高中英语语法系列之三:分词作状语精讲精练

高中英语语法系列之三:分词作状语精讲精练
高中英语语法系列之三:分词作状语精讲精练

江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷

(江西师大附中使用)高三理科数学分析

一、整体解读

试卷紧扣教材和考试说明,从考生熟悉的基础知识入手,多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力,立足基础,先易后难,难易适中,强调应用,不偏不怪,达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内,几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容,体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。 1.回归教材,注重基础

试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则,尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及,其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景,把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中,使学生感受到了数学的育才价值,所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际,操作性强。 2.适当设置题目难度与区分度

选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题,都是综合性问题,难度较大,学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力,以及扎实深厚的数学基本功,而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法,否则在有限的时间内,很难完成。 3.布局合理,考查全面,着重数学方法和数学思想的考察

在选择题,填空题,解答题和三选一问题中,试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数,三角函数,数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体,立意于能力,让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。

二、亮点试题分析

1.【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点,且满足AB AC →

=,则A BA C →→

?的最小值为( )

A .1

4- B .12-

C .34-

D .1-

【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识,是向量与三角的典型综合题。解法较多,属于较难题,得分率较低。

【易错点】1.不能正确用OA ,OB

,OC 表示其它向量。

2.找不出OB 与OA 的夹角和OB

与OC 的夹角的倍数关系。

【解题思路】1.把向量用OA ,OB

,OC 表示出来。

2.把求最值问题转化为三角函数的最值求解。

【解析】设单位圆的圆心为O ,由AB AC →

=得,22

()()OB OA OC OA -=- ,因为

1OA OB OC ===

,所以有,OB OA OC OA ?=? 则()()AB AC OB OA OC OA ?=-?-

2OB OC OB OA OA OC OA =?-?-?+

21OB OC OB OA =?-?+

设OB 与OA 的夹角为α,则OB

与OC 的夹角为2α

所以,cos22cos 1AB AC αα?=-+ 211

2(cos )22

α=--

即,AB AC ? 的最小值为1

2

-,故选B 。

【举一反三】

【相似较难试题】【2015高考天津,理14】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,已知

//,2,1,60AB DC AB BC ABC ==∠= ,动点E 和F 分别在线段BC 和DC 上,且,1,,9BE BC DF DC λλ

== 则AE AF ? 的最小值为.

【试题分析】本题主要考查向量的几何运算、向量的数量积与基本不等式.运用向量的几何

运算求,AE AF ,体现了数形结合的基本思想,再运用向量数量积的定义计算AE AF ? ,体

现了数学定义的运用,再利用基本不等式求最小值,体现了数学知识的综合应用能力.是思维能力与计算能力的综合体现. 【答案】

2918

【解析】因为1,9DF DC λ= 12

DC AB =

119199918CF DF DC DC DC DC AB λλλλλ

--=-=-== ,

AE AB BE AB BC λ=+=+ ,19191818AF AB BC CF AB BC AB AB BC λλλλ

-+=++=++=+ ,

()

221919191181818AE AF AB BC AB BC AB BC AB BC

λλλλλλλλλ+++?????=+?+=+++?? ? ?????

19199421cos1201818

λλ

λλ++=

?++???

?2117172992181818λλ=

++≥+= 当且仅当2192λλ=即23λ=时AE AF ? 的最小值为

29

18

. 2.【试卷原题】20. (本小题满分12分)已知抛物线C 的焦点()1,0F ,其准线与x 轴的

交点为K ,过点K 的直线l 与C 交于,A B 两点,点A 关于x 轴的对称点为D . (Ⅰ)证明:点F 在直线BD 上; (Ⅱ)设8

9

FA FB →

?=

,求BDK ?内切圆M 的方程. 【考查方向】本题主要考查抛物线的标准方程和性质,直线与抛物线的位置关系,圆的标准方程,韦达定理,点到直线距离公式等知识,考查了解析几何设而不求和化归与转化的数学思想方法,是直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题,属于较难题。

【易错点】1.设直线l 的方程为(1)y m x =+,致使解法不严密。

2.不能正确运用韦达定理,设而不求,使得运算繁琐,最后得不到正确答案。 【解题思路】1.设出点的坐标,列出方程。 2.利用韦达定理,设而不求,简化运算过程。 3.根据圆的性质,巧用点到直线的距离公式求解。

【解析】(Ⅰ)由题可知()1,0K -,抛物线的方程为24y x =

则可设直线l 的方程为1x my =-,()()()112211,,,,,A x y B x y D x y -, 故2

14x my y x =-??

=?整理得2

440y my -+=,故121244

y y m y y +=??=? 则直线BD 的方程为()212221y y y y x x x x +-=--即2

222144y y y x y y ?

?-=- ?-??

令0y =,得1214

y y

x ==,所以()1,0F 在直线BD 上.

(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)可知121244

y y m y y +=??=?,所以()()2

12121142x x my my m +=-+-=-,

()()1211111x x my my =--= 又()111,FA x y →=-,()221,FB x y →

=-

故()()()2

1212121211584FA FB x x y y x x x x m →→

?=--+=-++=-,

则2

84

84,93

m m -=

∴=±,故直线l 的方程为3430x y ++=或3430x y -+=

21y y -==

故直线BD 的方程330x -=或330x -=,又KF 为BKD ∠的平分线,

故可设圆心()(),011M t t -<<,(),0M t 到直线l 及BD 的距离分别为3131

,54t t +--------------10分 由

31315

4t t +-=

得1

9t =或9t =(舍去).故圆M 的半径为31253

t r +=

= 所以圆M 的方程为2

21499x y ?

?-+= ??

?

【举一反三】

【相似较难试题】【2014高考全国,22】 已知抛物线C :y 2=2px(p>0)的焦点为F ,直线y =4与y 轴的交点为P ,与C 的交点为Q ,且|QF|=5

4|PQ|.

(1)求C 的方程;

(2)过F 的直线l 与C 相交于A ,B 两点,若AB 的垂直平分线l′与C 相交于M ,N 两点,且A ,M ,B ,N 四点在同一圆上,求l 的方程.

【试题分析】本题主要考查求抛物线的标准方程,直线和圆锥曲线的位置关系的应用,韦达定理,弦长公式的应用,解法及所涉及的知识和上题基本相同. 【答案】(1)y 2=4x.

(2)x -y -1=0或x +y -1=0. 【解析】(1)设Q(x 0,4),代入

y 2=2px ,得

x 0=8

p

所以|PQ|=8p ,|QF|=p 2+x 0=p 2+8

p

.

由题设得p 2+8p =54×8

p ,解得p =-2(舍去)或p =2,

所以C 的方程为y 2=4x.

(2)依题意知l 与坐标轴不垂直,故可设l 的方程为x =my +1(m≠0). 代入y 2=4x ,得y 2-4my -4=0. 设A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2), 则y 1+y 2=4m ,y 1y 2=-4.

故线段的AB 的中点为D(2m 2+1,2m), |AB|=

m 2+1|y 1-y 2|=4(m 2+1).

又直线l ′的斜率为-m ,

所以l ′的方程为x =-1

m y +2m 2+3.

将上式代入y 2=4x ,

并整理得y 2+4

m y -4(2m 2+3)=0.

设M(x 3,y 3),N(x 4,y 4),

则y 3+y 4=-4

m

,y 3y 4=-4(2m 2+3).

故线段MN 的中点为E ? ????

2m

2+2m 2+3,-2m ,

|MN|=

1+1

m 2|y 3-y 4|=4(m 2+1)2m 2+1

m 2

.

由于线段MN 垂直平分线段AB ,

故A ,M ,B ,N 四点在同一圆上等价于|AE|=|BE|=1

2|MN|,

从而14|AB|2+|DE|2=1

4|MN|2,即 4(m 2+1)2+

? ????2m +2m 2+? ??

??2

m 2+22=

4(m 2+1)2(2m 2+1)

m 4

化简得m 2-1=0,解得m =1或m =-1, 故所求直线l 的方程为x -y -1=0或x +y -1=0.

三、考卷比较

本试卷新课标全国卷Ⅰ相比较,基本相似,具体表现在以下方面: 1. 对学生的考查要求上完全一致。

即在考查基础知识的同时,注重考查能力的原则,确立以能力立意命题的指导思想,将知识、能力和素质融为一体,全面检测考生的数学素养,既考查了考生对中学数学的基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度,又考查了对数学思想方法和数学本质的理解水平,符合考试大纲所提倡的“高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度”的原则. 2. 试题结构形式大体相同,即选择题12个,每题5分,填空题4 个,每题5分,解答题8个(必做题5个),其中第22,23,24题是三选一题。题型分值完全一样。选择题、填空题考查了复数、三角函数、简易逻辑、概率、解析几何、向量、框图、二项式定理、线性规划等知识点,大部分属于常规题型,是学生在平时训练中常见的类型.解答题中仍涵盖了数列,三角函数,立体何,解析几何,导数等重点内容。

3. 在考查范围上略有不同,如本试卷第3题,是一个积分题,尽管简单,但全国卷已经不考查了。

四、本考试卷考点分析表(考点/知识点,难易程度、分值、解题方式、易错点、是否区分度题)

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一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.. A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.. A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.. A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.. A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.. A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?. https://www.360docs.net/doc/331795470.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/331795470.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

高中英语语法讲解与练习名词

二、名词 一、名词:具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时,要看作是单数,用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时,就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡,然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点:名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.

不规则变化: man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形: deer,sheep,fish, Chinese,Japanese, yuan(注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds) 只用复数的词: trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词,又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示: 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句:牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如:三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符,中间的名词不变复数式。 例:Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如: a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an,one,another,either,neither,every,many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these,those,few,many,a great number of,both,several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1.规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited(限制) pretend→pretended(假装) escape→escaped(逃脱) provide→provided(提供) refer→referred(提交) drag→dragged(拖) pray→prayed(祈祷) supply→supplied(供应) 2.不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast(投掷) spread→spread(传播) bite→bitten(咬) forgive→forgiven(原谅) spit→spat(吐) wear→worn(穿) fight→fought(搏斗) lose→lost(丢失) 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 C.动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。

过去分词作状语和短语动词

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过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计

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分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。

高中英语语法习题及答案

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高中英语语法专项练习题(附带解析、讲解)

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