2017年6月 四级真题详解---段落匹配

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

本文主要介绍了少数人拥有超强记忆的原因，讨论了他们的幸运和不幸。

The Blessing and Curse of the People Who Never Forget

拥有超强记忆之人的福与祸

A handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail—and after years of research，neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.

有少数人几乎能回忆起他们生活中每天的大量细节。经过多年研究之后，神经科学专家终于开始了解他们是怎么做到的。

HSAM

E)‘Highly superior autobiographical memory’ (or HSAM for short),first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named Jill Price.Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. Could he help explain her experiences?

E）（43）这种“超级自传体记忆”（简称HSAM）首次进入公众视野是在21世纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔·普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起12岁以来毎一天的生活。麦克高夫能

否帮助解释她的经历？

43. A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.

43.【定位】由题干中的A young woman，explanation 和brain scientist 定位到文章E）段。

E）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段提到，—位名叫吉尔·普菜斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起12岁以来每一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？题干中的her unusual memory 是对定位段中she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12的概括。整个题干是对定位段的概括归纳，故答案为E）。

36. People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.

拥有“超级自传体记忆”者在记忆非个人信息方面和普通人一样。

37. Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM.

幻想倾向不一定会导致人们形成“超级自传体记忆”。

38. Veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.

在遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细节。

人名，专有名词易定位—— B）C）段

39. Many more people with HSAM started to contact researchers due to the mass media.

得益于大众传媒更多的“超级自传体记忆”者开始和研究者取得了联系。40. People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid focusing on the past.

“超级自传体记忆”者不得不努力不去关注过去。

41. Most people do not have clear memories of past events.

大部分人对过去发生的事件没有淸晰的记忆。

42. HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing.

“超级自传体记忆”是福也是祸。

43. A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.

一位年轻女士发现自己的超常记忆力向脑科学家寻求解释。

44. Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.

一些“超级自传体记忆”者发觉忘掉不愉快的记忆非常困难。

45. A recent study of people with HSAM reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.

一项关于拥有“超级自传体记记”者的研究表明他们有幻想倾向和全神贯注于某种活动的倾向。

A) For most of us, memory is a mess of blurred and faded pictures of our lives. As much as we would like to cling on to our past, even the saddest moments can be washed away with time.

A）（41）对于大多数人而言，记忆就像一本逐渐模糊褪色的人生画册。无论我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随着时间而消逝。

41. Most people do not have clear memories of past events.

41.【定位】由题干中的Most people，memories和past定位。

A）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段指出，对于大多数人而言，记忆就橡一本逐渐模糊褪色的人生画册。无论我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随着时间而消逝。也就是说，大部分人对过去发生的事件没有淸晰的记忆。题干是对定位段的概括，故答案为A）。

B) Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of the train he was sitting on his journey to work. “My memory is like a library of video tapes, walk-throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping,” he explains.

B）但是，如果你问尼玛·维瑟过去15年中任意一天在做什么，他会告诉你从当天的天气状况到他的衣着，甚至他去上班时坐在火车的哪一侧等所有细节。“我的记忆就像一个存放录像带的图书馆，完全记录我生活中从睁眼醒来到入睡的每一天，”他解释道。

C) Veiseh can even put a date on when those tapes started recording: 15 December 2000, when he met his first girlfriend a t his best friend’s 16th birthday party. He had always had a good memory, but the thrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind: from now on, he would start recording his whole life in detail. “I could tell you everything about every day after that. ”

C）（38）维瑟甚至能说出这些“录像带”开始录像的时间：2000年12月15日。那天，他在最好朋友的16岁生日晚会上遇见了他的初恋女友。他之前记忆力一直都很好，但是年轻爱情的冲动似乎拨动了他脑中的某个机关。从那以后，他开始能记录一生中的每个细节。“我能告诉你从那以后每天发生的所有事。”

38. Veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.

38.【定位】由题干中的Veiseh和first young love定位到文章C）段。

C）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段主要介绍了维瑟的超强记忆启动的经历：在最好朋友的生日晚会上遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细节。题干是对定位段的概括总结，故答案为C）。

D) Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists （神经

科学专家）hoping to understand the way the brain records our lives. A couple of recent papers have finally op ened a window on these people’s extraordinary minds. And such research might even suggest ways for us all to relive our past with greater clarity.

D）毋庸多言，那些想了解大脑如何记录人类生活的神经科学专家对维瑟这样的人抱有极大的兴趣。最近一些学术论文终于揭开了这些人的非凡记忆力的冰山一角，这些研究甚至可能指引我们找到方法去更加淸楚地重现我们过去的生活。

A）—D）段以尼玛·维瑟的超强记忆力为例，说明科学家对超强记忆的兴趣，及对此研究的意义。

E)‘Highly superior autobiographical memory’ (or HSAM for short),first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named Jill Price.Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. Could he help explain her experiences?

E）（43）这种“超级自传体记忆”（简称HSAM）首次进入公众视野是在21世纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔·普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起12岁以来毎一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？

F) McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day. True to her word, she was correct almost every time.

F）麦克高夫邀请她来他的实验室，并开始对她进行测试：他给出一个日期，让她说出那天发生的世界大事。结果不悖其言，她几乎每次都能回答正确。

G) It didn’t take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her “total recall”, and thanks to the subsequent media interest, a few dozen other subjects (including Veiseh) have since come forward and contacted the team at the University of California, Irvine.

G）（39）没用多长时间，杂志和纪录片导演便来了解她的“全面回忆”。得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括维瑟）自告奋勇，与加利

福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。

39. Many more people with HSAM started to contact researchers due to the mass media.

39.【定位】由题干中的contact, due to和media定位到文章G）段。

G）【精析】同义转述题。定位段指出，得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括锥瑟）自告奋勇，与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。题干中的due to the mass media 是对定位句中的thanks to the subsequent media interest的同义转述；题干中的researchers对应定位句中的the team。故答案为G）。

H) Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred: although they can remember “autobiographical” life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal information, such as random （任意选取的）lists of words. Nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say. And alt hough their memories are vast, they are still likely to suffer from “false memories”. Clearly, there is no such thing as a “perfect” memory—their extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. The question is, how?

H）(36) 有趣的是，他们的记忆是高度自我中心化的：尽管他们能够非常详细地记住“自传式”生活事件，但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。再如，他们也不能更好地记住一圈饮料的顺序。尽管这些人的记忆力非常强大，他们仍然很可能会承受“虚假记忆”之苦。很明显，世上不存在什么“完美无瑕”的记忆——他们产生非凡记忆力的工具和我们普通人所依赖的是一样有瑕疵的。问题在于，怎么会这样？

36. People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.

36.【定位】由题干中的memory和impersonal information定位到文章H）段第一句。

H）【精析】同义转述题。定位句说明了拥有“超级自传体记忆”者的记忆特征是高度自我中心化的；尽管他们能够非常详细地记住“自传式”生活事件，但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。题干中的have the same memory as ordinary people 是对定位句中的seem to be no better than average 的同义转述，故答案为H）。

E）—H）段介绍这项研究的起始情况，提出“超级自传体记忆”（HSAM ）这一概念，指出拥有超强记忆的人其记忆是高度自我中心化的。

I) Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently studied around

20 people with HSAM and found that they scored particularly high on two measures: fantasy proneness (倾向）and absorption. Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity—to pay complete attention to the sensations (感受）and the experiences. “I’m extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail,” explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. “I definitely feel things more strongly than the average person. ”

I）（45）南密西西比大学的劳伦斯·帕特西斯近来研究了差不多20位拥有“超

级自传体记忆”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向，而专注力则是使自己的思维全神贯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。“我对声音、气味和视觉信息非常敏感，”尼古拉·唐纳休解释道，他参加了不少这样的研究，“我对事物

的感受的确比常人更强烈。”

45. A recent study of people with HSAM reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.

45.【定位】由题干中的fantasy，absorption和in an activity定位到文章I）段第一，二句。

I）【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，南密西西比大学的劳伦斯·帕特西斯近来研究了差不多20位拥有“超级自传体记记”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向。而专注力则是使自己的思维全神惯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为I）。

J) The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recollection, says Patihis, and the fantasy proneness means that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. Each time this initial memory trace is “replayed”, it becomes even stronger. In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day—but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.

J）帕特西斯说，专注力帮助他们筑建起记忆的牢固基础，幻想倾向则意味着他们能在接下来的几周或几个月一再重现这些记忆。初次记忆轨迹每被“重播”一

次，记忆就变得越来越强大。某种程度上，在某件大事，比如你的婚礼过后，你也可能会经历这种“重播”过程——但不同的是，拥有“超级自传体记忆”者会在一生中的每一天都进行“重播”，这是他们的其他心理倾向造成的。

K) Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM, though, so Patihis suggests that something must have caused them to think so much about their past. “Maybe some experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed (着迷）with calendars and what happened to them,” says Patihis.

K）（37）但是，不是每一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出“超级自传体记忆”，所以帕特西斯认为一定存在触发他们不停回忆过去的开关。“也许他们童年时代的某种经历使得他们着迷于日历和发生过的事情，”拍特西斯说。

37. Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM.

37.【定位】由题干中的Fantasy和develop HSAM定位到文章K）段第一句。

K）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，不是毎一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出“超级自传体记忆”。题干中的Fantasy proneness是对定位句中的a tendeocy to fantasise的同义转述；题干中的not necessarily对应定位句中的Not everyone。故答案为K）。

I）—K）分析拥有超强记忆的原因，指出拥有超强记忆的人具有更强的幻想倾向和专注力。

L) The people with HSAM I’ve interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. On the plus side, it allows you to relive the most transformative and enriching experiences. Veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. In his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.

L) （42）我所采访的拥有“超级自传体记忆”者肯定都会赞同这种能力福祸相依。好的方面是它可以使人重温最改变人生、最丰富的经历。比如维瑟，他年轻的时候去了很多地方，空闲时间就去参观当地美术馆，而那些画作现在深深扎根于他的自传体记忆中。

42. HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing.

42.【定位】由题干中的HSAM和blessing定位到文章L）段第一句。

L）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提出了文章主题：“超级自传体记忆”是福也是祸。下文分别举例解释福和祸的具体内容。题干中的both a curse and a blessing 是对定位句中的a mixed blessing 的同义转述，意为“祸福相依”，故答案为L）。

M) “Imagine being able to remember every painting, on every wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries,” he says. “That’s a big education in art by itself.” With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.

M）“想象一下能够记起近40个国家的每一个美术馆中每一面墙上的每一幅画，”他说。“这本身就是宏大的艺术教育。”凭借着对艺术史的渊博学识，他因此成了一名专业画家。

N) Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: “I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school. I could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book. ”

N）唐纳休现在是一名历史教师，她同意“超级自传体记忆”对她教育的特定方面有帮助：“我能淸楚记得某些天在学校学到的东西。我能想象老师在说什么，以及书本上看起来是什么样。”

O) Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits，however.Viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret. “It can be very hard to forget embarrassing moments,” says Donohue. “You feel the same emotions—it is just as raw, just as fresh... You can’t turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try. ”Veiseh agrees: “It is like having these open wounds—they are just a part of you,” he says.

O）（44）但不是每个拥有“超级自传体记忆”的人都能体会这些好处。对过去记得太淸楚就会很难从痛苦和遗憾中解脱出来。“很难忘记那些尴尬的瞬间，”唐纳休说，“你会体会那些一样鲜活的情绪……无论多么努力去尝试，你都无法关掉回忆的闸门。”维瑟同意地说道：“就像带着永远无法愈合的伤口——它

们已经成为你的一部分。”

44. Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories. 44.【定位】由题干中的HSAM和find it very hard定位到文章O）段第一、二句。

O）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，不是每一个拥有“超级自传体记忆”的人都能体会这些好处。对过去记得太淸楚就会很难从痛苦和遗憾中解脱出来。题干中的get rid of 和unpleasant memories 分别对应定位句中的get over和pain and regret.。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为O）。

P) This means they often have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest. Bill, for instance, often gets painful “flashbacks”, in which unwanted memories intrude into his consciousness, but overall he has chosen to see it as the best way of avoiding repeating the same mistakes. “Some people are absorbed in the past but not open to new memories, but that’s not the case for me. I look forward to each day and experiencing something new. ”

P）（40）这意味着他们常常不得不付出格外的努力来放下过去的回忆。例如：比尔就常常遭遇痛苦的“闪回”，不想要的冋忆入侵他的意识，不过总体上他选择视其为避免犯同样错误的最佳方法。“有些人沉浸于过去而不愿意开启新的记忆，但我不会这样，我期盼每一天，期盼体验新鲜事物。”

40. People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid focusing on the past. 40.【定位】由题干中的have to make efforts和the past定位到文章P）段笫一句。

P）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，这意味着他们常常不得不付出格外的努力来放下过去的回忆。根据上下文可知，原文中的they指的就是题干中的People with HSAM。题干中的avoid focusing on the past 是对定位句中的lay the past to rest 的同义转述，故答案为P）。

L）—P）段论述拥有超强记忆的能力福祸相依，并举例说明。