Monarchs since the Norman Conquest in 1066
Monarchs since the Norman Conquest in 1066
showing the dates of their reigns
House of Normandy House of Stuart
1066-1087 William I 1603-1625 James I
1087-1100 William II 1625-1649 Charles I
1100-1135 Henry I
1135-1154 Stephen 1649-1653 Commonwealth/protectorate
1653-1658 Protectorate of
House of Plantagenet Oliver Cromwell
1154-1189 Henry II 1658-1659 Protectorate of
1189-1199 Richard I Richard Cromwell
1199-1216 John House of Stuart restored
1216-1272 Henry III 1660-1685 Charles II
1272-1307 Edward I 1685-1688 James II
1307-1327 Edward II 1689-1694 William and Mary (jointly) 1327-1377 Edward III
1377-1399 Richard II House of Orange
1694-1702 William III (sole ruler) House of Lancaster 1702-1714 Anne
1399-1413 Henry IV
1413-1422 Henry V House of Hanover
1422-1461 Henry VI 1714-1727 George I
1727-1760 George II
House of York 1760-1820 George III
1461-1483 Edward IV 1820-1830 George IV
1483 Edward V 1830-1837 William IV
1483-1485 Richard III 1837-1901 Victoria
House of Tudor House of Saxe-Coburg
1485-1509 Henry VII 1901-1910 Edward VII
1509-1547 Henry VIII
1547-1553 Edward VI House of Windsor
1553-1558 Mary I 1910-1936 George V (a Saxe-Coburg until 1917)
1558-1603 Elizabeth I 1936 Edward VIII
1936-1952 George VI
1952- Elizabeth II
Kings of England (with dates of birth and death)
?Alfred the Great, King of England. (849-901)
?Athelstan, King of England. (c895-940)
?Canute, the Dane, King of England. (c994-1035)
?Charles I., King of England. (1600-1649)
?Edgar, King of England. (944-975)
?St.Edmund, King of the East Angles. (?-870)
?Edmund I., Edmund the Elder, King of England. (c922-946)
?Edmund II., Edmund Ironside, King of England. (c981-1016)
?Edred, King of England. (?-955)
?Edwy, King of England. (c940-959)
?Egbert, King of England. (?-837)
?Ethelbert, King of Kent. (c552-616)
?Ethelbert, King of England. (?-866)
?Ethelred I., King of England (?-871)
?Ethelred II., King of England, the Unready. (c968-1016)
?Ethelwolf, King of England. (?-857)
?Edward the Elder, King of England. (?-925)
?Edward the Martyr, King of England. (c962-978)
?Edward the Confessor, King of England. (c1005-1066)
?Edward I., King of England. (1239-1307)
?Edward II., King of England. (1284-1327)
?Edward III., King of England. (1312-1377)
?Edward IV., King of England. (1441-1483)
?Edward V., Prince of Wales, Earl of Ludlow, King of England. (1470-1483) ?Edward VI., King of England. (1537-1553)
?Edward VII., King of England. (1537-1553)
?Edward VIII., King of England. (1894-1972)
?Edwin, King of Northumbria. (?-638)
?George I., Lewis, King of England. (1660-1727)
?George II., Augustus, King of England. (1683-1760)
?George III., William Frederick, King of England. (1738-1820)
?George IV., Augustus Frederick, King of England. (1762-1830)
?George V., King of England. (1865-1936)
?George VI., King of England. (1895-1952)
?Hardicanute King of England and Denmark. (1018-1041)
?Harold I., Harefoot, King of England. (?-1039)
?Harold II., King of England. (c1026-1066)
?Henry I., King of England. (1068-1135)
?Henry II., King of England. (1133-1189)
?Henry III., King of England. (1207-1272)
?Henry IV., King of England. (1366-1413)
?Henry V., King of England. (1388-1422)
?Henry VI., King of England. (1421-1471)
?Henry VII., King of England. (1456-1509)
?Henry VIII., King of England. (1491-1547)
?Ina, King of the West Saxons. (6??-7??)
?James I. of England, and VI of Scotland. (1566-1625)
?John, King of England. (1166-1216)
?Offa, King of Mercia. (?-794)
?Oswald, King of Northumbria. (?-642)
?Penda, King of Mercia. (c580-655)
?Richard I., the Lionheart, King of England. (1157-1199)
?Richard II., King of England. (1366-1400)
?Richard III., King of England, Duke of Gloucester. (1450-1485)
?Stephen, King of England. (c 1096-1154)
?William I., the Conqueror, King of England, Duke of Normandy. (1027-1087) ?William II., Rufus, King of England. (c1060-1100)
?William III., King of England (with Mary) Prince of Orange. (1650-1702)
?William IV., King of England. (1765-1837)
before／ago,since用法
before和ago都能表示在一段时间以前，但是二者的内涵和具体用法有明显的区别： 1. before表示从过去或将来某一时间算起多少时间以前，由于与这一时间状语连用的行为先发生在过去或将来某一时刻之前，因此往往出现在过去完成时态或将来完成时态中。例如： ①I called him up last night，but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before. ②She said that she had married him five years before. 2.如果不具体表明多少时间以前，before意为"从前；以前"，表示从现在开始追溯到过去一段时间，或者主句的谓语动词表示的是经常、反复发生的行为，以副词的形式置于句末，可以用在现在完成时态中。例如： ①I have never been to Beijing before. ②Have you ever seen a tiger before? ③I often go over the lessons that I have learned a few days before. 注意：before前的时间状语如果是特定的，含义不一样。试比较： He said he had arrived here a day before. (一天前) He said he had arrived here the day before. (前一天) 3. ago指的是从现在起到过去时间的某一点的一段时间。这个时间状语常与一般过去时态或过去进行时态连用。例如： ①I graduated from the college twenty years ago. ②I was asked what I was doing a month ago. 4. 表示在某一时间点或事件以前时，只能用before，不用ago。因为这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这种功能。例如： ①He will come back before eleven o'clock.
人教版英语八年级下册试题since 和 for 的用法(用于现在完成时)
初中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji since 和for 的用法(用于现在完成时) 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 1. since : a).since +时间点①年代②时刻数③一段时间+ago b).现在完成时：主句(主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词)+ since +从句一般过去时 c) It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式 d).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式 for +一段时间 练习： 用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here 12). He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13). I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14). Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15). She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16). It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 2. for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago 3. 与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。 1) come/go to ------ be at /in 2)leave ----be away from 3)buy ----have 4) borrow /lend -----keep 4)open ---be open 5)close---be closed 6) die---be dead 7) start/begin ----be on 8) join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier 9) become –be 10) fall asleep ---be asleep 11)catch a cold – have a cold 12) have/has gone to → have been in 13) put on → wear14) finish/end → be over 15) marry → be married 练习：.短暂性转换延续性 1) His grandfather died two years ago . His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years. _____two years _____ his grandfather ____. Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____. 2) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________. 3) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________. 4) The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. 5)He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. 6)The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.How time flies! 7)They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 8)I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________. 9)They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________. 10)The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 11)My brother joined the army two years ago.
it was+ 一段时间+since还是before从句
1. It is +一段时间+ since从句 在“It is +时间段+ since从句” 句型中，如果since从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词，表示肯定意义；如果since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示否定意义。例如： 1) It is / has been ten years since he left Beijing. 译文：自从他离开北京已经十年了。分析：since从句中的left是leave的过去式，是瞬间性动词，表示肯定的意思，left译为“离开” 2) It is / has been ten years since he was a doctor. 他不当医生已经十年了。 分析：since从句中的系表结构表示一种状态，这种状态是延续性的，表示否定意义，译为“不是，不当” 注：时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。 2. It was / will be +一段时间+
before从句 1) 在“It was + 一段时间+ before从句” 句型中，若主句是一般过去式，从句也是一般过去式时： ①若主句是肯定句，翻译成“过了多长时间之后才……”例： It was long before they found their son. 过了很久他们才找到他们的儿子。 ②若主句是否定形式，翻译成“没过多久就……” 例：It was not long before the couple met again. 没过多久这对夫妻就见面了。 2) 在“It will be + 一段时间+ before 从句”句型中，若主句是一般将来时，从句也是一般现在时： ①若主句是肯定句，翻译成“要过多长时间之后才……” 例：It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后，我才回来。 ②若主句是否定形式，翻译成“用不了多久就……” 例：It won’t be long before we meet
because,since,as,for的用法区别
because、since、as、for的用法区别 because、since、as、for这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：because→since→as→for。其中because、since和as均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for是并列连词，引导并列句。 ?because because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放在主句之后，也可以单独存在例如： (1)Istayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨，我呆在家里。 (2)B ecause Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因为生病，没有上学。 (3)—Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? —Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 (4)此外，在强调句型中只能用because。例如， It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上学迟到是因为我错过了早班车。 ?since since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为、既然”，语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如： (1)Si nce he asks you, you’ll tell him why. 他既然问你了，那就告诉他为什么吧。 (2)Si nce everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就是出发吧。 (3)Since I understood very little Japanese, I c ouldn’t follow the conversation. 我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。 ?as as是常用词，它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，由于理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。例如：
(完整版)现在完成时sincefor练习
练习 一.用since和for填空 1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten y ears __________ she left the city. 二.单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
after,before,since用法区别
after，before，since用法区别 1.after的用法小结 1. 用作介词，与一段时间连用表示“在…之后”时，注意它与in的区别：after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，且通常与过去时态连用；而in则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后： He came backafter two days. 他两天后就回来了。 He will come back in twodays. 他过两天就回来。 但after 若是与一点时间连用，则可与过去时态也可与将来时态连用： H e came back after 4 o’clock. 他是四点钟以后回来的。 He will come back after next month. 他将在下个月以后回来。 2. 用作连词引导时间状语从句时注意：若主句用将来时态(或含有将来意味)，则时间状语从句要用一般现在时态(表将来意义)，而不能直接使用将来时态：他回来后我就走。 正：I’ll leave after he comes back. 误：I’ll leave after he will come back. 3. 用作副词，表示“后来”、“ (一段时间)以后”，通常放在表示时间的副词之后：soon after 不久以后 two days after 两天后 4. 用于习语after all 终究，毕竟： I was right after all. 毕竟我是对的。 After all, he’s only six years old. 毕竟，他才六岁。 2.Before的用法小结 高三课本第十五单元，INTER GATING SKILLS 和WORKBOOK READING部分有如下的句子： ⒈The shop was successful，but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work. ⒉However，it probably will not be long before the other mountainous areas of China such as Sichuan，Xinjiang and Yunnan are developed，and as more facilities become available，prices will almost certainly fall. 其中涉及到before的用法，下面就其用法进行总结。 一、可以用作介词 ⒈)指时间上早于，在……之前，如： She has lived here since before the war. 她从战前就一直在这儿住。 ⒉)指位置在前面，如：
since通常和什么时态连用
since(自从)通常连用什么时态 一、since通常通常搭配的时态 当since表示“自从”时，不管它是用作介词、连词还是副词，它通常都要与现在完成时连用。如： I’ve worn glasses since my childhood.我从小就戴眼镜。 The works have been closed since January. 一月份以来这些厂就关闭了。 He’s put on a lot of weight since he gave up smoking.他戒烟后体重增加了许多。 Nothing has happened since. 从那以后未发生什么事。 She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦此后一直在报社工作。 有时连用现在完成进行时。如： He has been working since noon. 他从中午就开始工作了。 二、since搭配时态的特殊情况 虽然since通常要与现在完成时连用，但在以下情况，它也可以连用除完成时态以外的其他时态： 1. 当主句表示“多长时间”时，动词可用一般现在时（当然也可用现在完成时）。如：It’s a long time since I met you last.好久不见了。 It’s just a week since we arrived here.我们到这里才一个星期。 It’s a long time since I met you last.从上次见到你，已有很长时间了。 以上各句的it is也可换成 it has been，不过在口语或非正式文体中，用一般现在时的情形比较普遍。 2. 当主句谓语动词为seem等连系动词时。如： It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。 It seems like years since I last saw you. 从上次见到你以来好像已经有许多年了。 3. 当主句和从句表示情况“变化”时。如： She doesn’t come round to see us so much since her marriag e. 自从结了婚，她不怎么过来看我们了。（原来经常来，结婚后就不怎么来了）
现在完成时Since和for的用法
现在完成时Since和for的用法 Since 和for 的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间(数词+量词)，此划线部分用how long提问。 一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。 二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。如： We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。 练习：用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years __________she left the city. 2.短暂性转换延续性
since从句和 before从句
It is +时间段+ since从句和It was / will be + 一段时间 + before从句 1.表示过去的情况 在“It is +时间段+ since从句(从句用一般过去时)”句型中， 如果since从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词，表示肯定意义；如果since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示否定意义。 1) It is / has been ten years since he left Beijing. 自从他离开北京已经十年了。 分析：since从句中的left是leave的过去式，是瞬间性动词，表示肯定的意思，left译为“离开” 2) It is / has been ten years since he was a doctor. 他不当医生已经十年了。 分析：since从句中的系表结构表示一种状态，这种状态是延续性的，表示否定意义，译为“不是，不当” 注：时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。 2.表示过去的情况 “It was+ 一段时间 + since从句(从句用过去完成时had done)”，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时； “It had been + 一段时间 + since从句(从句用一般过去时)”即主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 It was three years since Jack had been a teacher. 杰克不当老师已经三年了。 3. It was / will be + 一段时间 + before从句 1) 在“It was + 一段时间 + before从句”句型中，若主句是一般过去式，从句也是一般过去式时： ①若主句是肯定句，翻译成“过了多长时间之后才……” It was long before they found their son. 过了很久他们才找到他们的儿子。②若主句是否定形式，翻译成“没过多久就……” It was not long before the couple met again. 没过多久这对夫妻就见面了。 2) 在“It will be + 一段时间 + before从句”句型中，若主句是一般将来时，从句也是一般现在时： ①若主句是肯定句，翻译成“要过多长时间之后才……” 例： It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后，我才回来。②若主句是否定形式，翻译成“用不了多久就……” It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就会见面。
中考英语：since与for用法
现在完成时态中的since 与for 1. 实例： We have studied English for more than 2 years. 我们学英语已有两年多时间了。 She has been ill since last Sunday. 她从上周星期天一直病到现在。 2. 用法说明： (1) 介词for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久，提问时用how long；since 作为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)，since 表示“自…以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与for 或since 引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是持续性的(如上面两句中的动词study 和be) (2) 英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, bec ome, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语for 或since 短语连用。如：正：He has come back. 他已回来。 误：He has come back for three days. 若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状语及动词时态) It’s three days since he came back. (改变句型) (3) 非持续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：(https://www.360docs.net/doc/234890095.html,) I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。 He hasn’t come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。 I haven’t heard from her since she left. 自他离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
before句型辨析与解析
before句型辨析与解析 It + will be + 时间段+ before等表示“在……之后……才”的句型总结 一、用于句型“It + will be + 时间段+ before...”句型中，表示“要过多久才…”，也可用于“It + may be + 时间段+ before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”。Before 后的句子中用一般现在时态。 其否定形式“It will/would not be +时间段+ before…”表示“不久就……，过不了多久就……”。 （1）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when （2）—How long do you think it will be ______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? —Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before （3）It ________ long before we _______ the result of the experiment. A. will not be...will know B. is...will know C. will not be...know D. is...know (4) Scientists say it may be five or six years_________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 解析：答案为BDCC。考题 （1）(2)before 用于肯定的“It + will be + 时间段+ before...”句型中，表示“要过多久…才…”。 （3）before在本题中用于否定句,意为“过不了多久就会……”, 状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，可知C项为正确答案,句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。 （4）宾语从句中含有句型“It + may be + 时间段+ before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”，故选择答案C。 二、用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。其否定形式“ it was not +时间段+ before …” 意为“不久就……”, “没过（多长时间）就……”。 It was some time ___________we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。before用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示“过了（多长时间）才……”。该题题意是“过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相”。故正确答案为C项。 表示“在……之后……才”。副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。 The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. A. after B. before C. when D. then 解析：答案为B。本题考查连词before表示“在……之后才……”之的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B。 三、表示“……还没来得及……就……”。目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。 —Why didn't you tell him about the meeting? — He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 解析：答案为A。本题考查连词before表示“……还没来得及……就……”的用法。句意是“我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间”。 四、表示“在……之前就……”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。 It was evening______ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。本题考查连词before表示“在……之前就……”的用法。句意是“我们到达小镇Winchester 之前就已经是傍晚时分了”。 五、表示“趁……”，“等到……”，或“没等……就…… ”等。
as because for since用法区别
because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为： because→since→as→for;其中because, since, as均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词，引导并列句。 1. because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如： (1)I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里。 (2)Because Lingling was ill, she didn”t come to school. 玲玲因病，没有上学。 (3)�Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席？ �Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 此外，在强调句型中，只能用because。例如： (4)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。 2. since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”、“既然”，语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如： (1)Since he asks you, you”ll tell him why. 他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。 (2)Since everyone is here, let”s start. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！ (3)Since I understood very littl e Japanese, I couldn”t follow the conversation. 我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。 3. as是常用词，它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。例如： (1)We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 (2)As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。 (3)As Xiaowang was not ready, we went without him. 由于小王没有准备好，我们只好不带他去了。 4. for用作连词时，与because相似，但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况。for 不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，因此for被看作等立连词，它所引导的分句只能
现在完成时与完成进行时for和since练习题
现在完成时练习题 I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空 1.I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2.Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago. 3.Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4.“Have you ________ seen the film”“No, I have ________ seen it.” 5.“Has the bus left _______”“Yes, it has _________ left.” II. 用since和for填空 A. 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here B. 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 6. I've been practicing the piano since 10∶30. 7. Mario has been running ____ 15 minutes. 8. Sarah has been sleeping ____ 9∶00. 9. Dale has been talking on the phone ____ five minutes. 10. Louie has been studying Chinese ____ he was six years old. 11. I've been watching you ____ ten minutes. 12. She?has?done?her?homework?_________?two?hours. 13. Tom?has?been?swimming??_________?an?hour. 14. They?have?learnd?English?________?they?came?to?school. 15. They?have?been?in?the?room?__________8?o’clock. 16. We?have?studied?English?_________several?years. 17. I?have?been?living?in?Xi’an?_________I?was?born. 18. She?has?worked?here?_________?2006. 19. Mary?has?been?running?_________?she?came?here. 20.?Ann?has?been?learning?English?since?2003.（选出同义词组） A.?for?2003 B.?since?about?6?years? C.?6?years?ago D.?for?about?6?years III. 用过去时或现在完成时填空： 1. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet” “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.” 2. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework”“Not yet.” 3. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad”“Yes, just once.” 4. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work. 5. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now. 6. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words. 7. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
现在完成时since for练习
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 练习 一.用since和for填空 1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 二.单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .