2007年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测模拟试题及答案

2007年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测模拟试题及答案(二)

一、选词填空题

第1题：

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We re 2with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity. Perhaps the 3to this ambivalence lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop

wasn t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit d rinking but actually encouraging more 4ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of in harmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation s food has come to be5by imports-pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at souther n lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6.

But strong opinions have not brought 7. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The 9in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness.It’s no coincidence,then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚).It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends

[A]answer[B] result[C] share[D]guilty

[E] constant[F] defined[G] vanish[H] adapted

[I] creative[J] belief[K] suspicious[L] certainty

[M] obsessed[N] identify[O] ideals

【参考答案】：

D M A I F B L K J C

二、阅读理解

第2题：

It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and

11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife s right to receive a tenth of all her husband s property. The wife had the right to with hol d consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.

The wife shared in the management of her husband s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging

her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or throug h being hot tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.

1.Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to.

[A] give her the right to receive all her husband s property

[B] help her to enjoy a higher position in the family

[C] protect a woman against the risk of desertion

[D] both A and C

2.According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was.

[A] higher than that of a single woman

[B] higher than that of her husband

[C] lower than that of her husband

[D] the same as that of her husband

3. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?

[A]To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband s personal property.

[B]To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.

[C]To prove that women have powerful position.

[D]To illustrate how women win her property.

4.The compensation Maria Vivas gets for the field is.

[A] some of the land Miro had inherited

[B] a tenth of Miro s land

[C] money for household expenses

[D] money form Miro s inheritance

5. The author s attitude towards Maria Vivas is.

[A] sympathetic

[B] disapproval

[C] indifferent

[D] objective

1小题>、【正确答案】：C

2小题>、【正确答案】：D

3小题>、【正确答案】：B

4小题>、【正确答案】：A

5小题>、【正确答案】：D

【参考解析】：

1. 【解析】C细节推理题。本文介绍了欧洲南部10和11世纪嫁妆对女性在婚姻中地位的重要性。虽然嫁妆最初的目的防止女性被抛弃，但实际上它的作用远远不止于此。它使妻子在婚姻中的地位与丈夫平等，并保障了妻子的经济利益。女性在维护自己的利益上，是很坚定果敢的，Maria Vivas就是一个例子。见第一段第三句，“Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of d esertion...”，虽然在实际生活中嫁妆有更重要的作用，但最初它的作用只是为了防范女性被丈夫抛弃，所以C)为正确答案。

2.【解析】D细节推理题。根据本文，妻子在婚姻中的法律地位和丈夫是平等的。见第一段最后一句，“In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife”文件中并没有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何的差别，也就是说他们的地位是平等的，所以D)为正确答案。

3【解析】B判断推理题。作者为什么要举Maria Vivas的事例，是为了说明妻子是能够捍卫自己的利益的。见第二段第二句，“Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance...they showed a fine fighting spirit.”如果丈夫要侵占自己的利益，女性们就时刻准备着

捍卫自己的利益，有时她们还表现出很强的斗争精神。接下来作者就举了Maria Vivas的例子，说明女性是有能力捍卫自己的利益的。所以B)为正确答案。

4.【解析】A细节推理题。Maria Vivas得到的一份作为补偿的土地，本来是属于Miro的个人财产。见第二段第五句，“None being offered, she succeeded in... assigning her a piece of land from Miro s personal inheritance”由此知A)为正确答案。

5.【解析】D判断推理题。作者对Maria Vivas所持的态度是客观的。作者客观地介绍了Maria Vivas的事例，并没有表示出同情、不满或者是漠不关心，所以A),B),C)都是错误答案。

第3题：

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on

the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well beings of a social group s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

[A] The problems faced by leaders.

[B] How leadership differs in small and large groups.

[C] How social groups determine who will lead them.

[D] The role of leaders in social groups.

2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT.

[A] recruitment

[B] formal election process

[C] specific leadership training

[D] traditional cultural patterns

3. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?

[A]Person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

[B] Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.

[C]A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.

[D]Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

4. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that.

[A] few people qualify as “natural leaders”

[B] there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist

[C] “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group

[D] “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics

5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on.

[A] ensuring harmonious relationships

[B] sharing responsibility with group members

[C] identifying new leaders

[D] achieving a goal

1小题>、【正确答案】：D

2小题>、【正确答案】：C

3小题>、【正确答案】：A

4小题>、【正确答案】：B

5小题>、【正确答案】：D

【参考解析】：

1 .【解析】D主旨题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。A、B、C选项都不能正确概括本文主旨。

2.【解析】C细节理解题。A选项的招募(recruitment)和B选项选举程序(election process)都在第一段中作为大群体的领导者产生的方式被明确提到。D选项也在第一段中作为家庭领导者的产生的方式被明确提到。只有C选项没有作为产生领导者的一种方式在本文中被提及。

3.【解析】A推论题。A选项意思是:某一特定群体的有效领导者，不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者。这正好与第二段的意思相吻合，即领导者没有一个固定的特点，只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者(It seems…virtually any person ma y be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B选项和C选项的意思与本文无关。D选项意为:许多人想成为领导者，但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格。显然是对文章意思的曲解。

4.【解析】B细节理解题。第二段中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of natural leaders ”意思是说数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明那些人可以成为“天生领导者”，与B项意思一致。

5.【解析】D细节理解题。第三、四段主要讲了两种类型的领导者的区别。其中instrumental leader侧重于群体目标的实现，而expressive leader相对于前者并不侧重于群体目标的实现，而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持，并尽力减少内部纷争。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)

三、完型填空

第4题：

If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 1 in your work would depend,

to 2 great extent, 3 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.

4 the utmost importance is your attitude. A

person 5 begins a job convinced that he isn t

going to like it or is 6 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 7 his belief that he is probably as capable

8 doing the work as anyone else and who is

willing to make a cheerful attempt 9 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. 10 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book keeper who can t add or a carpenter who can t cut a straight line with a saw 11 hopeless cases. This book has been designed

to help you capitalize 12 the strength and overcome

the 13 that you bring to the job of learning. But

for your development, you must first 14 stock

of where you stand now. 15 we get further along

in the book, we ll be 1 6 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening17 skills. However,1 8 begin with, you

should pause 19 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 20, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.

1. [A] improvement[B] victory

[C] failure[D] achievement

2. [A] a [B] the

[C] some[D] certain

3. [A] in[B] on

[C] of[D] to

4. [A] Out of[B] Of

[C] To[D] Into

5.[A] who[B] what

[C] that[D] which

6.[A] ensure[B] certain

[C] sure[D] surely

7.[A] onto[B] on

[C] off[D] in

8.[A] to[B] at

[C] of[D] for

9.[A] near[B] on

[C] by[D] at

10. [A] Have[B] Had

[C] Having[D] Had been

11.[A] being[B] been

[C] are[D] is

12. [A] except[B] but

[C] for[D] on

13.[A] idea[B] weakness

[C] strength[D] advantage

14.[A] make[B] take

[C] do[D] give

15. [A] as[B] till

[C] over[D] out

16.[A] deal[B] dealt

[C] be dealt[D] dealing

17.[A] learnt [B] learned

[C] learning[D] learn

18.[A] around [B] to

[C] from[D] beside

19. [A] to [B] onto

[C] into[D] with

20.[A] intelligence [B] work

[C] attitude[D] weakness

1小题>、【正确答案】：C

2小题>、【正确答案】：A

3小题>、【正确答案】：B

4小题>、【正确答案】：B

5小题>、【正确答案】：A

6小题>、【正确答案】：C

7小题>、【正确答案】：D

8小题>、【正确答案】：C

9小题>、【正确答案】：D

10小题>、【正确答案】：C

11小题>、【正确答案】：D

12小题>、【正确答案】：D

13小题>、【正确答案】：B

14小题>、【正确答案】：B

15小题>、【正确答案】：A

16小题>、【正确答案】：D

17小题>、【正确答案】：C

18小题>、【正确答案】：B

19小题>、【正确答案】：A

20小题>、【正确答案】：C

【参考解析】：无

四、阅读理解

第5题：

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Earthquake

Can Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes?

The date was November 23, 1980. People near Naples, in Southern Italy, felt the Earth roll and Shake. Earthquake! Suddenly buildings came tumbling sown. Cracks appeared in the earth. Within minutes, entire towns were destroyed. Thousands of people were dead. Thousands more were injured.

As rescuers searched through the rubble, many people must have wondered, of only the victims had known ahead of time, many lives could have been saved.

Actually, and Italian scientist did predict that such a quake would happen. In 1977 Dr. M. Caputo of the Universite Degiles Studi in Rome warned that a large quake would soon strike the east of Naples. Unfortunately, he couldn t predict the ex act time and date of the quake.

Dr. Caputo made his general prediction after talking with scientists at 54 earthquake monitoring stations throughout Italy. He learned that many earthquakes had recently rocked different areas around

Naples. But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for many years. Dr. Caputo felt that the area was long overdue for a large quake. And it was.

Earthquake Strikes in Gap

The quake occurred in a region that Dr. Caputo called a seismic gap. A seismic gap is an area in an active earthquake region where no earthquake or seismic activity has been recorded in a long time. Seismic gaps are located where two large plates in the Earth have become stuck.

When the plates slide past each other, they sometimes became locked in place. A similar thing happens when you make a running leap on a sidewalk while wearing sneakers. When you land on both feet, the sneakers grab onto rough surface. Friction tends to hold your feet back while the rest of your body goes forward. You may end up falling flat on your face.

In the case of plates, however, the uneven surfaces between the plates cause the plates to remain locked in place for years. Huge pressure builds up behind each plate. Periodically, a shudder, or tremor, is recorded as some of this energy is released.

Finally, after about 50 years, rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under the great stress. This sudden release of energy sends shock Waves through the rock layers above. The ground shakes, sidewalks crack, and buildings tumble. A mighty quake has struck.

Gaps Used To Predict Quakes

Many geologists have used what is called the seismic gap technique to accurately predict earthquakes. The technique was first developed by Soviet earthquake expert Dr. V. Fodotov during his studies of ancient and recent Japanese earthquakes. Dr. Fodotov was marking the location, size, and date of all known quakes in Japan when he noticed a striking pattern.

All major earthquakes were found to occur in only a few isolated spots in Japan. Each of these spots, he noted, experienced a major quake only once every 50 to 60 years. Dr. Fodotov concluded that spots that hadn t had a quake in more than 50 years were “ripe” for a quake. The Russian scientist named these locations seismic gaps.

In the past several years, geologists from other countries have found seismic gaps in other parts of the world. After making detailed studies of past quakes in these regions, the geologists were able to make an accurate prediction of when a quake would occur.

How Do Animals Know When an Earthquake Is Coming?

Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some now helpers recently - animals.

That s right, animals. Scientists have begun to catch on to what farmers have known fo r thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their coop. all of this unusual behavior, as wall as physical changes in the earth, alerted Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.

One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes.

It s not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian stallion became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It s also difficult at times to tell the difference between normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”. A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.

A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.

A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were penned up in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. IA scientist who was recording tile quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs

had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.

In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we so measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists. 1.Since no one had predicted the precise date of the earthquake striking east of Naples, people there suffered heavy loss in the destruction.

2.A seismic gap is located at the junction of two interlocking plates in the earth, and where no seismic activity has been recorded for a long time.

3.From the passage we learn that a regular striking pattern can be found in an active earthquake region.

4.During an earthquake in China 1975, cows broke their halters and ran away from their sheds.

5.As it is used in paragraph 14, the word “cat” refers to a typical domestic cat.

6.All animals but men can notice tiny changed in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth.

7.The dogs mentioned in paragraph 16 had sensed both the low booms and the minor quakes following them.

1. [Y][N][NG]

2.[Y][N][NG]

3.[Y][N][NG]

4. [Y][N][NG]

5.[Y][N][NG]

6.[Y][N][NG]

7. [Y][N][NG]

8.Dr. Caputo based his prediction upon the fact that lots of earthquakes had recently occurred in all areas around Naples but its.

9.According to the author s information, once every 50 years or so, a mighty earthquake will be recorded at.

10.Chinese scientists evacuated people fromafter they had noticed the strange behavior of some animals as well as physical changes in the earth.

1小题>【参考答案】：

Y

2小题>【参考答案】：

Y

3小题>【参考答案】：

Y

4小题>【参考答案】：

N

5小题>【参考答案】：

N

6小题>【参考答案】：

N

7小题>【参考答案】：

Y

8小题>【参考答案】：

east

9小题>【参考答案】：

the seismic gap

10小题>【参考答案】：

the danger zone/the prospective quake zone

五、翻译

第6题：

I should say Henry is(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter

【参考答案】：

not so much a writer

第7题：

In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children. 【参考答案】：

play indispensable roles

第8题：

Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment(以便实验能顺利进行).

【参考答案】：

so that it could be conducted smoothly

第9题：

Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now (现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍).

【参考答案】：

is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.

第10题：

How close parents are to their children (有很强的影响) the character of the children.

【参考答案】：

has a strong influence on

六、写作题

第11题：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率。

2. 竞争促使生产出更好的产品和更优质的服务。

3. 竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。

Competition

【参考答案】：

【写作思路】

要求写一篇关于竞争的议论文。要求从以下几个方面阐述：竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率;竞争促使生产出更好的产品和更优质的服务;竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。

【参考范文】

Competition

Competition makes people more creative and effective. It urges them to plan better, to try harder, and to achieve more. With a desire to excel in their work, people tend to perform more creatively and more efficiently.

Competition helps produce better products and services. In the present world of intense competition, every manufacture tries his best to outmatch his competitor by producing goods of better quality at lower costs. As a result, consumers pay less and receive better service.

Competition promotes further development of society. If there were no competition, people would remain complacent and be unwilling to make any efforts or risk anything new. However, with fierce competition going on, they exert themselves to accomplish more. Their accomplishment will, in one way or another, contribute to the progress of society.