2008-2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译

2008-2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译
2008-2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译

2008年真题参考译文

达尔文在其自传中用极其谦逊的口气评价了自己的智力。他指出,想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的时候,他总会遇到很大的困难。46)他相信,正是这种困难或许能够扬长补短,以使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子;因此,使他能在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。他认为自己完全不具备杰出的赫胥黎那样的反应速度和理解力。47)他还断言,在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点上,他的能力很有限。鉴于此,他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。他还认为自己的记忆杂乱而模糊,从某一个方面来说,甚至是很糟糕,以至于他记住某个日子或者是一行诗歌的话,几天就能忘记。48)另一方面,批评家指责他尽管善于观察,但却不能推理,对此,他并不接受且认为毫无依据。他认为,这种批评是错误的,因为《物种起源》这本书从头到尾都是长篇大论,却说服了很多有才华的人。他承认,如果不具备推理能力,没有人能够写出这样的书。他愿意这样说自己:“我具有一定的发现能力和常识判断能力,正如每一个成功的律师和医生必须具备的一样;但是,我认为,我的水平不高。”49)他谦虚地补充道,或许他“和普通人比起来,更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节,更能够对此加以仔细观察”。

在生命最后一年的写作中,他表示,在过去的二三十年中,他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。到三十多岁的时候,诗歌带给他极大的快乐以前,绘画也能给他带来兴致,而音乐能给他无穷的乐趣。然而,他在1881年说:“这几年来,读一行诗,我就受不了。我也几乎快要丧失了自己对音乐和绘画的品味了。”50)达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,而且还可能损伤智力,甚至更可能损伤道德。

2009年真题参考译文

每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育,这两者有明显的区别。就前者而言,教育是偶然的;这种教育是自然的、重要的,但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。46)可以说,要衡量任何社会制度的价值,就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影

响,但是这种影响并不是其初始动机的一部分。例如宗教的联合始于希望取得统治力量的恩赐和避开罪恶的影响;家庭生活始于希望满足各种欲望和使家庭永存;系统性的劳动,主要是为了奴役别人,等等。47)这种制度附带产生的影响只能逐渐地得到认识;而在实行这种制度的过程中,认识到这种效果具有指导作用的过程则更加缓慢。甚至在今天,在我们的工业社会中,除了某些勤奋和节俭的价值观念以外,世间工作得以进行的人类联合的各种形式的理智的和情感的反应,和物质产品比较起来,所受到的关注微乎其微。

但是对待年轻人,人类联合的事实本身,作为当前的人类事实,具有极其的重要性。48)在我们和年轻人接触的时候,虽然容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响,但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。训练的需要太明显了,改变他们的态度和习惯的要求很急迫,以致不能对这些后果完全不加以考虑。49)既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活,我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量,这种力量可以确保我们获得这种能力。如果人类在认识各种制度的最终价值在于它对人生的特殊影响这一点上已经取得一定进展,我们可以深信,这个启示主要是通过和年轻人相处学到的。

50)因此,在上述(目前为止已经考虑到的)宽泛的教育过程中,可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育,即直接教导或学校教育。在不发达的社会群体中,很少有正规的教学和训练这些群体为把必需的性格灌输给年轻人,主要依靠使成年人忠于他们群体的相同的联合。

2010年真题参考译文

完全以经济动机为依据的保护系统的根本弱点是生物群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。然而,这些动物都是生物群落的成员,如果它的稳定取决于其完整性的话,他们有权继续生存下去。

当其中一个非经济范畴受到威胁,如果我们碰巧喜欢它,我们就会编造借口赋予它经济意义。在世纪初鸣禽原本应消失,46)科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾,大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话,害虫就会把我们吃掉。必须有经济利益的证据才有合法性。

今天,读到这些转弯抹角的解释让人痛心。我们仍然没有土地伦理,47)但是我们至少已经几乎承认鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。

类似的情况在哺乳类动物和食鱼鸟中也存在。48)曾几何时,生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据:这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。

有些品种的树木已经被有经济头脑的林务员清除出去了,因为它们发育过慢或价值太低,不能做木材树种。49)在欧洲,其林业在生态上更加发达,公益林木被认为是原始森林群落的一部分,同样应该得到合理保护。

总之,仅仅以经济利益为基础的保护系统是完全片面的。50)它容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。

2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译

Part C Translation

46.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。

【考查分析】本题考点:同位语从句,定语从句

【答案解析】本句的主干是Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。破折号后面的that引导同位语从句,对前面的assumption解释说明。We all share是定语从句,修饰assumption。

【参考译文】我们每个人都认为:自己不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说,并揭示其错误的本质。

47.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”

【考查分析】本题考点:状语从句

【答案解析】本句结构特别清晰,主干是While we may be able to sustain …. ,we are faced with a question…。while引导让步状语从句,后面“Why cannot I ma ke myself do this or achieve that?”是question 的具体内容。本句采用顺译法。

【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上,我们却总是面临一个问题:我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情,实现那个目标呢?

48.This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。

【考查分析】本题考点:省略、介词短语、复杂表语

【答案解析】本句的主体结构为:This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语,介词短语套介词短语,使得宾语非常复杂。“for neglect of those in need”修饰“justification”、“of exploration”、“of the superiority”“of the inferiority” 修饰rationalization。而“of those at the top”和“of those at the bottom”又分别修饰superiority和inferiority。

【参考译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。

49.circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。

【考查分析】本题考点:并列从句,定语从句。

【答案解析】本句主体结构是:circumstances seem to be designed to…., and if we feel that… then we are unlikely to… “环境好像是为…,而设计,如果我们感受到…,我们就不可能…”;“bring out” 是产生、使…显示出来;“wronged” 是“被冤枉,被委屈”的意思,“be (un)likely to do” (不) 可能做某事;

【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天不公”,那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。

50.The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

【考查分析】本题考点:主系表结构、分词短语的用法、连词where引导的状语从句。

【答案解析】本句主体结构为The upside is the possibilities,译为“正面意义在于可能性”。Contained in knowing that everything is up to us,是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一个有连词where引导的状语从句。Where 在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation, to what point)的意思。

【参考译文】积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限可能。以前,我们能够熟练应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着未来的可能。

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商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

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II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

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