人教版2018-2019学年初二英语上册全册知识要点短语句型语法讲解

初中英语八年级上册复习要点

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

重点短语：

（1）go on vacation 去度假（2）stay at home 呆在家（3）go to the mountains 去爬山（4）go to the beach去沙滩（5）visit museums 参观博物馆（6）go to summer camp 去夏令营（7）quite a few 相当多，不少（8）study for……为…而学习（9）go out 出去（10）most of the time 大多数时间（11）taste good 尝起来不错（12）have a good time过得愉快（13）feel like 感受到（14）go shopping 去买东西（15）in the past 在过去（16）walk around…..四处走走（17）too many 太多

（18）because of+短语因为

（19）one bowl of 一碗。。。（20）find out 查明，弄清（21）take photos 照相

（22）something important 重要的事情（23）up and down 上上下下（24）come up 上来（25）of course 当然（26）come down 下来

重点语法：

（1）Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.

（2）Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.

（3）Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. （4）How was the food? Everything tasted really good.

（5）Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.

习惯用法：

（1）buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

（2）taste + adj. 尝起来……

（3）nothing ….but + V.(原形)

除了…之外什么都没有（4）seem + (to be) + adj 看起来（5）. arrive in + 大地方

arrive at + 小地方到达某地

（6）decide to do sth. 决定做某事（7）. try doing sth. 尝试做某事（9）try one`s best to do sth尽力做某事（10）enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事（11）want to do sth.想去做某事（12）start doing sth. 开始做某事（13）stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop to do sth停下来做某事（14）look + adj 看起来

（15）dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事（16）Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？

（17）so + adj + that + 从句如此…以

（18）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人

（不要）做某事

（19） keep doing sth. 继续做某事

（20）.forget to do sth . 忘记去做某事 （未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某 事(已做)

词语辨析： ○

1anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。 anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.

somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. ○

2 seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today. seem + to do sth . 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold

I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎….It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.

○

3decide to do sth .决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave .

○4 start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。 He started doing his homework.

○

5over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.

○6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。

We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.

○

7 because of 因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。

He can’t take a walk because of the rain .

because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。

○

8too,…to 太….以至于不能…. Mother is too tired to go to school. ○

9have fun doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣 Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

短语：

（1）help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

（2）go shopping 去买东西

（3）on weekends 在周末

（4）how often 多少次

（5）hardly ever 几乎从不

（6）once a week 一星期一次

（8）go to the movies 去看电影 （9）every day 每天 （10）use the Internet 上网 （11）be free ＝be not busy=have time 有空 （12）have dance and piano lessons

（13）swing dance 摇摆舞（14）play tennis 打乒乓球（15）stay up late熬夜到很晚（16）go to sleep 睡觉（17）go to bed上床睡觉（18）at least 至少，不少于，起码（19）go to bed early 上床睡觉早（20）play sports 做运动（21）be good for对….有好处（22）be good at doing sth擅长做某事

（23）go camping去野营（24）in one’s free time 在某人的业余（25）the most popular 最受欢迎的（26）such as 例如….像….这样（27）go to the dentist看牙科医生（28）more than多于

（29）old habits lie hard旧习难改（30）less than少于

（31）junk food垃圾食品

（32）take care of sb照料某人

（33）look after sb照顾某人

（34）have to do sth必须做某事（35）get in…进入…

（36）be late for迟到

时间里

语法要点：

（1）What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.

（2）What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework. （3）What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping. （4）How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month. （5）How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.

（6）Do you go shopping? No, I neve r go shopping.

习惯用法：

1. help sb. with sth＝have sb do sth 帮助某人做某事

2. How about doing…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？

3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句….有多少…..

5. 主语+ find+ that 从句…发现…

6.It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的

7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光

8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事

9. by doing sth. 通过做某事

10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？

11 start doing sth. 开始做某事

12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

13.full of满的

15.not….at all 一点儿也不I don`t like it at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢它。

词语辨析：

1. free空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time. I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.

2. How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使

用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。

How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?

3. stay up late指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don’t stay up late next time.

stay up指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.

4. go to bed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven

last night.

go to sleep强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.

5. find + 宾语+名词, 发现：We have found him (to be) a good boy.

find + 宾语+ 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.

find + 宾语+ 现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.

6. percent 百分数，基数词+ percent：percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据

所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.

7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替

换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.

8. afraid形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。

I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.

be afraid of sb / sth害怕某人/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.

I’m afraid + 从句，恐怕，担心：I’m afraid I have to go now.

9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：

sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位

sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.如：

week?

some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many

some time 名词短语，一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，

here?

10.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。

How often do you play sports? Three times a week.

how long多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。

How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?

how fa r 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

短语归纳与用法：

（1）more outgoing更外向15）as…as…与……一样……

（2）the singing competition唱歌比赛（16）be similar to与……相像的/类似的（3）the same as和……相同；与……一致（17）be different from与……不同（4）care about关心；介意（18）be like a mirror像一面镜子

（5）the most important最重要的（19）as long as只要；既然

（6）bring out使显现；使表现出（20）get better grades取得更好的成绩（7）reach for伸手取（21）in fact事实上；实际上

（8）make friends交朋友（22）the other其他的

（9）touch one’s heart感动某人（23）be talented in music有音乐天赋（10）be good at擅长…… （24）be good with善于与……相处（11）have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣（25）be good at doing sth擅长

做某事（12）make sb. do sth.让某人做某事（26）want to do sth.想要做某事（13）as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样……

（14）It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是……的。

语法知识：

（1）Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.（2）Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. （3）Are you as friendly as your sister? No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.

（4）Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.

（5）Who’s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.

词语辨析：

（1）laugh v. & n. 笑

We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。

（与at连用）嘲笑

Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。

People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。

名词：笑；笑声We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。（2）though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管= although

Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。

注意：在though引导的从句后不使用but。如：

Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）

though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。

Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater

重点句型：

1. It has the biggest screens.

2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.

3. How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？

4. Thanks forget telling me.

5. Can I ask you some questions?

重点短语：

（1）movie theater电影院（2）be close to…离……近

（3）clothes store服装店（4）in town在镇上

（5）so far到目前为止（6）10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10

分钟的路程

（7）talent show才艺表演（8）have….in common有相同特征（想法、兴趣

方面）相同

（9）around the world世界各地；全世界（10）more and more……越来越……（11）and so on等等（12）all kinds of……各种各样的（13）be up to是……的职责；由……决定（14）not everybody并不是每个人

（16）play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有影响

（17）play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用

（18）no problem 没什么，别客气（19）for example例如

（20）take…seriously认真对待

（21）give sb. sth.给某人某物（22）come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到（23）play a role 发挥作用，有影响（24）Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。（25）much+ adj./adv.的比较级…得多（26）watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事（27）play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色（28）one of+可数名词的复数……之一（29）Can I ask you some…?我能问你

一些……吗？

（30）How do you like…?（31）What do you think of…?你认为…怎么样? （32）how much…….?多少钱？（33）How far……?多远？

（34）How many……?多少？（35）How long…..?多长？

Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?

重要短语：

（1）find out 查明，弄清（2）be ready to do 准备好做某事（3）dress up 装扮，乔装打扮（4）take sb`s place 代替，替换（5）do a good job 干得好（6）think of +名词或动词短语认为….（7）game shows 游戏节目（8）learn from向…学习从…..获得（9）talk shows 脱口秀（10）soap opera肥皂剧（11）go on 发生（12）watch a movie观看一场电影（13）one of the main reasons 最主要的原因之一（14）watch a sitcom观看一部

情景喜剧（15）action movies 动作电影（16）come out 出版，发行

（17）try one’s best 尽力，竭尽全力（18）a pair of 一双，一对…（19）as famous as 一样著名（20）look like 看起来像

（21）around the world 世界各地（22）have a discussion about…就…….讨论（23）one day 有一天（24）such as 比如

（25）a symbol of …..的象征（26）something enjoyable令人愉快的东西（27）interesting information有趣的资料（28）happen to do sth.碰巧做某事（29）expect to do sth.盼望做某事（30）TV shows 电视节目

重要句型：

（1）What do you think of talk shows? I don’t mind them.

（2）I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you?

常用法：

（1）let sb do sth. 让某人做某事（8）plan to do sth.计划做某事（2）hope to do sth. 希望做某事（9）mind doing sth 介意做某事

（3）expect to do sth. 期待做某事（10）How（what）about doing…做某事怎么样？（4）be always ready to do sth. 总是准备做某事，随时随地可以从事某事

（5）try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事（11）become +adj 变得…..

（6）not so …..as 不像…那样….；不如…..这么…

（7）thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做某事

Thank you for sth 谢谢你的……

（8）love doing sth 喜爱做某事

语词辨析：

1.the other, the others, other, others,another

the other表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：

He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.

the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词= any other + 名词单数。例：

You two stay here, the others go with me.

I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.

other作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：

We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.

others作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：

Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.

another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：

I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.

2.find out查明，弄清楚，find 找到

Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.

3. go on 发生，与take place 同义

I wonder what was going on.

翻译：隔壁发生了什么？？

4.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。

Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.

Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事

An accident happened on Park Street.

Happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.

Sb + happens to do sth.

I happened to see my uncle on the street.

* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：

Great changes have taken place in China.

The meeting will take place next Friday.

5.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：

1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。

I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.

2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事

Lily expects to come back next week.

3)expect sb. to do sth.

I expect my mother to come back early.

4)expect + 从句预计……

I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.

6. serious a.严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.

be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真

Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.

be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真He’s serious about selling his house.

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science

短语：

grow up every day be sure about make sure

send…to…

be able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of

in common at the beginning of write down have to do with

take up hardly ever too…to…

短语用法：

want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形

learn to do sth. finish doing sth

promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.

remember to do sth. agree to do sth.

love to do sth.

be going to 的用法

1） be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他。He is going to take the bus there. 否定句：主语+ be not going to + 动词原形+ 其他I’m not going to see my frie nds this weekend.

一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be not. Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？

What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends? 2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用be going to + 地点

We are going to Beijing for a holiday.

3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。

The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.

4) be going to 与will 的区别：

①对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至句首。

Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.

③陈述将来的某个事实用will.

I will ten years old next year.

④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用will.

I’m tired I will go to bed.

⑤表示意愿用will.

I’ll tell you the truth.

⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用be going to, 而不用will.

1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：

2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.

3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.

promise n. 允诺，诺言

Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.

2.when 与while 的区别：

when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.

When she arrives, I’ll call you.

while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.

Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.

3. practice vt. 练习，后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。

Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.

常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：

考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.

承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy.

避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.

否认完成能欣赏：deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.

不禁介意与逃亡：can’t help , mind, escape.

不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine.

4. everyday 与every day 区别

everyday adj. 每天的在句中作定语，位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.

every day 副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。He reads books every day.

Unit 7 Will people have robots?

短语：

on computers on paper live to be 200 years old

free time

in danger on the earth play a part in sth

space station

look for computer programmer in the future

huandreds of

the same…as over and over again get bored

look like fall down

用法：

will + 动词原形将要做fewer/more + 可数名词复数

更少/更多…

less/more + 不可数名词更少/更多try to do sth. 尽力做某事

have to do sth 不得不做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

such + 名词（词组）如此play a part in doing sth 参与做某事

make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

There will be + 主语+ 其他将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做…

It is + 形容词+ for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的

语法：

What will the future be like? Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees.

Will people use money in 100 years? No, they won’t. Everythi ng will be free. Will there be world peace? Yes, I hope so.

Kids will stuffy at home on computers. They won’t go to school.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns There will be more people. There will be more pollution. There will be fewer trees. There will be less free time.

词语辨析：

1. every 与each 的区别：

every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj. every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。each adj./ pron.

Every teacher knows her.

There are lots of trees on each side of the road.

Each of the road has a dictionary.

2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。

All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?

3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊