高中英语 选修9-选修11 词汇复习

附录

选修⑨—选修?阅读词汇自主积累

[编写说明]由于受教学课时所限，大部分学校未能开设选修⑨—选修?，在此强化这三个模块词汇的积累，有助于扩大学生的词汇量，提升阅读理解水平。

[选修9]

Unit 1

1．approximate/?′pr?ksIm?t/adj.近似的；大概的

approximately/?′pr?ksIm?tlI/ad v.近似地；大约地

The questionnaire takes approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.(2009·湖北高考多项选择)

问卷调查用大约10至15分钟完成并与考核面试结合起来。

2．adjustment/?′d??stm?nt/n.调节；调整

make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整

adjust (oneself) to调节；使……适应

Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.

我正努力适应这里的新环境，这时王平出现了。

3．tough/t?f/adj.强硬的；困难的

4．extreme/Iks′tri?m/adj.极端的；偏激的

5．unfit/?n′fIt/adj.不适宜的；不太健康的

be unfit to do sth.不适合做某事

be unfit for sth. 不适合；不称职

As a child he was very unfit and was not at all interested in sports.

小时候，他身体很虚弱，一点儿也不喜欢运动。

6．fascinate/′f?sIneIt/v t.使着迷；入迷

fascinating adj.吸引人的；迷人的

fascination n．魅力；入迷

The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.

孩子们被商店橱窗里的玩具吸引住了。

7．meditation/?medI′teI?n/n.沉思；冥想

He was deep in meditation and didn't see me come in.

他正在沉思，没有看见我进来。

8．spiritual/′spIrItj??l/adj.精神上的

9．accomplish /?′k ?mplI ?/v t .完成；实现

10．motivation /?m??tI ′veI ?n/n .动机

11．soul /s ??l/n .灵魂；心灵；精神

As a soldier, you should serve people heart and soul.

作为一名士兵，你应该全心全意为人民服务。

12．conception /k ?n ′sep ?n/n .主意；计划

13．repentance /rI ′pent ?ns/n .后悔

14．wisdom /′wIzd ?m/n .智慧

15．virtue /′v ??tju?/n .美德

16．noble /′n ??bl/adj .高尚的；贵族的n .贵族

17．doom /du?m/v t .注定；判决n .厄运；毁灭

doom sb./sth. to ...注定……

Those who support the independence of Taiwan are doomed to fail.

那些支持台独的人注定会失败。

18．bid /bId/ v t . & v i .出价；投标n .出价；投标

(1)bid for /on sth. 为某物而投标/出价

bid ???

for sth.to do sth. 努力争取(做)某事 (2)make a bid for sth.为某事投标；试图得到某物

Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.

有几家公司投标争取建造新音乐厅的合同。

19．amateur /′?m ?t ?/n .业余爱好者

20．courageous /k ?′reId ??s/adj .勇敢的；有胆量的

Unit 2

1．exploration /?ekspl?：′reI ?n/n .探险；探测

2．minimum /′mInIm ?m/n .最低限度；最小值adj .最低的；最小的

maximum n ．最高限度；最大值adj .最高的；最大的

We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the

summer.

冬天我们最少有28人住在这，夏天最多有125人。

3．equator /I ′kweIt ?/n .赤道

4．horizon /h ?′raIzn/n .地平线；视野

Travel is a kind of study because it broadens one's horizons.

旅游是一种学习，因为它使人视野开阔。

5．secure/sI′kj??/adj.安全的；可靠的

6．random/′r?nd?m/adj.任意的；随便的

at random随意地；任意地

Although police could be seen everywhere, they seemed to be searching the houses almost at random.(2012·湖北八校二次联考)

虽然警察随处可见，但他们似乎是在随意地搜寻房间。

7．awkward/′?：kw?d/adj.难使用的；笨拙的

8．reference/′ref?r?ns/n.参考

refer to提及；查阅；参考

You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.(2012·江西高考单项填空)

你最好把那家餐馆的电话号码写下来以便将来查看。

9．precise/prI′saIs/adj.精确的；准确的

If you want to be a scientist, you must learn to make very precise measurements.

如果你想成为科学家，你必须学会精确测量。

10．portable/′p?：t?bl/adj.轻便的；手提的；便携的

11．tendency/′tend?nsI/n.趋向；倾向

(1)have a tendency to/towards ...有……的倾向

(2)tend v．趋向；倾向；易于……，多与to连用

Parents who tend to sing to their children may help with children's development of language skills.(2013·浙江六校联考)

那些常常给孩子们唱歌的父母可能会帮助他们提升语言技能。

12．cliff/klIf/n.悬崖；峭壁

13．reform/rI′f??m/n.改革；革新

14．departure/dI′pɑ?t??/n.出发；离开

15．crew/kru?/n.(轮船、飞机等上的)工作人员；(工作)队

16．deposit/dI′p?zIt/v t.放；(把钱)存入银行

—May I help you?

—I'd like to open a new account to deposit this money.(2012·河南三市第二次调研)

——我能帮您什么吗？

——我想开一个新账户把这钱存进去。

17．dilemma/dI′lem?，daI-/n.进退两难的局面

18．drawback/′dr??b?k/n.缺点；障碍

The drawback is that ...缺点是……

The advantage is that ...优点是……

The only drawback of the plan is that it will cost too much money.

这项计划的唯一缺点就是花费太大。

19．routine/ru?′ti?n/n.常规；日常事务

20．reckon/′rek?n/v t.计算；估计

21．psychology/saI′k?l?d?I/n.心理学

psychologically/?saIk?′l?d?IklI/ad v.心理上地；心理学地

22．tension/′ten?n/n.紧张；不安；张力

23．set loose出发；开始

24．tear/te?/v t.(tore/t??/，torn/t??n/)扯破；撕破

tear up撕碎tear down拆除

tear apart 撕开；扯开tear at撕……

It's time some of these old apartment blocks were torn down.

其中一些旧的住宅楼该拆了。

Unit 3

1．barrier/′b?rI?/n.障碍物；栅栏；屏障

Though Diana met with the language barrier, she was always going ahead while at college.(2011·福建高考完形)

上大学时，虽然戴安娜遇到语言障碍，但她一直努力上进。

2．adequate/′?dIkwIt/adj.适当的；足够的；胜任的

be adequate for sth.某物充足

be adequate to (doing) sth. 胜任……

Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.

大多数环境问题存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。

3．ecology/I′k?l?d?I/n.生态学；生态

4．defence/dI′fens/n.防卫；辩护

(1)in defence of为了捍卫……

in sb.'s/sth.'s defence为某人/某物辩护

(2)defend sb./sth. against/from ...

保卫某人/某物免受……

defend oneself自卫

defend sb.为某人辩护

Hundreds of thousands of people gave their lives in defence of freedom.

成千上万的人为了捍卫自由而献出了自己的生命。

5．migrant/′maIgr?nt/n.移居者；移民；候鸟

6．via/′vaI?，′vi??/prep.经；通过；经由

7．superb/sju?′p??b/adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的

8．tropical/′tr?pIkl/adj.热带的

9．heritage/′herItId?/n.遗产；继承物

10．out of respect出于尊敬

out of curiosity出于好奇心

I kept silent out of respect for him.

出于对他的尊敬，我保持沉默。

11．reservation/?rez?′veI?n/n.保留；预定

make/have a reservation 预定

reserve v t. 保留；预定

“It's such a nice place.” Mother said as she sat at the table reserved for customers.(2012·浙江高考单项填空)

“这个地方真不错。”，当妈妈坐在为顾客预定的桌子旁时说。

12．correspond/k?rIs′p?nd/v i.通信；符合

correspond with与……通信

You must bear in mind that your actions should correspond to your words.

你必须记住言行务必要一致。

13．authority/??'θ?rItI/n.权力；权威；当局

14．desperate/′desp?rIt/adj.不顾一切的；绝望的

His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures.

不断增加的经济困难迫使他采取了铤而走险的办法。

15．wind/waInd/v t.(wound, wound)绕；缠

wind one's way蜿蜒前进

Can I wind my window down?

我可以把我这边的窗子摇下来吗？

16．paralyze/′p?r?laIz/v t.使瘫痪；使麻痹

17．snatch/sn?t?/v t.攫取；抢走

18．unconscious/?n′k?n??s/adj.不省人事；未发觉的；无意识的

Unit 4

1．exotic /Ig′z?tIk/adj.异国情调的；外来的；奇异的

2．conflict/′k?nflIkt/n.斗争；冲突

(1)a conflict of interests 利益冲突

a conflict of opinions 意见分歧

(2)in conflict (with)(与……)相抵触；(和……)不一致

She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.

她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在分歧。

3．endeavour/In′dev?/n.尽力；竭力

make every endeavour to do sth.尽力做某事

The manager is expected to make his endeavours to promote the artist's career.

经纪人应以最大努力来推动其演艺人的事业发展。

4．restriction/rIs′trIk?n/n.限制；约束

(1)restriction on/against对……的限制

(2)restrict v．限制；限定；约束

restrict sb. to将某人限定在……(to为介词)

We have been asking the government to lift the restrictions on/against foot export. 我们一直要求政府解除对食品外销的限制。

5．fluency/′fl??nsI/n.流利；流畅

fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的

be fluent in 在某方面熟练的

You couldn't imagine our prime minister was fluent in eight foreign languages.

你想象不到我们的总理能流利地说八种外语。

6．shave/?eIv/v t.& v i.剃；刮

7．thunderstorm/′θ?nd?st??m/n.雷雨；雷暴

8．dove/d?v/n.鸽子

9．botanist/′b?t?nIst/n.植物学家

10．lower/′l???/v t.降低；跌落；减弱

lower a flag降旗

lower expenses/one's voice/pressure

减少开支/压低嗓门/减轻压力

She lowered her eyes, shaking her head slightly.

她垂下眼睛，轻轻地摇了摇头。

11．ripe/raIp/adj.熟的；成熟的

12．irrigation/?IrI′geI?n/n.灌溉

13．weed/wi?d/n.野草；杂草

14．postpone/p??st′p??n/v t.推迟；延迟

postpone doing ...推迟做……

postpone ... to/till/until ... 推迟至……

The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.(2012·江苏高考单项填空)

下午两点左右消息传来说会议将被延期。

Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.

我们等有更多信息之后再作决定吧。

15．monument/′m?nj?m?nt/n.纪念碑；纪念馆

16．delicate/′delIk?t/adj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的

17．fragrant/′freIgr?nt/adj.芬芳的；香的

18．dull/d?l/adj.不鲜明的；阴暗的

19．musty/′m?stI/adj.发霉的；有霉味的

Unit 5

1．advertiser/′?dv?taIz?/n.登广告者；广告客户

advertise v t.登广告

advertisement n. 广告

2．target/′tɑ?gIt/n.靶子；目标；对象

set a target 设定目标

meet/achieve a target 完成/达到目标

Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.

给自己制订有望达到的目标。

3．lane/leIn/n.车道；行车线

4．feature/′fi?t??(r)/n.特征；特点v t. & v i.以……为特色；特写

5．conscience/′k?n??ns/n.良心；道德心

This is a matter of individual conscience.

这关系个人的良知。

6．corporation/?k??p?′reI?n/n.公司；法人；社团

7．budget/′b?d?It/n.预算

8．expense/Ik′spens/n.费用；代价

at one's expense由某人付钱

at the expense of 由某人付费；以……为代价

spare no expense 不惜代价

He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.

他创建的企业很成功，但这一切却是以牺牲自身健康为代价的。

9．visual/′vI???l/adj.看的；视觉的

I have a very good visual memory.

我过目不忘。

10．generate/′d?en?reIt/v t.产生；发生

11．response/rIs′p?ns/n.回答；响应；反应

(1)a quick response迅速的答复

make no response to the question

没有对提问作答

in response (to)作为(对……的)回答/反应

(2)respond to a letter回信

respond with a smile以微笑应答

The government acted in response to economic pressure.

政府为对付经济压力而采取了行动。

12．have no use for不需要；厌恶；对……不耐烦

To be honest, I have no use for people who don't make an effort.

诚实地说，我厌恶那些不努力的人。

13．refresh/rI′fre?/v t.使消除疲劳；使振作精神

They sleep better and wake up feeling more refreshed.

他们的睡眠质量提高了，醒来后感到更有精神。

14．spokesman/′sp??ksm?n/n.发言人

15．chairman/′t?ε?m?n/n.主席

16．mature/m?′tj??/adj.成熟的；到期的

17．fashion/′f??n/n.样式；流行；时尚

be out of fashion过时

follow/keep pace with (the) fashion 赶时髦

a fashion show 时装表演

18．misleading/mIs′li?dI?/adj.易误解的；令人误解的

19．alcoholic/??lk?′h?lIk/adj.酒精的；含酒精的n.酗酒者；酒鬼

20．promote/pr?′m??t/v t.促进；提升

Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.

认真倾听可以表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系。

The young man has been promoted (to be) manager of the sales department.

这位年轻人已被提升为销售经理。

21．offending/?′fendI?/adj.令人不愉快的；伤害人感情的22．beware/bI′we?/v i.小心；谨防

Motorists have been warned to beware of icy roads.

已经提醒开车的人当心冰封的路面。

23．consumer/k?n′sju?m?/n.消费者；顾客

24．trustworthy/′tr?st?w??eI/adj.可依赖的；可靠的

[选修10]

Unit 1

1．venture/′vent??/n.(有风险的)商业、企业v i. & v t.冒险；敢于去It was wrong to venture his financial security on such a risky deal.

他以自己稳定的财政作赌注去做风险这么大的交易是错误的。2．endurance/In′dj??r?ns/n.忍耐；持久；耐(性)

beyond endurance忍无可忍

endure v t. 忍耐；忍受

The party turned out to be more of an endurance test than a pleasure.

这次聚会结果成了一次耐心测试，而不是一件乐事。

3．hut/h?t/n.小屋；棚屋

4．unbearable/?n′be?r?bl/adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的

5．cosy/′k??zI/adj.舒适的；安逸的

6．block out封闭

Black clouds blocked out the sun.

乌云遮住了太阳。

7．blacken/′bl?k?n/v t.使变黑

8．bless/bles/v t.祝福；保佑

be blessed with赋有(能力等)；享有(幸福)等

She is blessed with excellent health.

她身体很好，是一种福气。

9．seasickness/′si?sIknIs/n.晕船

10．steward/stj??d/n.(轮船、飞机等)乘务员；膳务员

11．mourn/m??n/v i. & v t.哀悼；忧伤

12．urgent/′??d??nt/adj.急迫的；紧急的

urge v t. 敦促；力劝

urgency n. 紧迫

Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.

一天中的每分钟都排满了亟待解决的事情。

13．cheerful/′t?I?f?l/adj.愉快的；高兴的

14．persevere/?p??sI′vI?/v t.坚持

perseverance/?p??sI′vI?r?ns/n.坚持不懈

Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.

虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。

They showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty.

面对困难他们表现出了坚强的毅力。

15．give way to让路；让步

John gave way to the old lady and let her pass.

约翰让路给老太太通过。

It's her mother's fault for giving way to her too often.

过于经常顺从她是她母亲的过错。

16．booming/′bu?mI?/adj.发轰隆声的

17．swear/swe?/v t.宣誓；发誓

I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.

我可以对天发誓，这跟我一点关系也没有。

18．freezing/′fri?zI?/adj.冰冻的；严寒的

19．gratitude/′gr?tItju?d/n.感激；感恩

express one's gratitude to sb.对某人表达感激之情

be grateful to sb. for sth.因某事感激某人

I can hardly express my gratitude to you for your help.

对于你的帮助，我真是难以表达我的感激之情。

20．optimism/′?ptImIzm/n.乐观；乐观主义

optimistic adj.乐观的；抱乐观看法的

pessimistic adj.悲观的

have an optimistic attitude towards对……持乐观态度

I admire Helen because she is optimistic about life.

我敬佩海伦，因为她对生活积极乐观。

21．discourage/dI′sk?rId?/v t.使……气馁

(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

(2)discouraged adj.泄气的；失去信心的

discouraging adj.令人泄气的；使人沮丧的

We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.

除特定区域外，我们禁止吸烟。

22．grasp/grɑ?sp/v t.抓住；抓紧；掌握

23．liver/′lIv?/n.肝脏

24．caution/′k???n/n.小心；谨慎；警告

25．admirable/′?dm?r?bl/adj.令人钦佩的；绝妙的；极好的

26．commitment/k?′mItm?nt/n.许诺；委托事项；承担义务

Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big commitment, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.(2011·湖北高考多项选择)

放弃自己的工作回到学校接受全日制的教育，这是一项很大的投入，但现在我知道了，这是我作出的最好的决定。

27．proverb/′pr?v??b/n.谚语

Unit 2

1．respectful/rI′spektfl/adj.恭敬的；尊重人的

disrespectful/?dIsrI′spektf?l/adj.失礼的；无礼的

disrespectfully/?dIsrI′spektf?lI/ad v.失礼地；无礼地

2．shorten/′???tn/v t.缩短；使变短

3．modernize/′m?d?naIz/v t.使现代化

4．burden/′b??dn/n.担子；负担v t.担负

bear/reduce/share the burden承受/减轻/分担重担

I don't want to burden you with my worries.

我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。

5．allocate/′?l??keIt/v t.分派；分配

A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.

已划拨了大批款项给图书馆购买新书。

6．adore/?′d ??/v t.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

7．pray/preI/v t.祈祷；恳求；请

8．bridegroom/′braIdgr?m/n.新郎

bride n．新娘

9．distribute/dI′strIbju?t/v t.分发；分配

distribution n．分配；分发

distributive adj.分配的；分发的

The firm should distribute on the principle of equal pay for equal work.

公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。

10．contradict/?k?ntr?′dIkt/v t.同……矛盾或抵触；反驳

contradict oneself 自相矛盾

on the contrary 正相反

Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.

你的行为和你标榜的道德原则相抵触。

11．on behalf of代表……

on one's behalf代表

Mr. Knight can't be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf/on behalf of him. 奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。

12．beyond question无可争辩；毫无疑问

without question 毫无疑问

out of the question 不可能

Without question she's here in town. I saw her a few minutes ago with my own eyes.

她肯定在这城里，几分钟之前我还亲眼看到她的。

13．speak out大胆地说；大声地

14．pack up把……打包；整理

I carefully packed up the gifts.

我小心翼翼地把礼品包好。

15．give away送掉；泄露

He gave away most of his money to charity.

他把他的大部分钱捐赠给了慈善事业。

16．innocent/′In?snt/adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的

17．sacrifice/′s?krIfaIs/n.牺牲；献身；祭品v t.牺牲；献出

sacrifice sth. for为……奉献……

sacrifice sth. to do sth.为做某事奉献……

He sacrificed a promising career to look after his kids.

他为了照看孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。

Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.

为让她接受良好的教育，她的父母作出了很多牺牲。

18．make a name出名

19．confirm/k?n′f??m/v t.确定

20．rewind/ri?′waInd/v t.重绕；倒回

21．cash/k??/n.现金v t.兑现

22．cheque/t?ek/n.支票

23．signature/′sIgnIt??/n.签名；署名；信号

24．vacant/′veIk?nt/adj.空的；空缺的

25．insult/′Ins?lt/n. 侮辱；凌辱v t./In′s?lt/侮辱；凌辱

I do not see why he should insult me by saying that.

我不明白他为什么要说那些话来侮辱我。

26．scold/sk?uld/v t.责骂；斥责

scold sb. for sth.为某事而责骂某人

My mother scolded me for leaving the refrigerator open.

妈妈责备我没有关上冰箱门。

27．loyal/′l?I?l/adj.忠诚的；忠实的

be loyal to对……忠诚

28．drunken/′dr??k?n/adj.醉的；常醉的

29．scratch/′skr?t?/n. & v t.抓；挠；刮

Unit 3

1．register/′red?Ist?/n.登记；注册v t.登记；注册

2．prohibit/pr?′hIbIt/v t.禁止；阻止

prohibit sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

Traffic regulations prohibit us from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.

交通法规禁止我们在人行道上骑自行车。

3．offence/?′fens/n.冒犯；违法行为

offend v t.冒犯；得罪

offensive adj.冒犯的；得罪人的

It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law, we receive a heavy punishment.

如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，就会被认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。

I'm sure he meant no offence when he said that.

我相信他那么说并无冒犯之意。

4．separation/?sep?′reI?n/n.分离；分开

(1)separate v t.分开；分离

separate ... from ... 把……分开

(2)separately ad v. 分离地；分别地

But on Thursday, I'm glad to say, this unjust separation of people on the basis of skin color was challenged.

但说起来我很高兴，在星期四，这种根据肤色的不公平的种族隔离受到了挑战。

5．submit/s?b′mIt/v i. & v t.服从；顺从；提交

submit oneself to ... 服从……

submit an application 呈递申请书

It's the duty of a soldier to submit himself to the army.

服从命令是军人的职责。

6．seize/si?z/v t.抓住；逮住；夺取

seize on抓住；利用

He quickly seized on a basic mistake in the argument I was developing.

他很快抓住我在辩论中出现的一个基本错误。

7．negotiate/nI′g???IeIt/v t. & v i.商议；谈判；磋商

negotiation n．谈判；协商

The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we'll never negotiate with criminals.”(2011·湖北高考多项选择)

这位部长说：“我们准备与任何合法的政党进行讨论，但我们永远不会与罪犯谈判。”

8．punctual/′p??ktj??l/adj.守时的；准时的

Being punctual for interview is very important.

面试准时是很重要的。

9．march/mɑ?t?/v i.进军；前进

march on ... 向……行进

on the march 在行军中

Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government buildings.

士兵在政府大楼外面来回练习队列行进。

10．salute/s?′lu?t/v t. & v i.行礼致敬；敬礼

11．resolve/rI′z?lv/n.决心v.决心；决定；解决

She resolved that she would never see him again.

她决心再也不见他了。

12．bomb/b?m/n.炸弹v t.投弹于；轰炸

13．supreme/sju?′pri?m/adj.最高的；极度的

14．fundamental/?f?nd?′mentl/adj.基础的；基本的

The fundamental cause of his success is his hard work.

他成功的根本原因是他工作努力。

15．skim/skIm/v t.浏览；轻轻掠过

16．discrimination/dI?skrImI′neI?n/n.歧视

It seemed as if the battle against racial discrimination was gradually being won.

好像同种族歧视进行的斗争就要获胜了。

17．philosophy/fI′l?s?fI/n.哲学；人生观

18．commit/k?′mIt/v t.犯罪；做(不合法的或错的事)；承诺

(1)commit murder谋杀

commit suicide自杀

(2)commitment n．承诺；保证；信奉；献身；委任

Why so many people can commit suicide every year?

为什么每年有那么多的人会自杀呢？

19．dominate/′d?mIneIt/v t. & v i.支配；占优势

Unit 4

1．efficient/I′fI?nt/adj.有效率的；效率高的

efficiently ad v.有效率地；效率高地

Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life easier and more efficient, have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.(2010·江西高考单项填空) 尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更方便且更有效率了，但是却减少了面对面交流的需要。

2．competent/′k?mpIt?nt/adj.有能力的；能胜任的

competence/′k?mpIt?ns/n.能力；胜任；权限

Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.(2011·江苏高考单项填空)

教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业技能水平。

Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.

要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。

3．up to ...取决于……

—Shall we go out?

我们可以出去吗？

—It's up to you.

由你决定。

It's up to you to make a decision.

由你做出决定。

4．digest/dI′d?est, daI′d?est/v t.消化；理解

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

He read rapidly but did not digest anything.

他阅读速度虽快但什么也领会不了。

5．preview/′pri?vju?/v t.预习；事先查看

6．in detail详细地

Would you please explain the theme in detail?

您是否能详细地说明一下主题？

7．assess/?′ses/v t.评定；评估

It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.

这些变化带来的效果难以评估。

8．consult/k?n′s?lt/v t.请教；咨询；商量

consult sb. about/on就……向某人征求意见

consult one's doctor看医生

Have you consulted your lawyer about this?

你就此事咨询过你的律师了吗？

You shouldn't have done it without consulting me.

你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。

9．shabby/′??bI/adj.破旧的；褴褛的

10．rainbow/′reInb??/n.彩虹

11．acute/?′kju?t/adj.敏锐的

12．bent/bent/adj.弯曲的

13．cab/k?b/n.(＝taxi)出租汽车；计程车14．currency/′k?r?nsI/n.货币；通货

15．acquisition/??kwI′zI?n/n.获得；习得

He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.

他把时间用在获取知识上。

16．album/′?lb?m/n.唱片集；(收集相片、邮票等的)册17．resemble/rI′zembl/v t.像；类似

She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.

她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。

18．messy/′mesI/adj.肮脏的；凌乱的；杂乱的19．tiresome/′taI?s?m/adj.令人厌烦的；烦人的20．bonus/′b??n?s/n.奖金；红利；津贴

21．concrete/′k?nkri?t/具体的；有形的

concrete evidence/proof确凿的证据/证明

It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract.

结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。

Unit 5

1．recount/rI′ka?nt/n.叙述；描述v t.叙述

2．prejudice/′pred??dIs/n.偏见；成见

3．consensus/k?n′sens?s/n.共识；共同意见

The two parties have reached a consensus.

这两个政党达成了一致意见。

4．equality/I′kw?l?tI/n.同等；平等

Equality before the opportunity, but not everyone has the opportunity. 机会面前人人平等，但不是人人都拥有机会。

5．contradiction/?k?ntr?′dIk?n/n.反驳；矛盾

6．limitation/?lImI′teI?n/n.限制；局限性

7．obstacle/′?bst?kl/n.障碍；阻碍

8．under the name of ...用……的名字；在……的名字下

He cheated me under the name of friendship.

他以友谊为名欺骗了我。

9．sceptical/′skeptIkl/adj.怀疑性的；持怀疑态度的

10．see through to看穿；识破

We immediately saw through what he had in mind.

我们马上就看穿了他的心。

11．approval/?′pru?vl/n.赞成；承认

I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.

没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。

12．outspoken/a?t′sp??k?n/adj.坦率直言的

13．concession/k?n′se?n/n.让步；让与某人之物

14．burglar/′b??gl?/n.窃贼

15．inspect/In′spekt/v t.检查；视察

inspector n．检查员；巡视员

inspection n. 检查；视察

After the crash both drivers got out and inspected their cars for damage. 汽车相撞后，两位司机都下车检查车辆受损情况。

16．collar/′k?l?/n.衣领

17．squirrel/′skwIr?l/n.松鼠

18．discount /dIs ′kaunt/v t .不信任；减少；不重视n .折扣；打折

at a discount 打折扣

At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection.

起初，虽然不喜欢他，但她并没有漠视他的爱。

19．decline /dI ′klaIn/v t . & v i .拒绝；衰退；下降

on the decline 衰退；没落；下坡

In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford.(2012·山东高考阅读B)

尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。

20．at length 最后；详细地

At length she changed her mind about him and gave him her hand.

终于，她改变了自己对他的看法，并同意嫁给他。

21．enquire /In ′kwaI ?/v t .询问

22．against one's will 违心地

I was forced to sign the agreement against my will.

我被迫违心地签了这份协约。

23．do everything in one's power to 竭尽全力做某事

24．initial /I ′nI ?l/adj .最初的；初始的

25．sensible /′sens ?bl/adj .有感觉的；明智的

It's sensible of you to take his advice.

你听从他的忠告是明智的。

[选修11] Unit 1

1．graze /greIz/v i .放牧；吃草；吃零食

Parents have been warned against allowing children to graze on snacks.(牛津P892)

家长得到忠告不要让孩子乱吃零食。

2．carve /k ɑ?v/v t .雕刻；切开

3．uninhabited /??nIn ′h?bItId/adj .无人居住的；杳无人迹的

4．extinction /Ik ′stI?k?n/n .灭绝；绝种

5．scarce /ske ?s/adj .缺乏的；不足的

??

???scarcely ... when ...hardly ... when ...no sooner ... than ...刚……就

It is reported that food is becoming scarce.

据报道食物越来越紧缺。

Scarcely had he put the phone down when the doorbell rang.

他刚放下电话，门铃就响起来了。

6．wipe out清除；垮台

If the world becomes less unfair and people have better education, much of the poverty can be wiped out.(2012·湖北武汉适应性训练)

如果这个世界变得更加公平，人们接受的教育能再好点儿，许多贫穷是可以彻底消除的。

7．representative/?reprI′zent?tIv/n.代表

8．ownership/′??n??Ip/n.所有权；物主身份

9．unrest/?n′rest/n.不安的状态；动乱

10．fasten/′fɑ?sn/v t.系牢；拴紧；使固定

fasten the seatbelt系上安全带

fasten ... to ... 把……拴到……

Fasten the gates securely so that they don't blow open.

把大门闩好以免被风吹开。

11．appetite/′?pItaIt/n.食欲；胃口；要求；欲望

have a good/poor appetite胃口好/不好

lose one's appetite食欲不振

have an appetite for渴望……；强烈欲望……

The walk gave me a good appetite.

散步使我胃口大开。

12．laundry/′l??ndrI/n.洗衣店

13．brunch/br?nt?/n.早午餐；晚早餐

14．statistics/st?′tIstIks/n.(pl)统计；统计数字

15．eco-friendly/′i?k???frendlI/adj.对生态环境友好的；不妨害生态环境的

eco-friendly products环保型产品

16．not to mention不必提及；更不用说

Don't mention it.(答复别人道谢时用语)不用客气。

mention v t.提及；说到

When starting your own business, you shouldn't think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month's vacation.

创业期间，你别想有一天的空闲时间，更别说乘飞机去度假一个月了。

He mentioned the plan to me at dinner.

晚餐时他跟我提起了那个计划。

17．recreation/?rekrI′eI?n/n.娱乐；消遣

We play basketball once a week for recreation.

我们每周打一次篮球作为娱乐。

18．get around到处走动

19．extensive/Ik′stensIv/adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的20．pace/peIs/n.速度；步调

at a steady pace以稳定的步伐

keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱

Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests. 学生按自己的节奏学习，老师很少安排考试。21．insurance/In′???r?ns/n.保险

22．insure/In′???/v t. & v i.(常与against连用)保险；确保23．theft/θeft/n.盗窃

24．handy/′h?ndI/adj.近便的；便利的；容易取得的25．consultant/k?n′s?lt?nt/n.顾问；咨询者

26．guidance/′gaId?ns/n.指导；指引

27．database/′deIt?beIs/n.数据库；基本数据；资料库28．cater for sb./sth.为某人提供；适合某人的需要

The class caters for all ability ranges.

这个班对各种不同能力的人都适合。

29．enquiry/In′kwaI?rI/n.询问；探究

Unit 2

1．detect/dI′tekt/v t.侦查；探测；检定

The tests are designed to detect the disease early.

这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。

2．fingerprint/′fI?g?prInt/n.指纹；手印

3．stain/steIn/n.污点；污处

4．surgeon/′s??d??n/n.外科医生

5．abnormal/?b′n??ml/adj.不正常的；反常的；变态的

an abnormal phenomenon反常的现象

They thought his behaviour was abnormal.

他们认为他的行为反常。

6．by law根据法律

7．imprisonment/Im′prIznm?nt/n.关押；监禁8．assessment/?′sesm?nt/n.评估；评价