2018届中考英语总复习第2部分语法专题复习篇第29课时名词和冠词一名词(精讲)试题
第29课时名词和冠词
(一)名词
名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。对于名词的考查主要涉及以下考点：
1．名词的辨析与运用；
2．可数名词复数形式的变化规则；
名词的定义
3．不可数名词数量的表达；
4．名词所有格的用法及构成。
名词的分类
【即时训练】
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
advise，succeed，rest，healthy，season
1．Mr Hu gives me some __advice__ on how to learn English well.
2．Doing exercise is good for our __health__．
3．I like winter best of all the __seasons__ because I can play in the snow.
4．It's nice and cool here.Let's sit down and have a __rest__．
5．You can never imagine how difficult the road to __success__ is.
可数名词的单数
和复数形式
名词的数
◆可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。当表示泛指时，名词前需加不定冠词a或an。不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前，如 a pen，an egg，an hour等。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：
1．规则变化
es
结尾
2.不规则变化
(1)元音字母或词尾发生变化。如：
foot—feet tooth—teeth
man—men woman—women
policeman—policemen mouse—mice
child—children
(2)单复数形式相同。如：
sheep—sheep fish—fish deer—deer
(3)表示“某国人”的单、复数变化
a．单复数同形。如：
Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese
b．变man为men。如：
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
c．词尾加-s。如：
American—Americans Australian—Australians
Canadian—Canadians German—Germans
Indian—Indians Russian—Russians
【口诀】中、日不用变；英法联盟a变e (man-men); 其他“s”加后面。
(4)通常只用作复数形式的名词。如：
glasses 眼镜trousers 裤子
clothes 衣服scissors 剪刀
shorts 短裤 chopsticks 筷子
注意：(1)有些单词形式为单数，意思为复数。如：
people，police
(2)有些单词形式像复数，意思为单数。如：
physics，politics
(3)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：team(团队，队员)，class(班，同学)，family(家，家庭成员)
(4)当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。如：
不可数名词的
概念和分类
an apple tree—three apple trees
a girl friend—two girl friends
(5)由man或woman所组成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数形式。如：
a man doctor— five men doctors
a woman teacher—four women teachers
(6)“数词＋名词(＋形容词)”构成复合形容词时，中间的名词只用单数。如：
a five-year-old girl a 100-metre race
◆不可数名词
不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。
1．不可数名词没有复数形式，做主语时谓语用单数形式。如：
The water i n the river is very dirty now.现在河里的水很脏。
2．不可数名词前不能用不定冠词或数词修饰。
3．不可数名词需要计量时，要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”结构；数量大于一时，要把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：
a bottle of yogurt一瓶酸奶
three bags of rice三袋大米
4．能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有：much，little，a little，a bit of，some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of等，以此来表示不同的数量。如：some money 一些钱
5.有的名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。如：
fish 鱼—fishes鱼的种类
paper纸—papers试卷、论文、报纸
work工作—works 作品
glass玻璃—glasses眼镜
light 光—lights灯
time时间—times次数
chicken 鸡肉—chickens小鸡
room 空间、余地—a room 房间
sand 沙子—sands 沙滩
experience 经验—experiences 经历
【即时训练】
根据句意及汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1．People not only in China but also from many other __countries__(国家)are influenced by Confucius(孔子)．
2．Mr Wang is an excellent maths teacher with lots of __experience__(经验)in teaching.
3．You'd better take care of your __teeth__(牙齿)，or you'll suffer from serious pain.
4．I admire Qian Xuesen most.He's the Father of China's Missiles as well as the __pride__(骄傲)of China.
5．Lucy is interested in collecting__coins__(硬币)．
名词所有格的
概念和形式
名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有“'s”所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。
1．“'s”所有格常用于有生命的名词。
(1)一般单数名词在词尾加“'s”。如：my sister's book Mike's mother
(2)复数名词以-s或-es结尾的直接在词尾加“'”，如果不是以-s结尾的直接在词尾加“'s”。如：
Teachers' Day 教师节Children's Day 儿童节
boys' 200-metre race 男子两百米赛跑
(3)名词＋'s可以表示“某人家” “店铺”“诊所”等处所。如：
at Mr Black's 在布莱克先生的家
at the doctor's 在诊所
(4)由and连接的并列名词的所有格分两种情况。如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只需在最后一个名词后加“'s”；表示各自所有时，需要在每个名词后加“'s”。如：
Mike and Ben's room(共住一间)
Mike's and Ben's rooms(各自的房间)
(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以在词尾加“'s”构成所有格。如：
five minutes' walk步行五分钟的路程
(6)somebody，anybody等复合不定代词有else修饰时，所有格应放在else后面。如：
somebody else's wallet 别人的钱包
2．of所有格常用于无生命的名词。如：
the legs of the desk 桌腿
a map of China 一幅中国地图
3．双重所有格
双重所有格就是将“'s”所有格和of所有格结合在一起使用。有两种形式：
(1)of＋“'s”所有格。如：
a friend of my father's 我爸爸的一个朋友
(2)of＋名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
【区别】
a photo of Jack's 杰克照片中的一张
a photo of Jack 一张杰克的照片
【即时训练】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．It's twenty __minutes'__ (minute)ride from my home to the zoo.
2．Tea is one of the __world's__ (world)favourite drinks.
3．__Women's__ (woman)Day is coming.I'd like to buy a nice present for my mother.
4．The schoolbag under the desk is my __brother's__ (brother)．He left it there just now. 5．Tom Green is an old friend of my __uncle's__ (uncle)．
2017中考英语真题分类汇编名词
名词 ( C )1. (2017江西) —Do you have any for tonight yet? —Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules ( A )2. (2017福建) —Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera. —That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese . A. culture B. invention C. custom D. tradition ( A )3. (2017海南) It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd, the in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development D. progress ( C )4. (2017上海) Did the policeman give much on how to protect personal information? A. note B. tip C. advice D. book ( C )5. (2017天津) Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal . A. time B. system c. space D. pity ( C )6. (2017重庆) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. —Well, you’d better take a with you, or you may easily get lost. A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard ( A )7. (2017安徽) The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate. A. chance B. habit C. question D. price ( B )8. (2017山西) You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your . A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness D. rudeness ( C )9. (2017南京) —I go swimming every day. —Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy. A. match B. task C. habit D. dream ( C )10. (2017武汉) —I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric. —Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand on prices. A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education ( B )11. (2017哈尔滨) During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat as a traditional Chinese food. A. pizza B. dumplings C. hamburgers D. bread ( C )12. (2017苏州)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? —Either day is OK. It makes no to me. A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision ( B )(2017孝感)13. Computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet. A. games B. information C. courage D. messages ( C )(2017青岛) 14. Fruit is good for health, so I often have breakfast with one .
人教版中考英语专项训练 冠词专项讲解及练习
人教版中考英语专项训练冠词专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语冠词 1．Song of Youth is such ___________fantastic film that I have seen it twice. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：《青春之歌》是一部如此好的电影以至于我已经看了它两次了。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数，表示一个如此……的……，fantastic以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故选A。 【点评】考查冠词用法，注意平时识记固定搭配，理解句意。 2．There is a pencil on the floor. pencil is Peter's. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在地板上有一个铅笔。这个铅笔是皮特的。本题考查定冠词the，当上文出现的名词，下文再出现时要用the。根据题意本题故选C 【点评】本题考查冠词的用法，以及a、an、the、和零冠词的用法和区别。 3．_______moon is very bright at night. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：月亮在晚上很明亮。moon表示独一无二的事物，所以前用定冠词the，故答案为C。 【点评】考查冠词的用法，在表示独一无二的名词前用the。 4．—Do you know ______ girl with long curly hair? —Yes, she is Mary. She plays ______ tennis very well. A. a, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, the 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：---你认识那个长卷发的女孩吗？---是的，她是玛丽。她网球打得很好。with long curly hair是定语，修饰girl，说明是特指的，故用the；tennis网球，球类前不用冠词，故答案为B。 【点评】考查冠词的用法。 5．—What do you usually have for breakfast？ —Some bread，________ egg and a glass of milk． A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查不定冠词．句意：﹣﹣你早餐通常吃什么？﹣﹣一些面包．一个鸡
2018中考英语专项练习---语法填空
2018中考英语专项练习---语法填空 2018中考专项练习系列将覆盖中考各个科目，陆续上线。英语语法填空练习精选于2017年中考卷、模拟卷，好题精炼，提分好方式。 1、短文填词。 阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，4）音标提示，在每个空格填入一个适当的单词。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。 Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, is famous for its festivals. There are twelve festivals around the year. Half of them are 1.__________(庆祝) during the months of July and August. Thousands of people visit it. Here are some of the events (公开活动) you can 2. e_________ in Edinburgh. Edinburgh International Festival The first Edinburgh International Festival was planned during World War II for artists to find hope and 3.___________[k?'mju:nikeit] with each other. Later, actors, musicians, dancers and singers 4.____________ all over world came over to give performances. Edinburgh Festival Fringe This is one of the largest art festival in the world. There are 5. t___________ of shows across the city. It was first held as a supplement (补充) to the Edinburgh International Festival. Then it 6.___________(发展) very well. Anyone can perform in the festival and many artists take 7.____________ in it. During the festival, you can go to the Royal Mile to watch performances for free. Edinburgh International Book Festival It 8.__________ in 1983. It is the largest book festival in the world. It is held every year in Charlotte Square Gardens in the 9.__________['sent?] of Edinburgh. There are over 700 event for kids and adults who love books. You can meet many 10.___________(作家) writers, talk to them or ask them to sign a book. Kids also like it because they can listen to stories and watch artists draw pictures of the stories. 2、短文填空 Once there 1. (be) two poor woodsmen living in the mountain.One day,they happened 2. (discover) two large bags of cotton.They carried it on their back and 3. (go) back home. When they 4. walking home,one of the woodsmen saw a large bundle(捆)of cloth.He decided to give up the cotton and take the cloth instead.The other woodsman said,“We have carried the cotton for such a long way.That’s not worth.” But he insisted(坚持)on carrying the cloth.After walking for a while,they saw several jars(罐)of gold on the ground.The woodsman who carried the cloth felt excited,“If I 5. (have) the gold,I will be a wealthy man.” So he gave up the cloth and carried the gold,while his partner still 6. (not agree) with him.He doubted whether the gold was real or not. Suddenly,it began to rain.Unluckily,the woodsman who carried the cotton found that his cotton was filled 7. water.It had become so heavy that he 8. carry it.He had to give it up and went back home empty-handed with his partner carrying gold. Here 9. some ideas from this story.It tells us that we should 10. (use) our wisdom carefully to make the right choice.We should learn to watch a certain issue from different aspects and avoid being stubborn(固执的).Sometimes,if we can change our mind,we will get a smoother way to success.Remember that all roads lead to Rome.
2018年中考英语真题分类汇编—冠词
1. （重庆A卷）I had egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. （重庆B卷）I believe that apple a day keeps the doctor away. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. （四川成都）—Who is boy playing soccer over there? —He is my classmate, Li Ping. A. a B. 不填 C. the 4. （天津）There is old piano in corner of the living room. A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a 5. （上海）Hurry up! The concert will begin in minute. A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. （山东临沂）The bed piano allows a music lover to play piano while he is lying in bed. A. a B. an C. / D. the 7. （山东青岛）We should have breakfast every day to keep healthy. A. a B. an C. / D. the 8. （江苏连云港）Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world —the Tiny 11. A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the 9. （宜宾）Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, then he goes to work. A. an; / B. a; a C. a; / 10. （随州）May is fifth month of the year. It’s very pleasant month. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; / 11.（浙江温州）—Will you go to school-leavers’ party tomorrow? —Certainly. I’m going with my parents. A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. （甘肃白银）The man is driving at 40 kilometers hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. （湖南郴州）—My daughter seldom has breakfast. —It’s unhealthy habit. Breakfast is very important to health. A. a B. an C. the 14. （山东东营）According to rule made in 2017, some kinds of dogs mustn’t be kept since May 1st, 2018 in Dongying. A. a B. an C. the D. / 15. （江苏宿迁）There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon. A. the B. an C. a D. / 16. （四川内江）—What time is it now, Mike? —It’s quarter past five. Let’s go to play basketball. A. 不填;不填 B. a; a C. the; a D. a; 不填 17. （哈尔滨）—What are you going to do next month? —I am going to travel to Germany, which is European country. A. a B. an C. the 18. （黑龙江绥化）I spend hour playing drums every day. A. a; the B. an; / C. an; the 19. （海南）Ann is my best friend. She can play piano very well.
中考英语真题名词专项练习(含答案)
中考英语真题名词专项练习 【历届真题】 The three ____ upstairs are too small to have enough_____ for a double bed ． A ．room ，room B ．room ，rooms C ．rooms ，room D ．rooms ，rooms Daniel has tried to lose ___________ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead. A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous__________ in American__________. A. symbol ；culture B. symbol ；cultures C. symbols ；culture D. symbols；cultures Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _____ Day. A. Woman B. Women C. Woman's D. Women's —Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ these days. Is it true? —Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there. A. bird B. duck C. sheep D.rabbit —I hear you run for half an hour every day . —Right, we have to. It is one of the ____ in our school. A.rules B. plans C. hobbies D. choice Look! The kites in the sky are in different _______. Some are big and some are small. A.size B.sizes C.color D.colors —Could you take ____ for these ____? They are very beautiful . A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photos; tomatoes
2020年英语中考复习---冠词专项练习含答案。
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2018年中考英语专题复习：宾语从句
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2021年初中英语语法知识—冠词的真题汇编及答案
一、选择题 1．—Do you know _____ girl with long hair? —Yes, she is Mary. She plays _____ basketball very well. A．a; / B．the; / C．a; the D．an;/ 2．Trees turn green and flowers come out in _______ spring. A．the B．a C．/ 3．You are such __ honest kid, and I would like to invite you for __ dinner.. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; / D．a; / 4．---Look! Who's ______ boy talking with Jack over there? ---Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is _____ honest boy. A．a; the B．the; an C．the; a D．a; an 5．Little Mary is ________ honest girl, so we all like her. Besides, ________ girl looks very pretty. A．a; the B．an; the C．the; a D．the; an 6．Kevin is a soccer fan and he plays ________ soccer quite well. A．a B．the C．/ 7．---Linda, have you heard _________ song Little Apple? ---Is it the one C hopsticks Brothers sang last year? Maybe it’s ___most popular song in 2014. A．a; the B．the; the C．a; an D．the; a 8．The movie is most exciting one and I expect to see it for second time. A．the; a B．the; the C．a; the D．a; a 9．Hainan is _____ island with fresh air and bright sunshine. A．the B．an C．a 10．________ story has an unhappy ending. Many people cried after watching it. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 11．________baby in red is________eight-month-old boy. A．The;an B．A;a C．The;a D．The;/ 12．Zhao Youting is _______ famous actor from Taiwan who played the lead role of Ye Hua in ______ TV show Life After Life, Blooms Over Blooms.(《三生三世，十里桃花》) A．a; / B．the; / C．/; the D．a; the 13．____ Sunday morning, I played ____ badminton . A．In, the B．On, the C．On, / D．In, / 14．There is ________ elephant in the picture. A．a B．an C．the D．\ 15．I want to have ________ English pen pal. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 16．—Thanks for helping me find ____ information I wanted on the Internet. —You are welcome. A．a B．/ C．the
中考英语总复习名词练习题
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中考英语名词、冠词、数词的专项复习
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中考英语专题分类卷 专题一 名词
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B. word C. sentence ( )5. (2018 .河南)-It's useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again. -I won't. That's a( n)_______ . A.order B. decision C. promise D. agreement ( ) 6. (2018 .海南) David likes taking photos,so his father bought him a_______last week. A.camera B. dictionary C. bicycle ( )7. (2018 .福建)-I don't know how to use the App Fun Dubbin. -Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of _______ in doing it. A.experience B. trouble C. courage ( )8. (2018 .天津)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden______. A. Competition B. interview