stotics(斯多葛学派)

斯多葛哲学学派

Stoicism, school of philosophy

（The Stoics ）斯多葛哲学学派（或称斯多亚学派）因在雅典集会广场的廊苑（英文stoic ，来自希腊文stoa ，stoa 原指门廊，后专指斯多葛学派）聚众讲学而得名。是塞浦路斯岛人芝诺( 约公元前336 ～约前264 年) 于公元前300 年左右在雅典创立的学派, 由于他通常在雅典的画廊讲学, 故称之为画廊学派或斯多葛派 . 其代表人物：巴内斯、塞内卡、埃彼克泰特、马可·奥勒留（帝王哲学家，著有《沉思录》，是学派晚期最著名的代表）等。斯多葛学派（the Stoics ）是希腊化时代一个有极大影响的思想派别，被认为是自然法理论的真正奠基者。它的创始人是芝诺（Zeno ），由于他讲学的地方是在公共建筑下面的柱廊（stoa ），希腊人称之为斯多葛（stoic ）。其代表人物有爱比克泰德、马可·奥勒留、克里斯普等。参见杜人淮：《早期基督教对现实无奈的消极遁世发展观》，《发展观的历史进程》——人民出版社

(The Stoics) The Stoic philosophical school (or say, The school) in Athens for rally The porch of The square garden (English Stoic, from Greek stoa, stoa originally refers to The porch after, shows The Stoics) all The lecture The name. People's cheese is island (about 336 BC to about 264 years ago) in the year 300 BC in Athens, the school was founded in Athens because he usually give lectures, so call it as gallery gallery school or stoicism. Its figures: Barnes, plug in, ella card and g Tate, Marco oyler leave (imperial philosopher, wa s the reflections ", it is the most famous school representatives of the late), etc. The Stoics (the Stoics) is the hellenistic age a has a tremendous impact thoughts, is considered to be the factions of the theory of natural law really founder. It is the creator of the cheese (Zeno), due to the north is the place where he lectures in public buildings the colonnade (stoa), the greeks called the Stoic (Stoic). The representative character of epictetus, Marco oyler leave, Chris general, etc. See person du huai: the early Christian to reality but negative hermit development ", "the development history of the"--people publishing house 理论

theory

斯多葛派认为世界理性决定事物的发展变化. 所谓" 世界理性", 就是神性, 它是世界的主宰, 个人只不过是神的整体中的一分子 . 所以, 斯葛多学派是唯心主义的.在社会生活中斯多葛派强调顺从天命, 要安于自己在社会中所处的地位, 要恬淡寡欲, 只有

这样才能得到幸福. 他们自称是世界主义者, 打破了希腊人和野蛮人之间的传统界限, 宣传人类是一个整体, 只应有一个国家, 一种公民, 即宇宙公民 . 而这个国家也应由智慧的君主来统治. 这种理论是为马其顿统治希腊服务的. 在国家观方面, 斯葛多派认为, 国家不是人们的意志达成协议的结果, 而是自然的创造物。斯多葛派把宇宙看作是美好的，有秩序的，完善的整体，由原始的神圣的火种演变而来，并趋向一个目的。人则是宇宙体系中的一部分，是一个小火花。因此，人应该协调自身，与宇宙的大方向相协调，最终实现这个大目的。

Stoicism think the world rational decision and the development of things change. The so-called "world reason", that is, god sex, it is the master of the world, personal is just a part of the whole of god. So, many school, Koch is idealism. In social life Stoic emphasis on obedience to their destiny, content with in society, to the position of minority indifferent to, the only way to obtain happiness. They call themselves the world who, broke the greeks and the barbarian between the traditional boundary, propaganda human is a whole, should only a country, a citizen that the universe citizen. And the country also should by the wisdom of the monarch to rule. The theory is for Macedonia rule. In GuoGuGuan Greek service, Koch, more than that, the country is not sent people will reach an agreement, but the result of natural creation. Stoicism as the universe is good, orderly, perfect whole, by the original sacred fire evolution, and become a purpose. Man is the part of the system, is a small spark. Therefore, people should coordinate with the universe itself, coordination of the roads, and finally achieve the purpose.

发展

development

早期：唯物--> 辩证法，带有宿命论和禁欲主义。

Early materialistic dialectics-> :-with fatalism and asceticism.

中期：抛弃斯多葛派的唯物辩证主张，倾向宗教和神秘主义。

Mid-term: abandon stoicism of dialectical materialist and tend to claim religious and mysticism.

晚期：主张宿命论和禁欲主义。

Late: claims and asceticism fatalism.