed D) witnessed argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain
which is responsible for forming memories, does
not mature __65__ about the age of two. But the 65. A) until C) once
B) after D) since
most popular theory __66__ that, since adults do 66. A) magnifies C) intervenes
B) contains D) maintains
not think like children, they cannot __67__ child- 67. A) reflect C) attain
hood memories. Adults think in words, and their B) access D) refer
life memories are like stories or __68__ — one 68. A) narratives C) forecasts
B) regulations D) descriptions event follows __69__ as in a novel or film. But when 69. A) the rest C) another
B) the other D) others
they search through their mental __70__ for early 70. A) outputs C) dreams childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, B) flashes D) files
they don’t find any that fits the __71__. It’s like 71. A) footstep C) pattern
trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. B) frame D) landscape Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New
York State University offers a new __72__ for child- 72. A) emphasis C) arrangement
B) explanation D) factor
hood amnesia. She argues that there simply __73__ 73. A) aren’t C) weren’t
any early childhood memories to recall. According to B) isn’t D) wasn’t
Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use __74__ 74. A) anyone else C) anyone else’s spoken description of their personal experiences in B) some else D) someone else’s order to turn their own short-term, quickly __75__ 75. A) forgotten C) remembered impressions of them into long-term memories. In B) forgetting D) remembering other __76__, children have to talk about their 76. A) senses C) cases
B) words D) means experiences and hear others talk about __77__—77. A) him C) theirs
B) it D) them
Mother talking about the afternoon __78__ looking 78. A) used C) chosen
for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about B) taken D) spent
their day at Ocean Park. Without this __79__ rein- 79. A) habitual C) verbal forcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form B) pretty D) mutual
__80__ memories of their personal experiences. 80. A) permanent C) conscious
B) subordinate D) spiritual
试卷二
姓名_____________ 班级_____________ 学号______________ Part I Listening Comprehension
Section B Compound Dictation
S1. ______________ S2. ______________ S3. ______________ S4. ____________ S5. ______________ S6. ______________ S7. ______________
S8. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ S9. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ S10. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Changes in China’s Foreign Trade. You should write at least 120 words, and base
your composition on the chart and the outline given below:
1. 请描述中国对外贸易的变化；
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因。
The Changes in China’s Foreign Trade
1952 1957 1963 1978 1983 1990 1998
The Changes in China’s Foreign Trade
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
全国年高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码精编WORD版
全国年高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程 代码精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试 语言学概论试题 课程代码：00541 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．下列关于“语言”的说法，不正确 的一项是（） ．．． A．语言就是人们说出来的话B．语言是一种有声符号系统 C．语言系统由多个子系统组成D．语言是人类最重要的交际工具 2．下列属性中，风声、雨声、喷嚏声、咳嗽声均不具有 的一项是（） ．．． A．生理属性B．自然属性 C．社会属性D．物理属性 3．下列各组元音中，都属于圆唇元音的一组是（） A．[i，u] B． C．D．[o，y] 派生构词的一项是（） 4．下列词语中，不属于 ．．．
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试卷代号电大期末试卷答案
试卷代号电大期末试卷答 案 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
试卷代号：1186 一、选择题 二、填空题 11.防御 12.私营企业 13.城市规划 14.煤烟型 15.信息 三、名词解释 16.是多元主体共同参与的，在不同行政关系影响下，以城市这一空间、经济、社会的运行为对象活动。 17. 指地理上邻近的国家或地区，为了维护共同的经济利益和加强经济联系与合作相互间通过契约和协定，在区域内步消除成员国间的贸易壁垒，进而协调成员国间的社会经济政策，形成一个跨越国界的商品、资本、人员和劳务等自由流通的统一的经济区域的过程。 四、简答题 18.答：（1）培育多元主体共治 （2）对城市政府职能重新定位 （3）管理手段上注重引入私营部门的先进理念和方法 19.答：（1）城乡分割，协调性较差 （2）结构雷同,特色不明显。 （3）城镇体系不健全,协同效应不足。
（4）强调行政催化作用,缺乏产业支撑。 （5）重视外延拓展,忽视内在功能完善 （6）传统制度的约束功能仍然存在，阻隔了城乡的融洽 20.答：（1）稳步推进城市化 （2）调整国民收入分配结构，加大对农村的支持力度。 （3）建立全国统一的劳动力市场 （4）精简乡镇政府机构 （5）依靠科技和制度创新繁荣农村经济 五，论述题 21.答：（1）全面导入绿色GDP，人文GDP的目标绩效观。所谓“绿色GDP”，就是从现行GDP中扣除环境资源成本和对环境资源的保护服务费用。绿色GDP指标，实质上代表了国民经济增长的净的正效应。绿色GDP占GDP的比重越高，表明国民经济增长的正面效应越高，负面效应越低，反之亦然。。“人文GDP”就是为了保障人的健康和全面发展，是人与自然和谐相处的可持续发展，应将“经济GDP”、“人文GDP”和“绿色GDP”放在同等重要的位置。多层面的政府绩效考核体系的建立健全是建设和谐社会的重要制度基础之一。 （2）构建敏捷城市，提高城市对外部环境变化的敏捷反应能力。当今世界处在信息爆炸的时代，城市要在瞬息万变的环境中抓住有利的信息，结合自身条件，做出相应的对策，才能赢得发展机会。也就是要创建“敏捷城市”，其中包括三方面的内容：信息敏捷。依托快捷、准确、畅通的信息来源和上传下达渠道，并在大量的信息中进行及时高效的筛选，保证决策者在第一时间获取精练实用的信息。就此，正在迅猛发展的数字城市技术不但提供了技术支撑，而且
(完整版)R语言代码试题答案步骤
R version 3.4.3 (2017-11-30) -- "Kite-Eating Tree" Copyright (C) 2017 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) R是自由软件，不带任何担保。 在某些条件下你可以将其自由散布。 用'license()'或'licence()'来看散布的详细条件。 R是个合作计划，有许多人为之做出了贡献. 用'contributors()'来看合作者的详细情况 用'citation()'会告诉你如何在出版物中正确地引用R或R程序包。 用'demo()'来看一些示范程序，用'help()'来阅读在线帮助文件，或 用'help.start()'通过HTML浏览器来看帮助文件。 用'q()'退出R. [原来保存的工作空间已还原] > h=read.csv("F://1.csv",header=true) Error in read.table(file = file, header = header, sep = sep, quote = quote, : 找不到对象'true' > h=read.csv("F://1.csv",header=TRUE) > h 地区x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 y 1 北京7535 2639 1971 1658 3696 8474 2 87475 106.5 1. 3 24046 2 天津7344 1881 1854 1556 2254 61514 9317 3 107.5 3.6 20024 3 河北4211 1542 1502 1047 120 4 38658 36584 104.1 3.7 12531 4 山西3856 1529 1439 906 1506 44236 33628 108.8 3.3 12212 5 内蒙古5463 2730 1584 1354 1972 46557 6388 6 109.6 3. 7 17717 6 辽宁5809 2042 1433 1310 1844 41858 56649 107. 7 3.6 16594 7 吉林4635 2045 1594 1448 1643 38407 43415 111.0 3.7 14614 8 黑龙江4687 1807 1337 1181 1217 36406 35711 104.8 4.2 12984 9 上海9656 2111 1790 1017 3724 78673 85373 106.0 3.1 26253 10 江苏6658 1916 1437 1058 3078 50639 68347 112.6 3.1 18825 11 浙江7552 2110 1552 1228 2997 50197 63374 104.5 3.0 21545 12 安徽5815 1541 1397 1143 1933 44601 28792 105.3 3.7 15012 13 福建7317 1634 1754 773 2105 44525 52763 104.6 3.6 18593 14 江西5072 1477 1174 671 1487 38512 28800 106.7 3.0 12776 15 山东5201 2197 1572 1005 1656 41904 51768 106.9 3.3 15778 16 河南4607 1886 1191 1085 1525 37338 31499 106.8 3.1 13733 17 湖北5838 1783 1371 1030 1652 39846 38572 105.6 3.8 14496 18 湖南5442 1625 1302 918 1738 38971 33480 105.7 4.2 14609 19 广东8258 1521 2100 1048 2954 50278 54095 107.9 2.5 22396
最新l0月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试传感器与检测技术试卷课程代码2202汇总
2007年l0月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试传感器与检测技术试卷课程代码 2202
2007年l0月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 传感器与检测技术试卷 (课程代码2202) 本试卷共5页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 总分题号一二三四五 核分人题分24 12 24 24 16 复查人得分 一、单项选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题2分．共24分)在每小 题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．传感器的分辨力越高，表示传感器【】 A．迟滞越小 B．重复性越好 C．线性度越好 D．能感知的输入变化量越小 2．属于传感器静态特性指标的是【】 A．量程 B．阻尼比 C．临界频率 D．固有频率 3．适合于使用红外传感器进行测量的被测物理量是【】 A．转速 B．温度 C．厚度 D．加速度 4．在下述位移传感器中，既适宜于测量大的线位移，又适宜于测量大的角位移的是【】 A．电容式传感器 B．电感式传感器 C．光栅式传感器 D．电阻应变式传感器 5．测量范围小的电容式位移传感器的类型为【】 A．容栅型 B．变介质型 C．变极距型 D．变极板面积型 6．当某些晶体沿一定方向受外力作用而变形时，其相应的两个相对表面产生极性相反的电荷，去掉外力时电荷消失，这种现象称为【】 A．压阻效应 B．压电效应 C．应变效应 D．霍尔效应 7．热敏电阻式湿敏元件能够直接检测【】 A．温度 B．温度差 C．绝对湿度 D．相对湿度 8．红外光导摄像管中红外图像所产生的温度分布可以在靶面上感应出相应电压分布图像的物理基 础 是【】 A．压电效应 B．电磁感应 C．光电效应 D．热电效应 9．便于集成化的有源带通滤波器由运算放大器和【】 A．RC网络组成 B．LC网络组成 C．RL网络组成 D．RLC网络组成 10．在典型噪声干扰抑制方法中，差分放大器的作用是【】 A．克服串扰 B．抑制共模噪声 C．抑制差模噪声 D．消除电火花干扰 11．已知信号x(t)与y(t)的互相关函数R xy()，当=0时相关程度最高，则y(t)与 x(t)的互相关函数尺，R yx()相关程度最高时，应满足【】A．τ<0 B．τ=0 C．τ>0 D．τ=l 12．若周期信号x(t)的基波角频率为ω，则其周期为【】 A． ω 1 B． ω π 2 C． ω π D． ω π2 二、填空题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)请在每小题 的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。 13．在不致引起规定性能指标永久改变的条件下，传感器允许超过测量范围的能力称为 _______ ____________。 14．检测系统中．模拟式显示在读数时易引起____________________误差。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2
关于试卷生成系统的论文和源代码
前言 高校教务管理工作中一项重要的工作是考试管理工作，每学期从各专业考试，从组织出卷到试卷的印刷及试卷的管理等工作非常繁琐且工作量大，这种组织管理方式不仅工作任务繁重而且试卷的标准化程度、难易程度、题量大小等各方面难以控制，难以形成有效的试题库，不利于充分发挥历年来的优秀试题以及试卷的作用，给试题和试卷的管理带来很多问题和困难。鉴于这种情况，利用计算机进行试卷的自动生成并逐步积累形成有效的试题库，对试题和试卷的管理将变的高效和快捷，对提高工作效率，使试卷管理逐步走向正规化和自动化将起到十分重要的作用。它解决传统手动出卷的很多问题。例如：避免了不必要的重复劳动，节约了人力资源及时间；使用科学的衡量、评价及统一试卷难易度、试卷的质量的有效手段；大幅度降低了试卷出现错漏缺的机率，减少了不必要的麻烦。 基于要克服以上问题，该试卷生成系统应具有以下功能： ●题库管理：根据用户需求，系统应该能够维持一个存有数千道以上试题的题库。 系统应当允许教师在获得权限的情况下随时能够进行试题补充．且试题的题型可有多种多样．试题难度、区分度也有不同。操作员能够按照自己的需要，随时可以对题库中已有的试题进行修改、删除，同时还可以查询和浏览试题。 ●出卷管理：根据用户提出的要求，可以进行人工组卷和自动组卷。另外，从题 库中抽取全部所需的试题之后，要求系统能够按照一般试卷的编排要求，将抽取的试题进行排版，并以标准的格式输出到Word文档中。同时，也应能够生成试卷的标准答案并输出到Word文档中。 ●权限管理：系统管理员可以增加或删除操作人员并指定操作人员的权限，可对 用户权限进行修改，从而保证系统在实施中的灵活性。 该系统已基本满足教学需要，为实现教学改革，改变传统的出卷方式，实现教考分离起到了积极的促进作用。但程序仍还有诸多有待完善的地方，程序并未充分优化。随着计算机技术的不断发展和普及，将会对教学工作提出更高的要求，该系统必须要不断地改进，从而使得教学工作更加合理和快捷。
全国2010年1月自考课程代码01511现代管理实务试题及答案
2010年01月湖北省高等教育自学考试 现代管理实务试卷答案 一、单项选择题 (本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、未选均无分。 1．管理的核心是（C） A．明确分工 B．指挥协调 C. 整合资源 D. 有效控制 2. 在管理学发展史上，被称为“现代经营管理之父”的是（B） A. 韦伯 B．法约尔 C．泰罗 D. 梅奥 3. 下列表述中，不属于菲德勒“权变领导”理论内容的是（D） A．领导是一种人际关系 B. 最高领导者应当学会分析工作环境 C. 领导绩效取决于领导风格与领导环境的匹配程膨 D. 最优的领导方式是固定的 4．Y理论认为人（C） A. 生而好逸恶劳 B. 反对改革 C. 能够实行自我控制 D. 易于受骗 5. 良好激励的基本前提是（B） A. 公众的满意度和对社会的奉献度 B. 实现组织目标 C．服务于个人需要 D. 高水平的努力 6. 柔性管理的最终目标是（B） A．激励员工 B. 让员工自觉行动 C. 建立感情认可 D. 提高员工对组织的认可 7. 效益管理原理的评价标准是（A） A. 效益 B. 效果 C. 效率 D. 利益 8. 下列选项中，对组织产生间接影响的环境因素是（D） A. 信息 B. 服务对象 C. 竞争对手 D. 自然环境 9. 新经济时代条件下，为提高应变能力，组织结构应趋向于（A） A. 扁平化 B. 虚拟化 C. 金字塔 D. 网络化 10. 要素大幅度改变的环境被称为（C）
A. 稳定环境 B. 复杂环境 C. 动态环境 D. 简单环境 11. 高层管理者所需的见识、协调、技术这三类才能的结构比例应当是（B） A．18：35：47 B．47：35：18 C．42：35：23 D．31：42：27 12．将管理者划分为集权型、分权型、放任型的标准是（D） A．管理层级 B. 管理者管理活动的侧重点 C. 管理成败与优劣 D. 管理者对权力的控制程度 13. 把组织目标、组织内部部门目标、人员目标的实现情况，与事先确立的组织目标及其分解的情况进行比较，判断是否完成所设置的目标，以确定组织绩效的方法是（A） A．目标管理评估法 B. 工作标准法 C. 对比法 D. 因素评估法 14. 协助主管人员决策和领导的职权是（D） A. 直线职权 B. 职能职权 C. 执行职权 D. 参谋职权 15. 有效的控制标准必须是（C） A．由高层管理者制定的 B. 易达到的 C. 可观察可衡量的 D. 有差别的 16．绩效管理过程的起点是（A） A. 绩效计划 B．绩效沟通 C．绩效评估 D. 绩效反馈 17. 行政方法有效实施的前提是（A） A. 强制性 B．权威性 C．直接性 D. 垂直性 18．下列选项中属于现代法律方法的是（C） A. 规定 B. 投入产出分析 C. 仲裁 D. 货币政策 19．从根本上说，管理活动是（C） A．财力的管理 B. 人的管理 C. 效率的管理 D. 物力的管理 20. 电子商务的核心是（D） A. 网络 B．效益 C．企业竞争力 D. 人 21. 推动现代管理技术进一步发展的重要手段是（A） A．电子计算机技术的产生与广泛应用 B. 社会分工细化 C. 生产规模扩大 D. 全面计划管理 22. 从创新与环境的关系来分析，管理创新可分为（B）
试卷代码
试卷代码： 南京城市职业学院2014-2015学年度第一学期 测试技术 考试试题 专业： 学号： 姓名： 2014年11月 一、选择题（每题1分，共20分） 1.测试技术的基本任务是 。 2.信号的时域描述，以 为独立变量；而信号的频域描述，以 为 独立变量。 3.周期信号的频谱具有三个特点： 、 、 。 4.描述随机信号的时域特征参数有 、 、 。 5.为了获得测试信号的频谱，常用的信号分析方法有 和 。 6.传感器的灵敏度越高，就意味着传感器所感知的 越小。 7.一个理想的测试装置，其输入和输出之间应该具有 关系为最佳。 8.金属电阻应变片与半导体应变片的物理基础的区别在于：前者利用 引 起的电阻变化，后者利用 变化引起的电阻变化。 9.电感式和电容式传感器常采用差动方式，不仅可提高灵敏度，且能改善或消除 。 10.电涡流传感器是利用 材料的电涡流效应工作，可分为 透射 式和高频 式两种，其中前者常用于材料厚度的测量。 11.根据电容器参数变化的特性，电容式传感器可分为极距变化型、面积变化型 和 。 二、填空题（每题2分，共20分） 1.不能用确定的数学公式表达的信号是 信号。 A 复杂周期 B 非周期 C 瞬态 D 随机
2.系统在全量程内，输入量由小到大及由大到小时，对于同一个输入量所得到的 两个数值不同的输出量之间的最大差值称为。Array A 回程误差 B 绝对误差 C 相对误差 D 非线性误差 3.在测量位移的传感器中，符合非接触测量而且不受油污等介质影响的 是传感器。 A 电容式 B 压电式 C 电阻式 D 电涡流式 4.电阻应变片的输入为。 A 力 B 应变 C 速度 D 加速度 5.变极距型电容传感器的输出与输入，成关系。 A 非线性 B 线性 C 反比 D 平方 6.非线性度是表示定度曲线的程度。 A 接近真值 B 偏离其拟合直线 C 正反行程不重合D滞后现象 7.压电式传感器的转换原理是利用晶体材料的。 A 电阻应变效应 B 压电效应 C 电磁感应 D 霍尔效应 8.当τ→∞时,信号x（t）的自相关函数Rx（τ）呈周期性变化,说明该信 号。 A 为周期信号 B 含有周期成份 C 为离散信号 D 为非周期信号 9.自相关函数一定是函数。 A 奇 B 偶 C 周期 D 非周期 10.信号有多种类型，从分析域上看，经典的分析方法有__ ___。 A 时域法，相频法 B 时域法，幅频法 C 相频法，幅频法 D 时 域法，频域法 三、判断题（用√或×表示，每题1分，共10分） 1. ( ) 测试工作的任务主要是要从复杂的信号中提取有用信息。 2. ( ) 一个理想的测试装置，其输入和输出之间应具有线性关系为最佳。 3. ( ) 非周期信号的频谱是连续的。 4. ( ) 各态历经随机过程一定是平稳随机过程。 5. ( ) 测量装置的灵敏度越高，其测量范围就越大。 6. ( ) 压电加速度计的灵敏度越高，其工作频率越宽。 7. ( ) 滑线变阻器式传感器不适于微小位移量测量。 8. ( ) 当τ＝0时，自相关函数值最小值。
自学考试职业生涯规划及管理试卷及答案代码
2013全国高等教育自学考试《职业生涯规划与经管》试卷及答案 课程代码：10052 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卷”上的相应字母涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1. 1908年在波士顿创建职业局的人是 A，帕森斯B.舒伯C.霍兰德D.泰德曼 2.作为大学生，寻找职业信息的理想环境中两个最好的信息来源地是 A.心理咨询中心和信息室 B.生涯图书馆和学校生涯中心 C.生涯图书馆和劳动力市场 D.教育行政部门和劳动人事部门 3.决策制定综合阶段的两个层面是 A.细化和具体化 B.执行和评估 C.认知和反馈 D.操作与监督 4.知识社会的核心概念是 A.有财富的人 B.有权力的人 C.受过教育的人 D.有天赋的人 5.第二次工业革命的标志是 A.蒸汽机的发明 B.石油的使用
C.生物技术的应用 D.微芯片的使用 6.思考生涯发展的认知信息加工方法的提出时间是 A. 1991年 B. 2001年 C. 1981年 D. 1971年 7·改变或重述反映在一个句子或陈述中的元认知或思维的过程被称为A重构B.知觉C.记忆D.建构 8. CASVE循环中的C指的是 A.分析 B.沟通 C.综合 D.执行 9.下列属于符号分析服务类工作的是 A.会计师 B.主妇 C.门卫 D.收银员 10.下列属于非营利性组织的是 A.律师事务所 B.家政公司 C.税务局 D.环保基金会 单选题答案： 1、A 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、A 10、D 二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 11.彼得森等人鉴别出的生涯决策者类型有
2018年4月自学考试全国统一命题考试计算机网络技术试卷课程代码.02141
2018年4月自学考试全国统一命题考试计算机网络技术试卷 (课程代码02141) 一、单项选择题：本大题共l0小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1．载波的频率随数字基带信号的变化而变化，这种调制方式称为 A．调幅B．调相 C．调频D．正交幅值调制 2．将通信信道的传输信号在时域内划分为多个等长的时隙，每路信号占用不同的时隙，从而实现信道共享，这种多路复用技术称为 A．频分多路复用(FDM) B．时分多路复用(TDM) C．波分多路复用(WDM) D．码分多路复用(CDM) 3．TCP／IP参考模型包括4层，从上至下分别为应用层、传输层、网络互联层和 A．物理层B．表示层 C．会话层D．网络接口层 4．以太网的MAC帧格式有两种标准，即以太网V2和 A．IEEE 802．2 B．IEEE 802．3 C．IEEE 802．5 D．IEEE 802．11 5．礤地址30．52．212.18的地址类别为 A．A类地址B．B类地址 C．C类地址D．D类地址 6．HTML标记
的作用是 A．设置超文本连接 B．中断文本中某一行，其后文字开始新一行 C．文件主体部分的标题标记 D．其后的内容是网页头部 7．无线局域网Wi-Fi所采用的协议是 A．IEEE 802．3 B．IEEE 802．5 C．IEEE 802．11 D．IEEE 802．12 8．用户访问万维网文档，万维网文档之间的链接，以及将万维网文档中的数据传送到用户计算机，实现这些功能所采用的协议是
A．ICMP B．SNMP C．HTTP D．IMAP 9．千兆位以太网1000Base-T，数据传输率己提高到l000Mbit／s，其传输介质为 A．同轴电缆B．单模光纤 C．多模光纤D．5类或超5类UTP 10．以太网交换机是以太网的扩展设备，它工作在OSI七层参考模型的 A．物理层B．数据链路层 C．网络层D．传输层 二、填空题：本大题共15空，每空1分，共15分。 11．根据网络的覆盖范围分类，计算机网络可以分为局域网、__城域网____、广域网和互联网。 12．按拓扑结构来分类，计算机网络可分为总线形网络、星形网络、__树形网络____、环形网络和网状网络。 13．常用的数据传输同步方式有同步式和_异步式_____两种。 14．计算机网络定量的性能指标有__速率____、带宽、端到端延迟和吞吐量等。 15．同步时分多路复用和异步时分多路复用的主要区别是：在同步时分多路复用中，分配给每个信号源的时隙是____固定的__ (固定的／不固定的)，各个信号源的时隙不可互相转让。 16．数据在通信系统中的传输有多种方式，按传输的信号是否需要经过调制分为频带传输和_基带传输_____。 17．网络协议一般包括3个基本要素，即语法、_语义_____和同步。 18．根据设备在计算机网络中逻辑位置的不同，计算机网络设备可以分为终端设备和设备。 19．对于B类IP地址，其网络号字段占__2____个字节。 20．对lPv6地址7C62：0000：0000：0000：0000：0000：53FA：0000进行化简，结果为__7C62::53FA:0000____。 21．无线以太网采用__总线型____拓扑结构。
试卷代号：1340
试卷代号：1340 中央广播电视大学2012—2013学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试(开卷) 古代小说戏曲专题试题 2013年1月 一、选择(每题1分，共10分) 1．下列故事中不属于志人小说《世说新语》的是( )。 A. 管宁割席B．刘伶纵酒 A. 过江诸人 D. 干将莫邪 2. 蔡伯喈是戏曲名作( )中的主要人物。 A. 《琵琶记》 B. 《荆钗记》 C. 《白兔记》D．《小孙屠》 3．李千金是元代杂剧( )的女主人公。 A. 《曲江池》B．《望江亭》 C. 《潇湘雨》 D. 《墙头马上》 4. 小说《儒林外史》借着( )这个形象表达了对披着科举功名外衣的乡绅的讽刺。 A. 杜少卿B，席方平 C. 严贡生 D. 虞育德 5．《狂鼓史渔阳三弄》是明代戏曲作家( )的代表作。 A. 徐渭B．王衡 C. 康海 D. 杨显之 6．下列作品中不属于关汉卿的是( )。 A. 《救风尘》 B. 《单刀会》 C. 《看钱奴》D．《窦娥冤》 7．清代小说《荡寇志》的作者( )。 A. 俞万春B．陈忱 C．李百川D．袁枚 8．小说《封神演义》在题材类型上属于( )。 A．历史演义小说B．英雄传奇小说 C．世情小说 D. 神魔小说 9．梁辰鱼的名作《浣纱记》是第一部用( )演唱的的传奇，此后这种声腔几乎统治了曲坛。 A．弋阳腔B．余姚腔 C．昆山腔D．海盐腔 10．十三妹是小说( )的主要人物。 A．《三侠五义》B．《儿女英雄传》 C．《好逑传》D．《醒世姻缘传》 二、填空(每空1分，共10分) 11．所谓“三言”是冯梦龙的小说集《醒世恒言》、《》和《警世通言》的合称。 12．明代白话短篇小说反映了当时社会择偶标准的变化，如《》中的莘瑶琴就爱上了忠诚善良的小贩秦重。 13．文言小说集《搜神记》和《阅微草堂笔记》的作者分别是和。 14．晚清作家刘鹗的小说《》借走方郎中老残的所见所闻，揭示了当时 社会的黑暗和腐败。