独立主格主格
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
1）The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their jouney.
2）Good-bye said,he went home.
3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.
5）He climbed in,sword in hand.
6）The meeting(being)over, we left the room.
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
1).________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being
B.Being
C.Having been
D.There was
2)_______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being
B.As there was
C.Being
D.There was
3)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.Being
B.There being
C.It being
D.Having been
4)______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.As it being
B.Being
C.It is
D.As it is
5)_________, the train started.
A.The signal given
B.Giving the signal
C.The signal being given
D.The signal giving
6)__________, the train started.
A.After having given the signal
B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal
D.After the signal was given
7)______, the text became easier for
us to learn.
A.Explaining new words
B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words
D.Having explained new words
8)____, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained
B. Explaining new words
C. New words explaining
D. Being explained new words
1)___________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions
B.Conditions better
C.Conditions are better
D.Being better conditions
2)_________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions
B.If conditions better
C.If conditions are better
D.Being better conditions
3._____, we’d like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday
B.Sunday OK
C.Sunday is OK
D.If Sunday OK
4.______, we’d like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is OK
B.Sunday being OK
C.Sunday OK
D.A,B and C
5._____, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on
B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B
6._____, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on
B.The play being still on
C.As the play is still on
D.The play still on
3).He left the office, _______.
A.tears being in eyes
B.tears in eyes
C.being tears in eyes
D.with tears being in eyes
4).He left the office _______.
A.with tears being in eyes
B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes
D.tears being in eyes
1).________ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being
B.As there was
C.There was
D.A and B
2)._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.It being
B.As it is
C.Being
D.A and B
3._____, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill
B.Bother ill
C.As mother was ill
D. A,B and C
4.________, we have to work late intothe night.
A.The exam near
B.The exam being near
C.As the exam is near
D. A,B and C
1.________, the train started.
A.The signal given
B.After the signal was given
C.Given the signal
D.A and B
2.________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.New words explained
B.When new words were explained
C.When teacher explained new words
D.all the above
1).________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.
A.Weather permitting
B.If weather permits
C.If permitting
D.A and B
2.)_____, the patient will recover himself soon.
A.If the treatment is in time
B.The treatment in time
C.The treatment being in time
D.A,B and C
1).We have lessons every day, ________.
A.Sunday included
B.Sunday including
C.Sunday is including
D.all the above
2).The boy fell asleep,_________.
A.cap on head
B.with a cap on head
C.a cap on was on head
D. all the above
3.Father came home,_________
A.a dog following him
B. followed by a dog
C.being followed by a dog
D.all the above ．
1._______late, we had to walk home.
A.Being
B.As we were
C.We being
D.A and B
2.______ busy, they had no time to play.
A.As they were
B.Being
C.Because they were
D.all the above
1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.
A.When he was correcting
B.When he corrected
C.Correcting
D.all the above
2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
A.When you are praised
B.Praised
C.When praised
D.all the above
1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.
A.If he is given
B.If given
C.Given
D.all the above
2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.
A.If I have
B.If having
C.Having
D.all the above
1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying
D.all the above
2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.
A.and he was followed
B.followed
C.and was followed
D.all the above
1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.
A.Permitting weather
B.Weather permitted
C.Weather permitting
D.Permitting
2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing
B.With his eyes closed
C.Closing his eyes
D.Closed his eyes
3.________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A.Closed
B.Library closed
C.Closing library
D.With library closing
1._____ the teacher told the class to go through the text
A.Checking the answers
B.Checking the answers and
C.When checking the answers and
D.all the above
2._______a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.
A.It being
B.Being
C.It was
D.all the above
3.As______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A.feeling
B.he felt
C.he felling
D.all the above
1)______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Lost
B.As he was lost
C.He lost
D.A and B
2)._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.
A.Waiting
B.When he was waiting
C.As he was waiting
D.all the above
1.The soldier fell asleep ________.
A.with the candle burning
B.burning the candle
C.when he was burning the candle
D.when burning the candle
2.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on
B.When being on
C.With all the lights on
D.When it turns on all the lights
3.____ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching
B.Watching
C.When watching
D.all the above
4.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching
B.Watching
C.When watching
D.all the above
巩固练习：
1．The thief stood before the policeman，__________ admitting what he had done．
A．with his drooping head B．drooping his head
C．raising his head D．with his head down
2．__________ ，he can't go out for a walk as usual．
A．With so much work to do B．With so much work doing
C．With so much work done D．Without so much work to do
3．It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________ ．A．closed；open B．closed；opened
C．closing；open D．closing；opening
4．All things __________ ，the plan trip will have to be called off．
A．be considered B．considered
C．considering D．having considering
5．__________ ，we have to get down to business right away．
A．As there was no time left B．There is no time left
C．There being no time left D．There to be no time left
6．__________ yesterday，we went out for a walk．
A．As a fine day B．It was a fine day
C．It being a fine day D．For it was a fine day
7．The old man stood there，__________ ．
A．with back against the wall B．with his back against the wall
C．with back against wall D．his back against wall
二、独立主格结构巩固练习
1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Because there being
2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time's permitting
3. _____, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
C. Goodbye said
D. When goodbye said
4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather
B. It fine weather . It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather
5. ____, the bus started at once.
A. The signal was given
B. The signal giving
C. The signal given
D. When the signal given
6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down
D. tears rolling down
7. ____, the leaves are turning green.
A. When spring coming on
B. Spring coming on
C. Spring came on
D. Spring being come on
8. _____, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. opened B. open C. opening D to open
10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder
B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder
D. A gun being on shoulder
11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. done D. to do
13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.
A. trembling
B. trembled
C. were trembling
D. were trembling
14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering
B. All things considered
C. All things were considered
D. With all things were considered
15. ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us
B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us
D. With the teacher helping
高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.
独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点
【注意】 1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.
由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构， 逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构
独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构讲解 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】
独立主格结构 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 4）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词 二、独立主格结构的构成: 名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。 1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。 The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略， 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中， There being no bus, we had to walk home. 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。 The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式、名词等构成，在句中常作状语。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，它独立存在。 2、名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 3、独立主格结构一般是用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的构成 1、名词或代词 + 现在分词 The children playing in the room, I couldn’t get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩，我没法学习。 Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了，我只好待在家里照顾她。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 2、名词或代词 + 过去分词 Five years later, he returned home, his character greatly changed. 五年后他返回家乡，性格大变了。 They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错，携手而行。 The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好一些。 That done, he put on his sweater and went out. 做完这事他穿上毛衣出去了。 The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. 问题解决了，他们就各自回到了他们的工作岗位。 This done, we went home. 做完这事，我们就回家了。 3、名词或代词 + 不定式 在“名词/代词 + 动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式，如： We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 下个星期他会去参加会议，所有费用归公司出。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 学校种上了许多树、花和草，我们新建的学校看起来越来越漂亮了。 4、名词或代词 + 形容词 He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。
英语语法——独立主格
英语语法——独立主格 一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的形式 英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。 1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如： Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1. 作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。
独立主格with用法小全
独立主格篇 独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外，另有with或without短语可做独立主格，其中with可省略而without不可以。*注：独立主格结构一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构： 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时，我看见几汪深池塘，池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
英语语法——独立主格
独立主格 10.1 独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 10．2With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构.doc
2019高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结 构 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构 介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A.with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study. 父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。 B.with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C.with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了，火车开始起动了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
(完整版)独立主格结构用法全解
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance． 黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 4. 名词(代词)+形容词 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。 5. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。 6. 名词(代词)+名词 His first shot failure，he fired again． 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。 7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
英语语法之独立主格结构
独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book. Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. B．-ing形式“独立主格结构” Being ill, he went home. Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 功能 1．表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated.
(完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解
独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。 1．名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2．名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3．名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books，the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 5．名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。 6．名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
独立主格用法详解
一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中，的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。
高考英语语法总结独立主格动词的时态
高考英语语法总结独立主格动词的时态 10.1 独立主格 独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词； 名词（代词）+形容词； 名词（代词）+副词； 名词（代词）+不定式； 名词（代词） +介词短语构成。 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 例如： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 10.2 with的复合结构作独立主格 表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如： He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 他举手着站在那儿。 注意: 1）独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。 例如：A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。 2）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。例如： He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿，牙紧咬，双手握拳，两眼直勾勾看着上面。 典型例题： Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，
高中英语语法-独立主格结构
第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习
独立主格结构的用法 一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词（代词）+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day The storm draw ing n ear在句中作：原因状语 =Since the storm was drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day 由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day今天到此为止） 例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder. Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语 =The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：ftime permits, I will go with you. 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say. 2. 名词（代词）+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格用法归纳总结
独立主格结构介词使用的问题 在“名词或代词+介词短语”这类独立主格结构中，当其中的介词是in时，其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。如： A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。 The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。 但如果是其他介词，则不受此限制。如： We walked out, one behind the other. 我们一个接一个地走了出来。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。 The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪痕 ===================================================================== 独立主格用作伴随状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作伴随状语的例子： She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。 We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带，等等。 Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 He guiding her, they stumbled through the street. 他引着她，两个人蹒跚地穿过那条街。 He, God willing, would be in the village before the second next month. 他，如果上帝允许，将于下月2日前来到这个村庄。 He died in 1892, his death being considered as a national calamity. 他死于1892年，他的逝世被认为是举国的不幸。 独立主格用作原因状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作原因状语的例子： All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。 The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 夜里河水上涨，渡河不可能了。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 独立主格用作条件状语