手工msSql数据库差异备份备份原理

出自https://www.360docs.net/doc/1313962625.html,

--完整备份

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908.bak'

--差异备份

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Diff_20070908.bak' With Differential

--日志备份，默认截断日志

Backup Log NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Log_20070908.bak'

--日志备份，不截断日志

Backup Log NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Log_20070908.bak' With No_Truncate

--截断日志不保留

Backup Log NorthwindCS

With No_Log

--或者

Backup Log NorthwindCS

With Truncate_Only

--截断之后日志文件不会变小

--有必要可以进行收缩

--文件备份

Exec Sp_Helpdb NorthwindCS --查看数据文件

Backup Database NorthwindCS

File='NorthwindCS' --数据文件的逻辑名

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_File_20070908.bak'

--文件组备份

Exec Sp_Helpdb NorthwindCS --查看数据文件

Backup Database NorthwindCS

FileGroup='Primary' --数据文件的逻辑名

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_FileGroup_20070908.bak' With init

--分割备份到多个目标

--恢复的时候不允许丢失任何一个目标

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_1.bak'

,disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_2.bak'

--镜像备份

--每个目标都是相同的

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Mirror_1.bak'

Mirror

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Mirror_2.bak'

With Format --第一次做镜像备份的时候格式化目标

--镜像备份到本地和远程

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Mirror_1.bak'

Mirror

To disk='\\192.168.1.200\Backup\NorthwindCS_Mirror_2.bak' With Format

--每天生成一个备份文件

Declare @Path Nvarchar(2000)

Set @Path ='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_'

+Convert(Nvarchar,Getdate(),112)+'.bak'

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To https://www.360docs.net/doc/1313962625.html,/Article/html/3/7/2008/mailtdisk=@Path

--从NoRecovery或者

--Standby模式恢复数据库为可用

Restore Database NorthwindCS_Bak

With Recovery

--查看目标备份中的备份集

Restore HeaderOnly

From Disk ='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908.bak'

--查看目标备份的第一个备份集的信息

Restore FileListOnly

From Disk ='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908_2.bak'

With File=1

--查看目标备份的卷标

Restore LabelOnly

From Disk ='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908_2.bak'

--备份设置密码保护备份

Backup Database NorthwindCS

To disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908.bak'

With Password = '123',init

Restore Database NorthwindCS

From disk='G:\Backup\NorthwindCS_Full_20070908.bak'

With Password = '123'

自动备份：

在SQL Server 2005数据库中实现自动备份的具体步骤:

1、打开SQL Server Management Studio

2、启动SQL Server代理

3、点击作业->新建作业

4、"常规"中输入作业的名称

5、新建步骤，类型选T-SQL，在下面的命令中输入下面语句

DECLARE @strPath NVARCHAR(200)

set @strPath = convert(NVARCHAR(19),getdate(),120)

set @strPath = REPLACE(@strPath, ':' , '.')

set @strPath = 'D:\bak\' + mailto:%20databasename%20+@strPath + '.bak'

BACKUP DATABASE [databasename] TO DISK = @strPath WITH NOINIT , NOUNLOAD , NOSKIP , STATS = 10, NOFORMAT

（D:\bak\改为自己的备份路径，databasename修改为想备份的数据库的名称）

6、添加计划，设置频率，时间等。

确定，完成。

SQL Server里函数的两种用法（可以代替游标）

1．因为update里不能用存储过程，然而要根据更新表的某些字段还要进行计算。我们常常采用游标的方法，这里用函数的方法实现。

函数部分：

CREATE FUNCTION [DBO].[FUN_GETTIME] (@TASKPHASEID INT)

RETURNS FLOAT AS

BEGIN

DECLARE @TASKID INT,

@HOUR FLOAT,

@PERCENT FLOAT,

@RETURN FLOAT

IF @TASKPHASEID IS NULL

BEGIN

RETURN(0.0)

END

SELECT @TASKID=TASKID,@PERCENT=ISNULL(WORKPERCENT,0)/100

FROM TABLETASKPHASE

WHERE ID=@TASKPHASEID

SELECT @HOUR=ISNULL(TASKTIME,0) FROM TABLETASK

WHERE ID=@TASKID

SET @RETURN=@HOUR*@PERCENT

RETURN (@RETURN)

END

调用函数的存储过程部分

CREATE PROCEDURE [DBO].[PROC_CALCCA]

@ROID INT

AS

BEGIN

DECLARE @CA FLOAT

UPDATE TABLEFMECA

SET

Cvalue_M= ISNULL(MODERATE,0)*ISNULL(FMERATE,0)*ISNULL(B.BASFAILURERATE,0)*[DBO].[ FUN_GETTIME](C.ID)

FROM TABLEFMECA ,TABLERELATION B,TABLETASKPHASE C

WHERE ROID=@ROID AND TASKPHASEID=C.ID AND B.ID=@ROID

SELECT @CA=SUM(ISNULL(Cvalue_M,0)) FROM TABLEFMECA WHERE ROID=@ROID

UPDATE TABLERELATION

SET CRITICALITY=@CA

WHERE ID=@ROID

END

GO

2．我们要根据某表的某些记录，先计算后求和，因为无法存储中间值，平时我们也用游标的方法进行计算。但sqlserver2000里支持

SUM ( [ ALL DISTINCT ] eXPression )

expression

是常量、列或函数，或者是算术、按位与字符串等运算符的任意组合。因此我们可以利用这一功能。

函数部分：

CREATE FUNCTION [DBO].[FUN_RATE] (@PARTID INT,@ENID INT,@SOURCEID INT, @QUALITYID INT,@COUNT INT)

RETURNS FLOAT AS

BEGIN

DECLARE @QXS FLOAT, @G FLOAT, @RATE FLOAT

IF (@ENID=NULL) OR (@PARTID=NULL) OR (@SOURCEID=NULL) OR (@QUALITYID=NULL) BEGIN

RETURN(0.0)

END

SELECT @QXS= ISNULL(XS,0) FROM TABLEQUALITY WHERE ID=@QUALITYID

SELECT @G=ISNULL(FRATE_G,0) FROM TABLEFAILURERATE

WHERE (SUBKINDID=@PARTID) AND( ENID=@ENID) AND ( DATASOURCEID=@SOURCEID) AND( ( (ISNULL(MINCOUNT,0)<=ISNULL(@COUNT,0)) AND ( ISNULL(MAXCOUNT,0)>=ISNULL(@COUNT,0)))

OR(ISNULL(@COUNT,0)>ISNULL(MAXCOUNT,0)))

SET @RATE=ISNULL(@QXS*@G,0)

RETURN (@RATE)

END

调用函数的存储过程部分：

CREATE PROC PROC_FAULTRATE

@PARTID INTEGER, @QUALITYID INTEGER, @SOURCEID INTEGER, @COUNT INTEGER, @ROID INT, @GRADE INT,@RATE FLOAT=0 OUTPUTAS

BEGIN

DECLARE

@TASKID INT

SET @RATE=0.0

SELECT @TASKID=ISNULL(TASKPROID,-1) FROM TABLERELATION WHERE ID=(SELECT PID FROM TABLERELATION WHERE ID=@ROID)

IF (@TASKID=-1) OR(@GRADE=1) BEGIN

SET @RATE=0

RETURN

END

SELECT @RATE=SUM([DBO].[FUN_RATE] (@PARTID,ENID,@SOURCEID, @QUALITYID,@COUNT) *ISNULL(WORKPERCENT,0)/100.0)

FROM TABLETASKPHASE

WHERE TASKID=@TASKID

END

GO