研究生英语阅读教程(提高级-第三版)教师用书.

新编研究生英语系列教程

研究生英语阅读教程

（提高级/第三版）

Lesson 1Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk (1)

Lesson 2Humbled by Nature, Humble by Culture (9)

Lesson 3How We Broke the Murdoch Scandal (14)

Unit Two Reading Biographies and Personal Recollections

Lesson 4 BillClinton (21)

Lesson 5Steve Jobs (39)

Lesson 6 A Beautiful Mind (42)

Unit Three Reading Essays

Lesson 7 A Christmas Sermon on Peace (57)

Lesson 8Left for Dead (64)

Lesson 9Spell of the Rising Moon (68)

Unit Four Reading Scientific and

Technical Articles

Lesson 10OurPicture of the Universe (74)

Lesson 11Mind over Machine (87)

Lesson 12 2 Inches Between Life, Death (95)

Unit Five Reading Short Stories and

Novels

Lesson 13Cat in the Rain (101)

Lesson 14The Stolen Party (106)

Lesson 15 A Summer’s Reading (109)

课文全文参考译文 (113)

Unit One Reading News Reports

Lesson 1Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk

KEYS TO EXERCISES

. Reading Comprehension

1. B (Paragraph 1: Years before the Deepwater Horizon rig blew, BP was developing a reputation as an oil company that took safety risks to save money.)

2. C (Paragraph 1: None other than Joe Barton, a Republican congressman from Texas and a global-warmi ng skeptic… none other than: used to emphasize the surprising identity of a person or thing 正是，恰是)

3. D (Paragraph 4: For all the criticism BP executives may deserve, they are far from the only people to struggle with such low-probability, high-cost events. Nearly everyone does.)

4. B (Paragraph 4: When an event is difficult to imagine, we tend to underestimate its likelihood. This is the proverbial black swan.)

5. C (Paragraph 6: After the 9/11 attacks, Americans canceled plane trips and took to the road. There were no terrorist attacks in this country in 2002, yet the additional driving apparently led to an increase in traffic fatalities.)

6. B (Paragraph 7: When the stakes are high enough, it falls to government to help its citizens avoid these entirely human errors. The market, left to its own devices, often cannot do so.)

7. D (Paragraph 8: Federal law helped them underestimate the costs.)

8. A (Paragraph 10: The big financial risk is no longer a housing bubble. Instead, it may be the huge deficits that the growth of Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security will cause in coming years—and the possibility that lenders will eventually become nervous about extending credit to Washington.)

9. A (Paragraph 12: Nothing like that has ever happened before. Even imagining it is

difficult. It is much easier to hope that the odds of such an outcome are vanishingly small. In fact, it’s only natural to have this hope. But that doesn’t make it wise.)

10. D (The whole text.)

Reasons Behind

Wrong Actions Consequences Suggested Solutions

Deepwater Horizon

Obsession with profits Cost cutting BP should be fully aware of

Safety could not be the potential risks and spend

guaranteed more money to make their

Human weakness Underestimating the risks

facilities safer.

Congress and the Obama

administration should take

A 1990 Congress law put a Federal law helped BP

sensible steps, like lifting

Government policy cap on spiller’s liability for executives underestimate

the liability cap and freeing

cleanup cost at $75 million. the costs of damages.

regulators from the sway of

industry.

. V ocabulary

Ⅱ

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. D

8. D

9. C10. A

1. cap

2. In the wake of

3. proverbial

4. stem from

5. odds

6. given

7. come what may

8. Far from

9. sway 10. In retrospect

Ⅲ. Cloze

1. wisdom

2. tend

3. shrink

4. unexpected

5. puzzle

6. came up with

7. severe 8. altered 9. Regardless of 10. necessarily

Ⅳ. Translation

1. 就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。

2. 显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。

3. 埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990 年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7 500 万美元。即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7 500 万美元。

4. 不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。Ⅴ. Oral Practice and Discussion

1. What are the two basic and opposite types of mistakes we humans tend to make?

We make two basic—and opposite—types of mistakes. When an event is difficult to imagine, we tend to underestimate its likelihood. On the other hand, when an unlikely event is all too easy to imagine, we often go in the opposite direction and overestimate the odds.

2. What lessons should we learn from the Deepwater Horizon? Open.

3. At the time of maximizing profits, what else should a responsible company do?

4. What are the challenges in developing the economy without harming the environment?

MORE INFORMA TION ABOUT THE TEXT

1. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill: (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the BP oil disaster, or the Macondo blowout) an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed for three months in 2010. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The spill stemmed from a sea-floor oil gusher that resulted from the April 20, 2010, explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which drilled on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. The explosion killed 11 men working on the platform and injured 17 others. On July 15, 2010, the leak was stopped by capping the gushing wellhead, after it had released about 4.9 million barrels (780,000 m3) of crude oil. An estimated 53,000 barrels per day (8,400 m3/d) escaped from the well just before it was capped. It is believed that the daily flow rate diminished over time, starting at about 62,000 barrels per day (9,900 m3/d) and decreasing as the reservoir of hydrocarbons feeding the gusher was gradually depleted. On September 19, 2010, the relief well process was successfully completed, and the federal government declared the well “effectively dead”. In August 2011, oil and oil sheen covering several square miles of water were reported surfacing not far from BP’s Macondo well. Scientific analysis confirmed the oil is a chemical match for Macondo 25

2. The Coast Guard said the oil was too dispersed to recover.