2012届二轮资料阅读简答专题3月15

专题六阅读简答

解读考试说明

2007年高考英语湖南卷增加了简答题，作为阅读理解部分的第二节。2010、2011年湖南省《考试说明》则将其纳入书面表达部分，并对本题作了如下改动：共4小题，满分1 O分。前两题各2分(第8 1、82题)，后两题各3分(第83、84题)。

简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用自己的语言简要回答有关文章内容的问题，即在理解文章的基础上考查考生用简单的句子对所读短文的主要信息进行转述的能力。命题有以下几个特点：

1．语篇特点：体裁多为说明文、议论文和记叙文。文章结构严密，脉络清晰，易于把握。

2．选材特点：题材多为考生熟悉的日常生活话题和最新科技发现或发明，易于理解，文章简短。3．设题特点：通常情况下，简答题的设题考查方式有四种，即词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题和推理判断题。题目以考查细节为主，兼顾考查主旨、语义和推理。题目设置对语篇理解的要求既有深度又有广度。问题既涉及词义转换，又涉及对文章整体内容的概括或归纳。

4．考查重点：主要考查考生对所读短文的主要信息进行转述的能力。

附一：2007-2011年湖南高考简答题题型特点

附二:阅读简答题2011年评分标准：

(1)，语义相同或者相近且语法正确，酌情给分。

(2)，实词拼写错误，每个扣0.5分，但所扣分数不超过该题总分。

(3)，语法错误，每题扣0.5分，但所扣分数不超过该题总分。

(4)，个小题均不得超过规定字数，否则酌情扣分。

注意：阅卷标准宽严有度，平时训练要从严要求。

应对策略

一、解题步骤

一般可以分为三个步骤：一是通过审题，划出问题的关键词，理解问题内容，把握问题要求；二十速读文章，根据问题关键词定位问题信息；三是推敲理解信息句，遣词组句回答问题。(阅读简答参考时间10分钟，6分钟阅读文章和题目，4分钟书写答案和检查核对)

二、答题技巧：

做阅读简答题时，要观察问题本身的特点，注意答案和提问方式的协调性。

1、以what开头的问句：

在回答的时候，要回答名词性的短语或从句，一般为名词、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句、表语从

句或宾语从句。

2、以why开头的问句：

要用原因状语或者原因状语从句来回答，常用because或者because of来开头。

3、以how开头的问句：

这种问句一般表程度或方式。在简答题中极少考表程度的意思，所以只考虑表方式的情况。在回答how 开头的问句时，一般用表方式的介词by或者through开头。

4、以when开头的问句：

以when开头的问句表示时间。要用时间状语或者时间状语从句回答。常用来开头的连词有when,介词有at, in, on，before，between, after, during等。

5、回答以where开头的问句：

以where开头的问句表示地点。要用地点状语或者地点状语从句来回答。常用来开头的连词有where,介词有at, in, on等。

6、在做题时，还要注意答案要符合题目的要求：

①字数不能超过限定的要求。

②找到的同义词的词性要与题目中所给的单词的词性一致，该单词要求首字母大写，而且还要打句号。

三、四种题型的探究及常见文章体裁探究

(一) 四种常见题型的探究

题型探究点一：事实细节题

命题特点及解题技巧

准确定位细节，紧扣题目，精心提炼，解答细节理解题

这类题所占比重最大，以how，what, why提问的问题为主。一般说来考生在文章中找到答案出处并不太难，难的是如何处理、转换信息，从而归纳出问题的答案。因为简答题要求考生既要用最简短的语言，又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话。此外，在回答细节题时，一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。

可采用词语替代，词类转换，分句合并和句型转换等方式来达到这个目的。

Example (2008·湖南卷)

Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships．Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete．Teams sculpt for sixty—five hours over five days．Each team hopes that when the time is up，its sculpture will be judged the best．

As the championship begins，the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each．The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow，but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity．

Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life．For example，one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out．Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚) reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪) and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat．In 2006，Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror．To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass，the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching．

As the final hours of the competition tick by，exhausted team members add last-minute detail．They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes．One team member counts down the last five minutes while others

are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity，technical skills，and visual impact(视觉效果)of the designs．

In 2006，Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled ―Discovery‖．But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons．―It’s not about the prize，‖said Rob Neyland，Team USA’s captain．―It’s about touching the audience.‖

Every year，as the championship ends，each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design．73．What kind of tools are the sculptors NOT permitted to use? (回答词数不超过6个)

______________________________________________________ _____________________

74. What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (回答词数不超过9个)

______________________________________________________________________ ____ 75．Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答词不超过1 5个)

___________________________________________________________ _______________

解析73．The tools that／which use electricity．事实细节题。根据第二段中的―The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow，but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity,‖可知答案。

74．The things they have seen in daily life．事实细节题。根据第三段第一句话―Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.‖可知答案。

75．Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity，technical skills and visual impact．事实细节题。根据第四段最后一句话―The judges then vote on creativity，technical skill，and visual impact(视觉效果)of the designs‖可知，裁判评判的标准是看其creativity，technical skill，and visual impact(视觉效果)，而美国队在2006年的比赛中获得了冠军，这说明其作品在上述三个方面一定是最好的(the best)。

题型探究点二：推理判断题

把握全文信息，解答推理判断题

（一）命题特点

此题型要求考生根据全文所提供的事实及自己的一些常识，进行合理的逻辑推测，来判断作者的意图，人物的动机、目的以及性格特征，事件发生的前因后果等。简答题的答案在原文中是不能找到现成的，简单的题目可以通过某句或某段进行细节推理，而较为复杂的题需要在理解全文内容及结构的基础上进行逻辑推理。这类题目题干中一般有imply, infer, conclude, know, learn，learn, intend, attitude….常见的设问方式有：

What lesson can we learn from…？What is the purpose of．．．?

What’s the author’s attitude towards．．．? Why did．．．happen?

What can be inferred／concluded／seen from the passage?

What publication would this passage most likely be printed?

（二）突破方法

逻辑推理题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵，进行合理的推断。具体地说，要注意：①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断，切忌主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，把握作者的写作思路。

Example (2009·湖南卷)

A long time ago, Milton S. Hershey, the creator of the popular chocolate bars, was dipped in warm chocolate. I know all about it. My grandfather was there!

At nineteen, Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia. Although it failed, he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels. But Hershey was not content. He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900. They were an instant success. In 1903, Hershey built a factory.

Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke. However, in his chocolate factory, he held high standards for all the workers. He was both respected and feared. His anger would burst out when things didn’t go as he’d expected, and workers were fired for mistakes.

My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man. His job was to push the vats （大桶）of warm chocolate to a storage area. To do this, he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp （斜坡）and across the walkway. One day, Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp. Bump. Clunk. Ker-plop! Hershey fell backward into the vat. Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out. Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job?

Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips. Color rose in his face. He said something in a low voice. Then he smiled. ―It’s not your fault, son,‖ he said. ―I need to watch where I’m going.‖ He put some chocolate in his mouth. ―Mmm, that’s good,‖ he said. Everyone laughed. The tour continued, with Hershey dripp ing chocolate as he went. And Grandfather kept his job.

75. What does the incident show us about Hershey? （回答词数不超过15个）

_____________________________________________________________________________

解析(It shows us that)Hershey was pleasant，humorous，kind (to others) and really respectable．推理判断(人物评价)。由第三段及第五段(最后一段)的有关描述可以得出对Hershey的评价。

题型探究点三：主旨归纳题

紧扣文章中心句，确定主旨大意和文章标题

主旨归纳题要求考生在理解全文或某一段落内容的基础上，用最简洁而又内涵丰富的词或短语高度概括出文章某一段落或整篇文章的大意(main idea)、标题或对人物（事件）进行评价等四个方面。总结出的中心意思一定要覆盖全文或某一段的要点，不可太偏或太笼统，该题型常见的提问方式有：The main idea of this passage is… The passage is mainly about…

The best title for this passage is… What does the passage mainly talk about?

Please use several words to describe…

而确定文章的标题，其实质是要求对文章做深层次的理解，所以确定标题是文章主旨大意的一种升华。文章的标题常常以话题为核心，对主旨进行再加工、整合与提炼，将关键词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组，标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，同时注意词数要求。标题要做到概括性强，针对性强，还要具有醒目性的特点

Example (2007·湖南卷)

The north magnetic pole (磁极) is no longer a resident of Canada. It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.

Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis（地轴），the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward) is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic f ield, a process that originates about 3, 000 kilometers below our feet, in the outer core（核心）of the planet. But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.

Over the past century, the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year, says Larry Newitt, head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa. Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.

Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing, says Newitt. One Hypothesis (假说) relates it to ―magnetic jerks‖, sudden shifts (变化) in the rate of change of the magnetic field. There have been three jerks in the past four decades, each one correlating to an increase in speed.

If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056.

―For most of recorded history, the pole has been a part of Canada, and now it’s not,‖ says Newitt. ―It may be a blow to our collective psyche, but other than that, it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence.

75.What is the main idea of the passage? (回答词数不超过8个)

____________________________________________________________________________

解析：本问主要讲北磁极的快速移动，而且这种移动速度加快了。the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.（第二段最后），所以，回答用：The north magnetic pole is moving faster.

题型探究点四：词义猜测题

命题特点及解题技巧

词汇语义题目的在于考查考生转述(paraphrase)或解释(explain)某个词或短语在特定场合下的特定含义的能力。其出题方式为：Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word ―…‖. 重点考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词或动词短语。回答该题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均要一致，如，要么都是动词，且都为动词过去式或动词现在分词形式；或要么都是名词，且都用名词复数形式。

解题时，要找出原词在文章中的同义词或近义代换词，一要注意理解原词在所在句的逻辑意义，如，解释什么与什么之间的关系，修饰什么事物等；二要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分，以此推敲猜测原词的意义，借此帮助寻找文中的代换词。

Example (2007·湖南卷文章见探究三Example)

73．Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word ―angling‖．

解析Moving／Migrating。词义替换题。从首段的―…now angling toward Siberia(向西伯利亚移动)‖ 可以看出画线词的意思是―移动，运行‖，所以检索第二段第一句的―is moving due to natural changes‖及第三段第一句的―has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year‖可找到答案。

(二)常见文章体裁的探究

体裁探究一记叙文

记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)是湖南高考阅读简答的主要体裁之一。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why)。

记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。

作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能准确有效地快速找到答题所需的有效信息句。

Example 1

My First Long Run

Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband .After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.

Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the lope, I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few moths ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.

After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense . To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.

I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappoint ed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop . I wanted to keep going harder, better, faster, stronger, To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did some thing I thought I could never do.

It was the first run of my life. Since then, I have improved my stride(步幅) and time. After every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner’s high. I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.

1. Why did the author feel guilty? (NO more than 9 words) (2 marks)

____________________________________________________________ ___________

2. What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? (NO more than 11 words)(2 marks)

____________________________________________________________ __________

3. What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop? (NO more than 9 words)(3 marks) ____________________________________________________________ ____________

4. How is running different from jogging to the author? (NO more than 14words) (3 marks)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

体裁探究二说明文

说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。

Example 2

For more than 40 years, robots have worked in factories, doing jobs too boring or too dangerous for humans. Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work.

It was an exciting night at the Detroit Symphony(交响乐). A special guest was joining the band. The conductor

stepped out onto the stage and lifted both arms to direct the musicians. They played a song called ―The Impossible Dream‖ .The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four f eet tall. It’s just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.

Japan has more robots than any other country. Four out of every 10 worker robots are there. The Japanese government is spending millions of dollars building even more robots. Why the rush for more electronic helpers? Mo re than one-fifth of Japan’s population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.

Many of Japan’s robots are designed to interact with people. One Japanese hospital has three shiny robots that help out in the waiting room. They greet patients and give directions. ―Robots won’t ever be doctors,‖ says hospital spokesperson Naoya Narita. ―But they can be guides.‖

Since the 1960s, robots have been doing jobs that are too boring or too dangerous for humans. Some stand for long hours in factories, packaging food or putting together cars. Others milk cows on dairy farms all day long. However, these industrial robots don’t look like humans.

Now that robots are moving into our homes, many are starting to look more like us. Trevor Blackwel l’s company, Anybots, makes robots. He built a dish-washing robot called Monty. It is as tall as a person and has human-like hands.

Will the robots of the future look more like machines or people? Either way, Blackwell is happy to let them do the chores. ―I’d rather have a robot do dishes,‖ he says. Wouldn’t you?

1．Why did the audience feel shocked at the Detroit Symphony? (no more than 6 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________ 2．What is the reason why the Japanese are building so many robots? (no more than 9 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3．How can the robot Monty help people？(no more than 7 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________ 4．What is the passage mainly about？(no more than 9 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

体裁探究二其它文体

阅读简答题选取的材料还有议论文和新闻报道两种。其中所选取的议论文通常有两类：一是先分析人们习以为常的现象，指出其中的谬误，然后阐述自己的观点；二是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点，然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。掌握议论文的特点，把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点利于快速把握全文脉络，准确找到有效的答题信息句。

时事新闻类阅读材料往往语言地道、内容时新。新闻阅读材料都由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。阅读时，要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，从而在归纳、概括、推理的基础上准确谴词组句作答。

Example 3

Many of the problems facing today’s world aren’t news to us. The environment is in dire need of help because it’s being damaged, hunger is widespread throughout the world, and workers in the Third W orld Countries are continuously being exploited. Therefore, individuals across the globe need to band(团结)together for a cause and use their collective efforts to make all the difference in the world.

For instance, one person recycling a can or a bottle d oesn’t seem like much. But if every household in a given city was to recycle and conserve energy, that city could make a huge positive impact on environmental damage. Similarly, there are countless ways to help fight world hunger—whether it’s to donate mon ey to a dedicated

worldwide charity, donate canned goods to your local charity, or even make lifestyle changes like going vegetarian. World hunger is a massive problem—but it doesn’t mean individuals themselves can’t make a difference.

Worker exploitation is another huge problem. All across the world—particularly in the Third World Countries—workers are forced to labor long hours, with close to no pay. Y et these workers continue to show up to such a way of life, because they have no other options.

So, how can people like us help fight such a big problem? Simply raising awareness of the products you buy in stores—from clothing to food—is a massive start. For example, if you see two similar products side by side in a food shop, but one of them is labeled ―fair trade‖, you’ll know immediately that the workers who labored to produce that product were given a fair price for their goods. And true, fair trade products might cost a little bit more, but buying them is a significant start to help fight worker exploitation.

In short, each of us should be socially conscious to make a difference to widespread social problems.

1.What problems facing today’s world are mentioned in the first paragraph？(no more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

2.What should be done to fight world hunger? (no more than 15 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3.How is the product which is labeled“fair trade”different from other products? (no more than 13 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

4.What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 15 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

Example 4

A husband-and-wife team from California reached the Pacific Ocean after a 4,900-mile cross-country walk, becoming the first to backpack the American Discovery Trail in one continuous walk.

Marcia and Ken Powers started the travel across 13 states, through 14 national parks and 16 national forests on Feb.27 from Delaware. Nearly eight months later, the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean, a day ahead of time.

We are a little sad that a great adventure is over. It was a fantastic adventure. And now we go home and just do housework. It’s really sad, said Marcia, who is in her 50s. She and her 60-year-old husband traversed cities, desert, mountains and farmland before reaching the Pacific with arms around each other’s backpacks.

They overcame deep snow in the East, a quicksand in Utah, close lightning strikes in the Midwest and strong desert sandstorms in the West while averaging 22 miles a day and taking only four days’ rest. But they enjoyed the French history of St. Louis, the beauty of the Colorado Rockies and the kindness of strangers they met along the way.

They particularly remember two brothers—a doctor and a dentist—who put them up in their homes around.

Chester, Ⅲ., after terrible days, and a motorcyclists who gave them water after they failed to find any on Utah’s lonely Wah Wah desert.

―Americans are truly warm-hearted and wonderful,‖ Marcia Powers said. ―We got to meet people that we would never meet in our daily lives at home. We got to touch it with our feet and hands and smell all its smell and hear its wildlife. It’s a amazing country,‖ she added.

1．How long did it take the couple to cover 4,900 miles on foot？(no more than 3 words)

____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 2．Why did the couple hug each other after reaching the Pacific? (no more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________ 3．Use at least three adjectives to describe the couple’s journey. (no more than 4 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________ 4．What is the best title for the text？(no more than 9 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________

阅读简答实战演练

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage1

Secret Santas

On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unw rap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all

part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.

“It’s an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis,”says Linda. “It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.”

Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.

To find her “adopted”family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.

“The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys,”she says.“"We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.”She also buys gifts for the parents.

Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime.”She purchased iPads for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.“I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this,”says Linda. “Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live.‖

The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.

1.What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks)

2. Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)

3. Why did Linda ask for a second wish list? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks)

4. What kind of people does "secret Santas" in the passage refer to? (No more than 12 words) (3 marks)

Passage 2

When my friends went to college in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life．My spirit sank．Surrounded by strange classmates, I felt like I was in a maze and was sorry about myself．There were some complex feelings in my minds．I was frightened, nervous and lonely．

To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear．As a result, I was always feeling down during class time．

My teacher found me spiritless．One day he asked me to come to his office and told me about his attitude towards life: we might suffer from mistakes, but it’s important to learn lessons from them．All the pains and the embarrassing things we experience are part of the process．So keep up your spirit! At last, he added, ―If you are optimistic, things you want may happen to you!‖

Warmth rushed through my soul．I suddenly found the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office．With the teacher’s help, I eventually got over my depression．From then on, I no longer bowed my head and began smiling to my classmates．I would put up my hand confidently in class and play with my new friends in my spare time．Meanwhile, I was gradually embraced by my classmates．

Now faced with fierce competition, we all study hard because we know that every second counts．Moreover, there is an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between us．I love my class; I love my classmates!

To be frank, I still have a thirst for my dream university, but I’m not afraid of failure because I can profit by it．With parents and teachers’ encouragement, I’m quite certain of my success and I’m sure I can fly high．1．Why was the writer in low spirits at the beginning? （No more than 10 words）

____________________________________________________________ ____________ 2．What did the teacher expect the writer to do? （No more than 10 words）

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? （No more than 15 words）

____________________________________________________________ ____________ 4．What will you do if you are faced with failure? （No more than 20 words）

____________________________________________________________ ____________

Passage3

What is the secret ingredient of tough people that enables them to succeed? Why do they survive the tough times when others are overcome by them? Why do they win when others lose? Why do they soar when others sink?

The answer is very simple. It's all in how they sense their problems. Y es, every living person has problems. A problem-free life is an illusion — a mirage（海市蜃楼）in the desert. Then accept that fact.

Every mountain has a peak. Every valley has its low point. Life has its ups and downs, its peaks and its valleys. No one is up all the time, nor are they down all the time. Problems do end. They are all resolved in time.

Y ou may not be able to control the times, but you can compose your response. Y ou can turn your pain into profanity — or into poetry. The choice is up to you. Y ou may not have chosen your tough time, but you can choose how you will react to it.

The positive solution to a problem may require courage to do it. When you control your reaction to the

seemingly uncontrollable problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem’s effect on you. Y our reaction to the problem is the last word! That’s th e bottom line. What will you let this problem do to you? It can make you tender or tough. It can make you better or bitter. It all depends on you.

In the final analysis, the tough people who survive the tough times do so because they've chosen to react positively to their dilemma. Tough times never last, but tough people do. Tough people stick it out. History teaches us that every problem has a lifespan.

1. What is the life of illusion? (no more than 5 words)

2. Find a sentence which has the same meaning with the underlined sentence. (no more than 4 words)

3. What is the secret to enable people to succeed? (no more than 9 words)

4. What is the best title of this text? (no more than 4 words)

Passage 4

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it;the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies,tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute without least consideration; he does so with skill and polish, ―I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.‖ Few men have patience with

this treatment, and the usual response is, ―This is the right color and maybe the right size but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.‖

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only ―having a look round‖. She is always open to persuasion: indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes , most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one room to another, to and fro often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiresome process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

1. What does a man usually do when he is buying clothes?（no more than 15 words）

_____________________________________________________________________ __________

2.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?（no more than 6 words）

__________________________________________________________________ _____________

3. What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants?（no more than 6 words）

___________________________________________________________________ ____________

4.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?（no more than 8 words）

________________________________________________________________________ _______

Passage5

Freda Bright says, “Only in opera do people die of love.‖ It’s true. Y ou really can’t love somebody to death. I’ve known people to die from no love, but I’ve never known anyone to be loved to death. We just can’t love one another enough.

A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned(鼓起)the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to a raise.

The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. Her husband had come home early and prepared a festive meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, or…did he just somehow know that she would not get turned down?

She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the wonderful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beautifully lettered note. It read: ―Congratulations, darling! I

knew you’d get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you.‖

Following the supper, her husband went into the kitchen to clean up. She noticed that a second card had fallen from his pocket. Picking it off the floor, she read: ―Don’t worry about not getting the raise! Y ou deserve it anyway! These things will tell you how much I lo ve you.‖

Someone has said that the measure of love is when you love without measure. What this man feels for his wife is total acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction.

Upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa said: ―What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your family.‖ And love your friends. Love them without measure.

1. How did the woman feel when she decided to ask her boss for a higher salary？(no more than 3 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________

2. According to the passage, how do you understand the underlined sentence in the first paragraph? (no more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________

3. What is the best title of this passage？(no more than 4 words)

____________________________________________________________ _____________

4. Please use several words to describe the husband’s personalities. (no more than 4 words)

_______________________________________________________________________ ______

Passage 6

Two similar-sounding English words caused trouble for a man who wanted to fly from Los Angeles to Oakland, California. His problems began at the airport in Los Angeles. He thought he heard his flight announced, so he walked to the gate, showed his ticket, and got on the plane. After flying for twenty minutes, the man began to worry. Oakland was north of Los Angeles, but the plane seemed to be heading west, and when he looked out his window all he could see was ocean. "Is this plane going to Oakland?" he asked the flight attendant (服务员). The flight attendant was shocked. "No," she said. "We're going to Auckland-Auckland, New Zealand."

English is not the only language with similar-sounding words. Other languages, too, have words that can cause mistakes, especially for foreigners.

Auckland and Oakland. When similar-sounding words cause a mistake, probably the best thing to do is just laugh and learn from it. Of course, sometimes it's hard to laugh. The man who traveled to Auckland instead of Oakland didn't feel like laughing. But even that mistake turned out all right in the end. The airline (航空公司) paid for the man's hotel room and meals in New Zealand and for his flight back to California. "Oh well," the man later

said, "I always wanted to see New Zealand."

1. When did the man realize something was wrong?(No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

2. What is one proper way to deal with a mistake caused by similar-soundings words according to the paasage? (No more than 7 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3.What does the sentence ―Oh well, I always wanted to see New Zealand‖ may reflect?(No more than 6 words) ____________________________________________________________ ____________

4.What is the passage mainly about?(No more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

Passage7

The world economy is slowly recovering from the global economic downturn but the comeback has been shadowed by the debt crisis in Europe. The Shanghai World Expo, which opened at a time w hen the extravaganza （n.盛会) provides an opportunity for countries to recover from the economic nightmare, is expected to build confidence in restoring the world economy.

Faith in the global economy also reflects in the actions of countries around the world. As one of the first countries to confirm participation in the Shanghai Expo, Chile decided to build a pavilion of its own instead of renting one as originally planned. That action came even though Chile was later struck by a strong earthquake. Countries around the world insist on attending the Shanghai Expo because their attendance will boost the world economy, just as the 1933 Chicago World Expo did when the United States was struggling in the worst economic crisis in its history. The US was still in the Great Depression at that time with numerous banks closed and the jobless rate up to as high as 25 percent of the country's workers. But also that year, the Chicago World Expo, named ―A Century of Progress ‖ officially opened. The Chicago fair, the first to have its own theme, established America's leading position in science and technology and also forecast the quick recovery of the US economy.

Starting from 1935, almost every US economic indicator took off on a road of stable growth. By 1939, the country’s GDP had grown to 204. 9 billion dollars from 7.42 billion dollars in 1933. The number of unemployed workers fell to 8 million.

In the same way, the Shanghai World Expo is also expected to showcase the new trends and developments in the global economy and build confidence in the world’s economic future. The fair, as is indicated by its theme “Better City, Better Life ‖ will showcase the direction of future development for mankind, prompting countries to seek the common goal of sustainable development. A green economy is widely expected to become the new growth engine of the world. More than 189 countries and 57 international organizations have gathered in Shanghai to put on a grand spectacle (n.壮观的场面)displaying mankind’s greatest achievements in economy, sci ence, technology and culture. Let’s hope that during the Shanghai Expo, confidence for the world’s economy will be restored, and mankind will find the key to a brighter future.

1．What is the situation of the world economy? (No more than 5 words)

2．Why do countries like Chile insist on attending the Shanghai Expo?（No more than 8 words）

3．Why does the author give the 1933 Chicago World Expo as an example? (No more than 8 words)

4．What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)

Passage 8

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who ap pear independent miss the kindness in others I see daily. They don't get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to speed, horn or even shout at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

No more angry shouts and no more horns!

When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, "I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the

best I can." And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn't get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.

Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.

1. How do people feel when they offer their help? (No more than 2 words)

_______________________________________________________________________ ________

2. What reaction did other drivers have when the author drove very slowly at first? (No more than 5 words)

_______________________________________________________________________ ________

3. Why did other drivers behave differently when the author put on the car flashlights? (No more than 8 words)

__________________________________________________________________________ __ ___

4. What does the author advise as to do at last? (No more than 8 words)

___________________________________________________________________________ ____

Passage 9

World Reading Day was set up by the UNESCO in 1995 to encourage people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor great writers, for example, William Shakespeare, born or dead on that day.

Many countries celebrated World Reading Day. Take the UK as an example, on that day, millions of schoolchildren can buy book of special price, a much lower price than usual, in any bookstore. It has been done every year since 1998. World Reading Day 2010 in the UK will take place on Thursady 4 th March. Please note that this date applies to the UK and Ireland only. The initiative is so well established in schools there that they want to make sure that the Day happens in term time to really make the most of this opportunity to celebrate books and reading. Most other countries hold World Reading Day on 23rd April every year.

World Reading Day is also celebrated in China. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, an avid reader, does lots of reading every day though he is very busy. On World Reading Day 2009 he encouraged citizens to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. ―Books cannot change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves thro ugh reading.‖

Reading can benefit people in many ways. Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology. Reading gives us information about other cultures and places of the world. Reading is also one of the

most important ways to learn a foreign language like English.

―Reading makes a full man‖ (Bacon, 1597). Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the out side world and perfect us. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time on reading every day.

1.For what purpose was World Reading Day set up?(No more than 15 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

2.What kind of person is an avid reader?(No more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3.What good does reading do to people?(List two benefits)(No more than 12 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

4.What does the passage mainly talk about?(No more than 5 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

Passage10

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带）groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. ―Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?‖ one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的）customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

1. What do the underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions”in Paragraph 1 refer to?（No more than 3 words）____________________________________________________________________ _________

2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 8 words）

_____________________________________________________________________ ________

3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 8 words）

_____________________________________________________________________ ________

4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）

________________________________________________________________________ _____

Passage 11

Solar energy for your home is coming. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many things. Where you live is one factor. The type of home you have is another. Things like insulation present energy coasts, and the type of system you buy are added factors.

Using solar energy can help save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says that’s all, the only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, like the sun.

We won’t have to worry about the suns running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides begin an endless source of energy, t he use of the sun has other advantages as well. The sun doesn’t offer as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel plants add to already high pollution levels. With solar energy, we will still need sources of energy, but we won’t need as much. That means we can cut down on our pollution problems.

With all these good points, why don’t we use more solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for a home owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy. All that is changing now. Solar coats are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. Experts say that gas, oil and electricity prices will continue to rise. The demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. But new

power plants will use more gas, oil or coal. Already in some places the supply of electricity is being rationed. Solar energy is now in its infancy. It could soon grow to become a major part of our nation’s energy supply.

1.What can solar energy help us to do ?(No more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

2.How long will the sun run for ?( No more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

3.Why won’t we need so much sources of energy with solar energy? (No more than 8 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

4. What’s the article mainly about? (No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________ ____________

Passage 12

The story happened in my childhood when I was living with my stepmother. She worked all day so I was responsible for looking after my younger half-broth er. During that time in our life, my dad wasn’t present much, but I didn’t mind, because my stepmother took good care of my little brother and me. I loved her and always wished she could spend more time with us but she worked Monday through Saturday.

At that time my little brother was about four years old and he missed her so much all the time. One day, he cried, saying he wanted his ―Mummy‖. So I locked the house and carried him on my back to find his mummy.

My stepmother worked very far away. After about an hour’s walk, my little brother got tired and fell asleep . Then I looked down and saw he’d lost a shoe while sleeping. I took him from my back and put him down. I knew we had to find that shoe because my step-mom wouldn’t be able to afford new shoes fo r him, but it would take too long to do it while carrying my brother. So I told him to stay where he was and I would run and find the shoe and come back. A man overheard me and stopped me right before I walked off. He asked me, ―Y ou’re leaving your brother here to go to find the shoe? What if he isn’t here when you return？‖ I didn’t know how to answer that question. So he said, ―People are always more important than things. It’s okay if you can’t find the shoe, but it isn’t okay to lose your brother over a shoe.‖

He asked where we were headed and I told him the fact. I remember him looking at me and smiling when I told him what I was doing. He took both my brother and me and put us in a taxi and sent us to our destination.

1. Why did the writer get along well with his stepmother? (No more than 13 words)

_____________________________________________________________________ __________