三年高考(2012-2014)英语试题分类解析 定语从句
2012-2014高考英语试题分类解析
定语从句
(2014安徽卷)22．The exact year______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A. When
B. where
C. why
D. which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：安吉拉与他的家人一起在中国度假的年份2008年。定语从句的先行词是the exact year，它定语从句中作动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故D正确。
【语言知识】定语从句的常见用法：
(2014may seek opportunities abroad.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个利润主要来自国内的公司可在国外寻找机会。定语从句的先行词是A company, 它与定语从句中作主语的名词profits之间有所有关系，所以用关系代词whose引导起定语从句。Whose profits相当于the profits of which或of which the profits。故B正确。
【语言知识】Decline
1. (力量、体力、精力上)衰退，衰落，衰老，衰弱，减弱
His health has been declining these past weeks. 过去几周里他的健康状况变得越来越坏。
2. (价格、产值、人口等)下降，减少
The president said that the gross national product had declined by a big margin. 总统说国民生产总值已大幅度下降。
The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. 员工人数已从217000人减少到114000人。
3. 谢绝[正式]
He declined their invitation. 他谢绝了他们的邀请。
He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely. 他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。
4. 下降n
Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists. 官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。
(2014北京卷)26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我从图书馆里借了Sherlock Holmes，这是同学推荐给我的。句中先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，它在定语从句中作动词recommend的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故B正确。
【语言知识】限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(2014福建卷)31. Students should involve themselves in community activities______ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参加社区活动，在社区活动中他们能够获得成长经验。定语从句的先行词是community activities，它在从句中起状语的作用，可译为“在社区活动中”，所以用关系副词来where或in which引导定语从句。故D正确。
【语言知识】用关系副词where引导定语从句时，它的先行词有时不表示一个明确的地方，可以是诸如business, point, situation, case, activity, talk show, exciting rides, race, job之类的词。如：
Her idea is for a business where high school students volunteer to do small tasks for old people. 她的想法是成立一家公司，这家公司中的高中学生志愿者帮助老人做一些小事。
After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do. 毕业后，她面临着需要决定在她的职业中做什么的决定。
If you find yourself in a situation where you feel anxious, a few deep breaths will make you feel less frightened and more resilient. 如果你遇到自己身处某一个环境下时感到了焦虑，那么几次深呼吸将减少你的恐惧、增加你的弹力。
I am pretty fortunate to have a job where I make my own schedule. 我感到非常幸运，因为我的工作允许我安排自己的日程。
Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. 竞争被看作是一个公开、公平的竞赛，胜利总是归于跑得最快的人，而不管他的社会阶级背景。
(2014湖南卷)31.I am looking forward to the day ______ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as
B. why
C. when
D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我一直期待着有一天女儿能够阅读这本书了解我对她的感情。定语从句中先行词是the day，其后的定语从句结构完整，它在从句中起状语的作用，所以用关系副词when定语从句。故C正确。
(2014江苏卷)22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work______ a good impression is a must.
A. which
B. when
C. as
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。定语从句的先行词是work，它在从句中起状语的作用，可译为“在工作中”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故D正确。
【语言学习】用关系副词where引导定语从句时，它的先行词有时不表示一个明确的地方，有些时候可表示一些抽象意义的地点，如：business, point, situation, case, activity, talk show, exciting rides, race, job, work, occasion等。如：
This is a show where we talk about religions, spirituality culture and ethics, anything that comes to mind. 这是一个关于宗教，灵性,文化，道德的节目，还有一些与之相关的事物。
Visitors can go on exciting ride s where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 游客可以乘车参加令人刺激的兜风，感受他们在电影里看见的主角所经历的感觉。
To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 对对那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员来说，舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉重要的活动。
They take as evidence some cases where the woman's share in inheritance is half that of man as proof of their claim. 他们把有些妇女的继承权是男子继承权的一半这样的案例作为支持他们这种言论的证据。
Today we'll disc uss some cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天我们讲讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do. 毕业后，她面临着需要决定在她的职业中做什么的决定。
An important part of the interview is creating a situation where someone can show you how smart they are. 面谈的重点之一就在于建立情境，让某人能向你展示他有多聪明。
It is collaborative work where creative ideas and unusual insights are encouraged and exchanged. 这是一项需要合作的工作。在小组中鼓励和交换创新思想和不同寻常的观察力。
(2014江西卷)28. Among the many dangers______ sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog .
A. which
B. what
C. where
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在士兵不得不面对的很多危险中，最大的危险也许是雾。定语从句的先行词是the many dangers，它在定语从句中作动词face的宾语，所以用which引导定语从句。
(2014陕西卷)13. Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：请把申请这个职位的那位候选人的所以信息都给我。定语从句的先行词是all the information，指物，它关系词在从句中做及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that。故A正确。
【语言学习】引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，不管关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语都可替换使用。
He bought a mobile phone that／which looks like a lighter．（作主语）他买了一个样子像打火机的手机。
I've found the book that／which he lost three days ago．（作宾语）我找到了他三天前丢的那本书。
【语言学习】但在下面几种情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，而不用which。1．先行词是复合不定代词everything，anything，nothing等时。
She didn't forget anything that her mother had told her to buy．她没忘记妈妈让她买的任何东西。注意：先行词是something时，关系代词用that或which都可以。例如：
I want to buy something that／which the old men like to eat．我想买点老人喜欢吃的东西。2．先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。
This is the first textbook that I studied in the primary school．这是我在小学学的第一本教科书。He is in the last row that is next to the window．他在挨着窗户的最后一排。
3．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
That is the highest building that I have seen．那是我见到过的最高的大楼。
Have you worked out the most difficult maths problem that our teacher told us to do？你解出老师让我们做的那道最难的数学题了吗？
4．先行词是或被all，no，some，any，little，much等修饰时。
I've written down all that（＝what）the teacher doesn't allow us to do．我已记下了老师不允许我们做的一切事情。
They haven't got any dictionaries that we need．他们没有我们所需要的任何字典。
5．先行词被the only，the very，the same等修饰时。
This is the very novel that you want to borrow．这就是你想借的那本小说。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。例如：
I need the same dictionary that／as you have．我需要同你的一样的字典。
关于as的用法，我们以后在高中阶段还会学到。
6．先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard．他给我们讲了我们从没听到过的人和事。
7．主句是以who，which引导的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that you spoke to just now？你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？
Which is the book that you want to borrow？你想要借的书是哪一本？
8．先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is no longer the country that it used to be．中国再不是以前那样的国家了。
(2014四川卷)4. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.