2-Unit4 Cultural Encounters答案综合教程二

Unit 4 Cultural Encounters

Key to the Exercises

Text comprehension

I.

B

II.

1. T;

2. F;

3. T;

4. T;

5. T.

III.

1. “snail mail”.

2. “an essential stepping stone on the road to success”.

3. “the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society”.

4. “the means to shape our views of the world”.

5. “to negotiate the boundaries between languages and to compromise in translation”.

6. “to use linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality and to shape language accordingly”.

IV.

1. The age we are living provides us with convenient ways to reach any part of the world.

2. It seems that everyone is able to always get in touch with anyone else if he or she can afford to.

3. is the most important to society.

4. This is a fundamental skill in today’s world, where different cultures interact.

5. Lots of people are finding ways to interrelate different cultures.

Structural analysis of the text

1. The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.”

2. Paragraph 4: The lack of an e xact counterpart of the English word “homesickness” in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.

Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible translators encountered.

Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; The word “democracy” means completely different things in different contexts; the flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.

Vocabulary

I. Phrase practice

1. provided =as long as 假如，倘若

need never be out of touch =can never fail to be reached 从不会失去联系

2. regardless of =no matter 不管，不顾

3. overlook at our peril =fail to notice at great risk 忽视……的危险或风险

4. hovers somewhere in and around all those words =may be described by these words to varying degrees

5. hit the problem of untranslatability head-on = were directly confronted with the problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into another

II.

1. stepping stone;

2. at their peril;

3. serve;

4. mentality;

5. staple;

6. facilitating;

7. messaging;

8. hybrid.

III. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. economy

2. accessible

3. fundamentally

4. homesick

5. negotiable

6. adjusted

7. remoteness

8. complacently

IV.

1. D;

2. C;

3. A;

4. D;

5. B;

6. A;

7. B;

8. C.

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. Synonym: time, era, epoch

2. Synonym: meetings

3. Synonym: basic, fundamental

4. Antonym: misshape

5. Synonym: unavoidably

6. Synonym: worry, concern, anxiety

7. Antonym: hide, conceal

VI. Prefix

Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in the given word. 1. unbelievable 2. imperfect

3. disagreement

4. misplace

5. malfunction

6. enable

7. surpass 8. submarine

Grammar

I. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb forms.

1. helps

2. hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go; are going.

3. is being.

4. is typing

5. am not eating.

6. am reading

7. are always leaving.

8. go; belongs; wants; is using.

9. is boiling.

10. is putting; is rewiring; is building.

II. Correct the errors.

1. is passing → passes; is shooting → shoots.

2. OK.

3. are crying.

4. OK.

5. am knowing → know.

6. am gathering → gather.

7. work → am working.

8. do → are; sneeze → sneezing.

III.

thank; are dispatching; regret; have; are contacting; hear; enclose/are enclosing; decide; have; are listed; regret; hope; enclose/are enclosing.

IV.

1. a. The speaker is complaining; b. The speaker gives a fact.

2. a. am considering; b. have the opinion.

3. a. It suggests a permanent nature; b. It suggests a temporary behaviour.

4. a. is taking care of; b. have no objection to.

5. a. am waiting for; b. believe.

6. a. am waiting for; b. believe.

V. Position of adjectives

Rewrite the following descriptions putting the adjectives in the correct order.

1. a large pair of red woolen socks

2. a powerful new white German car

3. a small rectangular grey Japanese radio

4. a big modern concrete office building

5. a medium size French stainless steel saucepan

6. a superb medieval rose-shaped stained-glass window

7. a prominent triangular red road sign

8. a tiny black and white Chinese dog

Translation

I.

1．因此，你也许会问，为什么还有人会对这些绝妙的发展顾虑重重？为什么英语成为世界语言会让一部分人惴惴不安？

2．不同的文化并不仅仅是给世界贴上不同标签的人群；语言给了我们塑造世界观的工具，而语言又是不一样的。

3．当千百万人在学习文化沟通的时候，英语国家却越来越沾沾自喜，以为懂得英语就足够了，因而削减了外语课程。

4．最能推动这一进程的不一定是那些掌握了最新技术、拥有最先进手机的人，而是那些能够理解众多不同语言的言内之意、言下之意以及言外之意的人。

II.

1. Children may swim here provided that they are accompanied by adults.

2. This American journalist made a fool of himself over his remarks about China, because he’s been out of touch with what’s been happening in the country in the past three decades.

3. Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her family background, sex and age.

4. The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to some problems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.

5. Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend your holiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur.

6. In the movie that billionaire was faced with a dilemma — either divorces his wife, who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murders her at the risk of being found out by the police.

7. As the husband lost his job in the financial crisis, the new couple had to cut down on a lot of things—furniture, clothes, records, books, and so on.

8. Over thirty years ago, right after the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping told the people that the only way out lay in reform and opening up to the outside world.

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, / English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, / especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations / and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education / as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

II. Cloze

(1) another (2) many (3) language (4) while (5) without

(6) beginning (7) gestures (8) leads (9) never (10) until

Writing Practice

Now write two separate paragraphs based on the following two topic sentences with the comparison-and-contrast strategy. The point-by-point method is recommended.

1. I prefer South Korean love stories on TV to the Chinese ones.

Ideas for reference:

feasibility of love

smoothness of love

fun of love

Sample:

I prefer South Korean love stories on TV to the Chinese ones. Korean love soaps never fail to convey the important message that love is somewhere ahead waiting for you, in spite of your humble origin, weight problem, or unladylike manners. In contrast, love on Chinese TV is, more often than not, an unworthy adventure that brings pain rather than joy. Lovebirds in Korea seem always to be so much luckier than those in China, where people in love often find themselves caught in a hostile financial or social environment. Unlike those Chinese youths who are seriously and gravely wondering about the purpose of life and love for most of the time, those Korean girls and boys always have so many witty, funny, and amazing verbal blows to hurl at each other; I always cannot help laughing out at them. In one word, love on Korean TV is a wonderful medicine to cure everything, while on Chinese TV love is a disease from which one suffers inevitably sometime in one’s course of life.

2. Riding a bicycle is preferable to driving a car.

Ideas for reference:

health

finance

global warming

Sample:

Riding a bicycle is preferable to driving a car. First of all, bicycling is healthier. It develops balance, coordination, and strength, while at the same time toning the body, burning calories, strengthening bones. Therefore, it helps building up our body. In contrast, resulting from a lack of exercise, car drivers are often faced with such health problems as heart disease, addictions, drug dependency, overweight, obesity and diabetes. Besides, cycling helps improve personal finances. Needing no fuel, no insurance and minimal maintenance, a good bicycle costs about 2% to 3% as much as a car. What is more, cycling suggests slowed pace of global warming. More autos on the road mean more carbon emissions that are driving global warming while more bicycles increase the time we have to prepare for major climatic changes so as to avoid refugee and food crises.

Listening Exercises

You are going to hear part of a radio program called Talk of the Nation. The host of the show, Robert Siegel, asked the radio audience if they could take time off, what would they do? One of the people he called was Chris, a student at a junior high school in La Mesa, California. He had a clear idea about what he would like to do if he had the opportunity to take time off.

A. Pre-listening discussion

1. If you could take time off for a year, what would you want to do?

2. Would you do it alone or would you take somebody along with you?

B. Listen to Robert’s radio conversation with Chris carefully. After that you will hear eight statements. Decide whether the statements are true or false.

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. T

5. F

6. F

7. T

8. T

C. Listen again. Underline the word or phrase in each set of brackets that gives the correct information according to the conversation.

Chris, who is about (nine, fourteen, twenty) years old, says that if he (had a lot of money, took time off, were older than he is), he would bike (across the ocean, only in Asia, on several continents).

Chris likes this idea for two or three reasons. One reason he gives is that by biking, he could (lose weight, develop his body and strength, gain weight). Another reason he gives is that in making this trip, he would (learn interesting things, be away from his parents, see beautiful places).

He says that if he went on the trip, he would go (by himself, with his best friend, with several people), and when he returned, he would (sleep for a week, run a marathon, encourage others to make a similar trip).