2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题04及答案
2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题04
及答案
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． andD．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.
This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States.
For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an
industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in
industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.
Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing
technologies,unions can fight for their members' disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" (工厂工人代表) in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or work level.
56. Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?
A． Because the economy is very interdependent.
B． Because the unions have been established a long time.
C． Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.
D． Because there are many essential services offered by the unions.
57. Because of their out-of-date organization, some unions find it difficult to __________.
A． bargain for high enough wages
B． get new members to join
C． learn new technologies
D． change as industries change
58. Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________. A． try to win over members of other unions
B． ignore agreements
C． protect their own members at the expense of others
D． take over other unions' jobs
59. Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers in companies?
A． They are both influential in company affairs.
B． They both face problems of internal communication.
C． They both work with a system of "shop stewards".
D． They both work efficiently.
60. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be
__________.
A． British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks
B． A Centralized and Concentrated Society
C． The Power of Trade Unions in Britain
D． The Structure of British Trade Unions
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up (符合标准).
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of our society.
Should Harvard--or any other university--be an intellectual
sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard ( 楔形板) houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, many years ago.
"If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested... They are places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired..."
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderated students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be "disinterested" but activist in bringing the Nation's ideals and actions together.
Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 21st century.
61. A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) is__________.
A． an unusual situation
B． a parenthetical expression
C． a difficult puzzle
D． a self-contradiction
62. The word "sanctuary", in paragraph 3 refers to __________.
A． a holy place dedicated to a certain god
B． a temple or nnnnery of the middle age
C． a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D． an academy for intelligent people
63. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should __________.
A． fight off militarism
B． exert greater influence upon the young generation
C． take an active part in solving the society's ills
D． reconsider the structure of institutes and departments
64. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harward men are becoming __________.
A． more sure about them
B． less sure about them
C． more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D． less interested in them
65. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard__________. A． will influence the future of America
B． will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C． is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D． is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
【参考译文】
一个工业社会对某些基本服务(比如电力供应、水、铁路和公路运输以及港口)有着很强的依赖性，特别是在英国这样集权而集中的国家更是如此。而今，依赖的领域已扩大到垃圾清运、医院和救护车服务，而且，随着经济的发展，中央计算机和信息服务也包含其中。一旦这些服务中的任何一项停止运作，整个经济体系就会处于危险之中、
[56]正是由于经济体系内各种经济因素相互依赖，才使得工会权力成为如此重要的问题。单是工会就能切断许多国家的经济命脉。相比其他国家，这种情况在英国更有可能发生，一部分原因是，英国的工人力量具有高度组织化的特征。在英国，约有55％的工人是工会的成员，而在美国，这一比例还不到25％。由于一些历史原因，英国的工会趋向于沿着行业和职业的方向发展，而不是各行业独立发展。这种情况导致薪金政策、行业民主以及薪金水平规定流程的改进很难实现。
[57]工会运动面临许多限制和压力，其中一些源于工会本身落后而低效的结构。由于产业调整，一些工会已经失去了很多成员。另外一些工会则面临一系列争论：新的行业中究竟由谁来代表工人?技术性行业的工会跟一般意义上的工会是分离的，这意味着，某些工作薪金水平的不同通常会在各工会之间引发摩擦，[58]传统的行业正逐渐被先进的技术所替代，在这些行业里，工会会为其成员渺无前景的工作努力抗争，使其他工会成员的工作也受到威胁或者破坏。美国和英国的报纸印刷经常会中断，因为印刷工要努力维护本行业的传统地位和高额薪酬。
[59]和公司中的经理们一样，工会内部也同样面临着交流问题。在那些大型工会或者聚集了不同行业工人的工会里，这些问题成倍增加。有些工会需要定期选举并更换主席；另一些工会则采取选举或指定一名终身主席一在很多工会里，干部必须在“工厂工人代表”的体制下工作。工厂工人代表由其他工人在整个工厂或者车间内选举产生，来代表其他工人的利益。
【答案解析】
56．A
定位：根据题干信息thetrade union power和crucial可将答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：该句提到：“正是由于经济体系内各种经济因素相互依赖(this economic interdependency of the economic system)，才使得工会权力成为如此重要的问题。”选项A符合题意。
57．D
定位：根据题干信息out-of-date organization可将答案定位到第三段第一句。
解析：第三段开头处提到：“工会运动面临许多限制和压力，其中一些源于工会本身落后而低效的结构。由于产业调整，一些工会已经失去了很多成员。另外一些工会则面临一系列争论：新的行业中究竟由谁来代表工人?”可见由于其落后的结构，工会适应不了产业的变化和调整。故D为正确答案。
58．C
定位：根据题干信息disagreements arise between unions可将答案定位到第三段第四句。
解析：该句提到：“技术性行业的工会跟一般意义上的工会是分离的，这意味着，某些工作薪金水平的不同通常会在各工会之间引发摩擦。”可见differentlevels ofwagesfor certainjobs是引发矛盾的一大原因，但在四个选项中找不到意思相近的表述。我们继续向下寻读即可发现下一句中提到：“传统的行业正逐渐被先进的技术所替代，在这些行业里，工会会为其成员渺无前景的工作努力抗争，使其他工会成员的工作也受到威胁或者破坏。”也就是说，一些工会会为了保护自己成员的利益而牺牲其他工会成员的利益。故选项C为正确答案。
59．B
定位：根据题干信息managersin companies可将答案定位到最后一段第一句。
解析：该句提到：“和公司中的经理们一样，工会内部也同样面，临着交流问题二在那些大型工会或者聚集了不同行业工人的工会里，这些问题成倍增加。”可见，工会和经理们的共同点就是在其内部存在着沟通不畅的问题，故选B。
60．A
定位：根据题干信息词tire可知解答本题需通现全文。
解析：本题问选项中最适合做文章题目的是哪一项，考查的是全文的主旨。从全文的内容看，文章主要阐述了英国工会的状况及其存在的问题。故应选A。最具迷惑性的是D
项The Structure ofBritishTrade Unions，但其只提到英国工会的结构，而没有概括其存在的问题，故不够全面。
【参考译文】
[61]美国现今最有趣的一个矛盾是，作为美国高等教育历史最悠久的大学，哈佛大学正在进行一场严峻的争论，争论围绕的中心问题是大学究竟应该是什么样的，而哈佛大学又是否符合条件。
哈佛大学和罗马天主教堂以及其他一些古老的机构一样正在提出疑问——这种提问尚在私下里进行，并没有公开——所提出的问题是：哈佛过去对于院系、权威、招生、课程设置的设想，是否真的跟现代社会所面临的问题相关。
[62][63]除了作为某一时代中政治和社会变革的避难所，哈佛大学(或者其他大学)是否应该也是知识分子的避难所；或者，它是否应该成为一个进行政治和社会变革实验的实验室；或者，它是否甚至应该成为改革的动力?这正是现在哈佛大学全体教职工在校园内部私下探讨的话题。
多年前，沃尔特·李普曼阐释了这个问题，他是一名杰出的哈佛大学毕业生。
“如果大学想要名副其实，”他说，“那就必须独立于社会，必须坚持公平……大学应该是能为人们提供公正评判的地方。显然，一旦大学为政治权力或私人利益所控制，或者说，一旦大学参与政治和政府的领导，那么，它们作为独立和公正评判之源的价值就大大减弱了。”
这只是现今哈佛大学正在讨论的部分问题。另一部分讨论来自崇尚武力的人，甚至还包括很多温和的学生。他们认为，大学应该成为我们理想和道德的捍卫者，因此不应该是“无为”的，而应该成为将国家的理想和行动结合起来的行动者。
[64]如今，哈佛人似乎今非昔比，他们面临更多困惑，对自身的定位、政治的和学术的目标也没有当初那么明确了。他们甚至都不清楚该如何探讨和解决自己的问题，但私下里他们正做着努力。[65]无论最终的结果怎样，都注定将影响21世纪美国的大学和政治生活。
【答案解析】
61．D
定位：根据题干信息词paradox可将答案定位到第一段第一句。
解析：paradox意为“person，thingor situationdisplaying contradictoryfeatures(有矛盾特点的人、事物或情况)”。文章第一段提到：“美国现今最有趣的一个——是，作为美国高等教育历史最悠久的大学，哈佛大学正在进行一场严峻的争论，争论围绕的中心问题是大学究竟应该是什么样的，而哈佛大学又是否符合条件。”作为大学却对自身的合理性、存在的意义产生了疑问，不能不说是一种自相矛盾。故答案选D。
62．C
定位：根据题干信息“sanctuary”in paragraph 3可将答案定位到第三段第一行。
解析：sanctuary本意是“圣殿”，在中世纪一般是指某些教堂或者修道院，可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚’和迫害的避难所。引申义即是：一个人们可以躲进去以避过灾祸的地
方。文中使用的就是这个意思。
从该词后面的apartfromthepolitical and social revolution ofthe age我们也能得出一些线索。故选C。
63．C
定位：根据题干信息issuesinthedebateonHarvard’sgoals，andwhetllermeyshould可将答案定位到第三段。
解析：关于哈佛大学办学的宗旨，第三段提出了三种可能：“哈佛大学(或者其他大学)是否应该也是知识分子的避难所；或者，它是否应该成为一个进行政治和社会变革实验的实验室；或者，它是否甚至应该成为改革的动力?”三者在大学参与社会问题的程度问题上逐渐深入。其实，大学是应该独立于社会问题之外，保持其公平性，还是应该在解决社会问题中起积极作用才是文中人们探讨的核心问题，也是贯穿文章始终的主旨。故选C。
64．B定位：根据题干信息goals and purposes in life，Harvard men are becoming 可将答案定位到文章最后一段。
解析：文章最后提到：“如今，哈佛人似乎今非昔比，他们面临更多困惑，对自身的定位、政治的和学术的目标也没有当初那么明确了。”不难发现答案为B。
65．A定位：根据题于信息me author’s judgment可将答案定位到文章最后一段。
解析：文章大部分都在转述他人的观点，作者只在最后对所探讨的问题表述了自己的观点：无论最终的结果怎样，都注定将影响21世纪美国的大学和政治生活。故选A。
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(总三套题)及答案
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及 答案 Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles. But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus. Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans. As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的) All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursue science and sports, math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing. 56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______. A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses B) they do not feel as fit for management roles C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities 57. What does the author say about America's higher education system? A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women. B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates. C) It does not take care of women students' special needs. D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects. 58. What does the author say about today's college experience? A) It is different for male and female students. B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations. C) It is more exhausting than most women expect. D) It is not so satisfying to many American students. 59. What does the author say about women students in college? A) They have no idea how to bring out their best. B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous. C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses. D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school. 60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?
大学英语四级模拟试题四(附含答案解析)
大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s
2015年6月英语四级考试真题与答案(卷一完整版)
2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(卷一完整版) 范文： Writing：家长角色 There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). T o begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oft entimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him o r her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dream s by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the colleg e by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and the y believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come tr ue now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream th at one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. B ut he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brot her to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局). To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to co mmunicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices
2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文
2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文2014年6月的大学英语四级考试已经落下帷幕，大家最关心的英语四级作文话题也已经面世。 四级写作题目一： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your hometown. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目二： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your campus. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目三： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your China. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 与去年的图画作文模式不同，今年又重新回到了话题作文的形式，并且所给话题也是考生非常熟悉的，很容易展开思路。更令人惊奇的是今年的作文虽然有三个话题，但是话题设定的背景信息是趋同的，都是说外国朋友要来中国或来你的家乡或来你的学校，让你介绍一下中国/家乡/学校的特色，目的还是为了推介我们本土的文化特色，看来出题人是越来越看重中国传统文化的弘扬了。去年的翻译题当中就出现了一系列的对中国传统文化的介绍，像中餐，中国结，茶文化，中国园林，中秋等等。所以说，文化题材，特别是有关中国文化特色的题材要成为以后大家复习的重点内容。以后备考四六级的同学一定要多联系这个文化题材的翻译和写作。
英语四级真题阅读理解(带翻译)
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
2015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案
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2014年6月英语四级真题听力试题
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