第三模块复习参考资料

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Unit 7 Lesson 1 The Viking voyages to America.

The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors came from Scandinavia. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. By around 900AD, there were many places in NORTHERN Europe where the Vikings chose to live. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west, there were as many as 10,000Vikings living in Iceland.

According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.

Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland, a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party. Biarni was ho ping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.

In the year 1002, when Eric the Red’s son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man wi th whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland.

We know about Eric the Red and Leif’s de eds through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of European sailing to the Americas.

Unit 8 Lesson 3 Marco Polo

Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. Eventually, they arrived in Beijing. At that time, China was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty Emperor, Kublai Khan.

Kublai Khan welcomed Marco and his father. He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe. Marco and his father were guests at the Emperor’s Palace. Although Marco was young, he was very clever and could already speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends he asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to do many important tasks across the country.

Marco, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as “the greatest palace that ever was… The walls were covered in gold and silver and the Hall was so large it could easily seat 6000 people for dinner”

There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He could not understand how people could pay for food and valuable things with paper! He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel. The black stones were coal, but Marco had never seen coal before!

In 1291, after 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco returned to Italy. He was now a very wealthy man. Not long after his return,, a local war broke out near his town. During the war, Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy and put into prison. However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while Marco told all his stories to him. The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe.

Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of th em thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true. But Marco always stood by his tales. Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied, “I have only told a half of what I saw!”

Unit 9 Lesson 1 On your bike Return of the white bikes!

People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years. It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of places for bicycle

parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path. Today some people call Amsterdam the “City Of Bicycle” because of the convenience for bicycle there.

In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans had an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They are hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighborhoods around Amsterdam for people to use. Anyone was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. Wherever someone finished a journey, they would leave the bike there for someone else to use. The problem was that it didn’t

work-thieves took all the bicycles within weeks!

However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town this time with a computer chip to record its every move! To take a bicycle, you have to insert a special card. The new “white bike” is not actually white but is an unusual design with bright colours. The bikes are parked at special parking places and people who want to use them have to take them to another special parking place that has enough room.

There is already less traffic in central Amsterdam, because both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes. Indeed, thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, like the cycling fans in the 1960s, many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.

Did you know?

The Netherlands has 14 million bicycles among 15 million people!

重点短语：

Unit 7

set sail force sb. to do persuade sb. to do get into trouble

be known as according to in search of make it to

deal with keep a record of break the law make a living

do trick in performance watch outpick up

on the edge of at great speed in the direction of more than

followsb’s directionsbe responsible for

Unit 8

as well as right now differ from take off

upside down back out turn up get across

go through with on one’s way look for do trade with

break out put into prison stand by in turn

make progress in preparation for prepare for break down

take up have difficulties with sth. have difficulty in doing sth.

run out of carry on meet the end with fail to do

make sb. into set up go down

Unit 9

because of fed up thanks to save energy

allowsb to do work out rely on check in

pull out pull up all the time so far

take place get stuck in stress out relate to

give up pick up on average go up

traffic jam addicted to get on well with

重点句型：

Unit 7

1.find +n. + doing/done

2.be of +n.

3.three time as big as…

4.sb. be believed to do

5.make+n+adj

6.on the one hand, … on the other hand, …

7.比较结构

8.同意、不同意；意愿和希望I think…/ In my opinion, …/ It would be much better if we…Unit 8

Prefer to do/doing /to doing to doing c an’t stand doing

偏爱与选择

序数词+to do

Unit 9

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