2018天津中考英语试题解析

机密★启用前

2018年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷

英语

本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷为第1页至第8页，第II卷为第9页至第12页。试卷满分120分。考试时间100分钟。

答卷前，请你务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考点校、考场号、座位号填写在“答题卡”上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答题时，务必将答案涂写在“答题卡”上，答案答在试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和“答题卡”，并交回。

祝你考试顺利！

第I卷

注意事项：

1．每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把“答题卡”上对应题目的答案标号的信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号的信息点。

2．本卷共五大题，共80分。

一、听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

A）(2018·天津)在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。找出与你所听句子内容相匹配的图画。

B）(2018·天津)下面你将听到十组对话，每组对话都有一个问题。根据对话内容，从每组所给的A、

B、C三个选项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。

5. What sport does Lingling like best?

A. Swimming.

B. Skating.

C. Playing table tennis.

6. Where are they going?

A. To a library.

B. To a zoo.

C. To a supermarket.

7. Whose pens are these?

A. Daming’s.

B. Betty’s.

C. Tony’s.

8. Who is that man?

A. Betty’s brother.

B. B etty’s dad.

C. Betty’s uncle.

9. Where is the woman’s hometown?

A. In the north of China.

B. In the south of China.

C. In the east of China.

10. How often does Li Lei’s grandpa go to see the Beijing Opera?

A. Once a month.

B. Twice a month.

C. Three times a month.

11. What’s wrong with Jack?

A. He’s got a cold.

B. He’s got a toothache.

C. He’s got a stomach ache.

12. What club does Mary want to join?

A. The Music Club.

B. The Dance Club.

C. The Chess Club.

13. What is Daming going to do this Saturday afternoon?

A. Have a picnic.

B. Do his homework.

C. Watch a football match.

14. How much are the two T-shirts?

A. 100 yuan.

B. 180 yuan.

C. 280 yuan.

C) (2018·天津)听下面长对话或独白。每段长对话或独白后都有几个问题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听下面一段材料，回答第15至第17题。

15. When is Daming’s birthday party?

A. This Friday.

B. This Saturday.

C. This Sunday.

16. Who makes a birthday cake for Daming?

A. His dad.

B. His mum.

C. His grandma.

17. What present does Betty want to give Daming?

A. British coins.

B. Toy cars.

C. American stamps.

听下面一段材料，回答第18至第20题。

18. How long does Zhang Hua read English newspapers every day?

A. Fifteen minutes.

B. Half an hour.

C. An hour.

19. What does Zhang Hua talk about in English with friends?

A. Great books.

B. Sports news.

C. Computer games.

20. How does Zhang Hua practice listening?

A. By watching English films.

B. By talking with foreigners.

C. By listening to English songs.

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.A

6. C

7. A

8. C

9.A 10.B

11. A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C 16. A 17.C 18. B 19.B 20. A

二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2018·天津)21. There is________ an old piano in__________ corner of the living room.

A. an; the

B. an; 不填

C. a; the

D. a; a

21. A【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意：在客厅的角落里有一架旧钢琴。old是元音音素开头的单词，其前应该使用不定冠词an；后空表示“在客厅的角落里”使用词组in the corner of。故选A。(2018·天津)22. —She is too busy to help us finish the work.

—Let’s do it __________.

A. herself

B. myself

C. itself

D. ourselves

22. D【解析】考查反身代词辨析。句意：——她太忙了，不能帮助我们完成工作。——咱们自己做吧。第一句表达她太忙了，不能帮我们，所以第二句要表达我们自己做吧，须用反身代词“我们自己”ourselves。故选D。

(2018·天津)23. I am afraid we can not ________ to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground instead.

A. refuse

B. afford

C. forget

D. fall

23. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐怕打车去我们支付不起，咱们改坐地铁吧。Refuse意为“拒绝”，afford意为“买得起；担负得起”，forget意为“忘记”，fall意为“摔倒”；根据句意分析可知应该用afford to do sth.，意为“支付得起做某事”。故选B。

(2018·天津)24. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden________.

A. competition

B. interview

C. treasure

D. tradition

24. C【解析】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：他的微笑让我感到温暖而充满活力，就像是隐藏的宝藏。competition表示“比赛，竞赛”，interview表示“面试；采访”，treasure表示“财富，宝藏”，tradition 表示“传统”。根据句意可知用treasure。故选C。

(2018·天津)25. Tianjin is one of_________ cities in China.

A. big

B. biggest

C. the biggest

D. the bigger

25. C【解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。句意：天津是中国最大的城市之一。“one of+the最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，最高级前须有定冠词the。故选C。

(2018·天津)26. Mum asked me to_________ for dinner.

A. lay the table

B. go to sleep

C. keep a diary

D. take a vacation

26. A【解析】考查动词短语的词义辨析。句意：妈妈叫我摆好饭桌准备吃饭。lay the table表示“摆好饭桌，摆好餐具”，go to sleep表示“去睡觉”，keep a diary表示“记日记”，take a vacation表示“去度假”。根据后半句for dinner可以理解是为了开饭要先摆好饭桌，须用lay the table。故选A。(2018·天津)27. In the picture, he sits________ me, looking very happy.

A. beside

B. among

C. up

D. through

27. A【解析】考查介词的词义辨析。句意：在照片中，他坐在我的旁边，看起来很开心。beside意为“在……旁边”，among意为“在……之中”，up意为“向上”，through意为“穿过；通过”；这里表示在某人的旁边，选用beside。故选A。

(2018·天津)28. —Can you open a gift_________ after you receive it in England?

—Yes. We don’t have to wait.

A. mainly

B. immediately

C. nearly

D. loudly

28. B【解析】考查副词的词义辨析。句意：——在英国当你收到礼物后能立即打开吗？——可以，我们没有必要等待。mainly表示“主要地”，immediately表示“立即”，nearly表示“几乎”，loudly表示“大声地”。由第二句得知我们等不及打开礼物了，可知第一句想表达“收到后立刻打开礼物”。(2018·天津)29. —Must I come here before 6:30 tomorrow?

—No, you_______. There will be plenty of time.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. couldn’t

D. needn’t

29. D【解析】考查情态动词的用法辨析。句意：——明天我必须在6:30之前到这儿来吗？——不，没有必要，时间足够。问句Must I...？肯定回答用：Yes, you must. ，否定回答用：No, you needn’t/you don’t have to.。故选D。

(2018·天津)30. Tony was drawing a picture_________ I was doing my homework.

A. if

B. because

C. while

D. until

30. C【解析】考查连词用法辨析。句意：我在做作业的时候，托尼在绘画。由前后两句话的was doing 可发现是两个过去进行时的动作，因此可以选用while链接，属于时间状语从句。与if引导的条件状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句无关。而until表示“直到”，与原句逻辑关系不符。故选C。(2018·天津)31. —Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?

—Yes. I_________ there with my parents last year.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. have gone

31. B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——杰里，你去过长城吗？——是的，我去年和我父母亲去过。第二句的时间状语last year属于一般过去时的标志词，故选went。故选B。

(2018·天津)32. Harry invited me________ with him when his parents were out of town.

A. stay

B. stayed

C. staying

D. to stay

32. D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：哈利邀请我在他父母亲不在镇上的时候去陪他待着。invite sb. to do是固定结构，意为“邀请某人做某事”，所以选用to stay。故选D。

(2018·天津)33. Dr Bethune ____________ still_________ in both China and Canada today.

A. is; remembered

B. is remembering

C. will; remember

D. has; remembered

33. A【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：如今白求恩医生仍然被中国和加拿大的人民纪念。根据句意可知本句须用一般现在的被动语态，须用is remembered。故选A。

(2018·天津)34. —Please tell me_________.

—At ten o’clock.

A. where you have your English lesson

B. where do you have your English lesson

C. what time you have your English lesson

D. what time do you have your English lesson

34. C【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。从Please tell me分析出本题考查宾语从句。选项B、D是倒装语序，所以B、D两个选项是错误的。选项A表示“在哪上课”，选项C表示“什么时候上课”，由答句At ten o'clock.可以判断是在询问时间。故选C。

(2018·天津)35. —Tom fell off his bike and hurt his knee.

—_________.

A. Pretty good.

B. That’s too bad

C. That’s funny

D. That’s a good idea

35. B【解析】考查情景交际。Pretty good.意为“非常好”，That’s too bad.意为“那太坏了”，That’s funny.意为“太有趣了”，That’s a good idea.意为“那是个好主意”。第一句表达Tom从自行车上摔下伤到了膝盖。下面应该选择表示遗憾的句子，因此选用That's too bad.。故选B。

三、(2018·天津)完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

My name is Damian Costa. I was born in a small village in Italy in 1952. I spent the first few

years of my life there before my family 36 to Perth, Australia.

We arrived in Australia in the summer of 1957. I went to 37 , and I had to attend special classes to learn English as all the lessons were taught in English.

We did not have much 38 , so we lived very simply. My parents worked as cleaners. They earned(挣钱)just enough for us to survive(维持生活)and 39 a little money. My father had always wanted to 40 a small restaurant. Finally, 41 ten years of hard work, in June 1967, he managed to save enough and opened our first pizzeria(比萨饼店).

42 business was slow at first, it soon got better. I helped out at the pizzeria after school and at weekends. Just two years after we 43 , my father decided that we needed a full-time waiter. Then, he decided to 44 me the art of making wood-fired pizzas.

Today, we have three branches(分店), in Perth, Sydney and Adelaide. My children have 45 learned how to make pizzas and they quite enjoy it. I hope to pass on the business to them.

36. A. returned B. moved C. pointed D. connected

37. A. school B. hospital C. church D. business

38. A. paper B. illness C. health D. money

39. A. save B. borrow C. share D. choose

40. A. sell B. see C. open D. leave

41. A. before B. after C. during D. between

42. A. Because B. If C. Although D. Whether

43. A. played B. relaxed C. started D. stopped

44. A. like B. teach C. believe D. lend

45. A. perhaps B. never C. hardly D. also

体裁记叙文话题故事词数221

【主旨大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。Damian出生于意大利，然后全家移民到澳大利亚，一开始生活很贫困，后来他父亲经过十年努力，开了一家比萨饼店。经过全家人的努力，他们有了三家分店。Damian 希望把生意传给他的孩子们。

36. B 考查动词词义辨析。由第一段Damian出生在意大利可以推断出此处表达的是全家移民到澳大利亚，可以简单理解为搬家，选用词组move to。故选B。

37. A 考查名词词义辨析。第二段提到的all the lessons were taught in English可以推断出Damian1957年开始上学，所以选用了词组go to school去上学。故选A。

38. D 考查名词词义辨析。本句so we lived very simply表达所以我们生活得很简朴，而且从因果关系可知我们家没有太多的钱，由句意判断选money。故选D。

39. A 考查动词词义辨析。本句提到的爸妈挣的钱仅仅足够用于维持生活和“_______一点钱”。可以知道本题所选动词要和钱相关，而且要符合句意，因此选用save，表示存一点点的钱。故选A。40. C 考查动词词义辨析。由本段最后一句1967年父母开了第一家比萨店“opened our first pizzeria”，可以推断出我父亲的想法是想开一家餐厅，用open。故选C。

41. B 考查介词词义辨析。由本段的时间线索可以推断出，是一家人在10年的努力工作后，才开了第一家比萨饼店，因此选用after。故选B。

42. C 考查连词词义辨析。由本句前后两部分“一开始生意发展缓慢”和“很快变得更好”，可以推断两个部分属于转折关系，虽然一开始缓慢，但是后期很快变得更好。所以选用Although“虽然”。故选C。

43. C 考查动词词义辨析。“在我们_______两年之后”就是指的之前开店的事情，选项中换成了started，在我们开始营业的两年后。故选C。

44. B 考查动词词义辨析。由句意“我父亲决定______我做比萨的艺术”可以得知这里有两个宾语，我(me)和做比萨的艺术(the art of making wood-fired pizzas)，而且根据上下文的句意，可以推断出是表达“教给我如何做比萨”，因此选teach。故选B。

45. D 考查副词词义辨析。由后半句they quite enjoy it可以推断出孩子们很喜欢，说明是学习了做比萨的方法，而且从我的父亲传授给我，到我传授给我的孩子，属于第二次父子间的传授，所以用also，表示“也”。故选D。

四、(2018·天津)阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

(2018·天津)A

Dear Susan,

How are you? I’m going to visit Hong Kong with Mum and Dad next month. We’ll arrive on the second of August. It’s so exciting! We can meet each other soon!

I will spend a day in Ocean Park on the third of August. I know that you’ve visited Ocean Park many times before. Can you give me some advice on what to see in Ocean Park?

I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourth of August. Are you free on that day? I’ve bought a present for you. I think you’ll love it.

By the way, would you like to go to Disneyland with me? I really want to take some photos with you in Disneyland. You know, I love the famous cartoon characters of Disney such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse very much. I know you love them too.

When can you go to Disneyland with me? Ple ase let me know. I’ll stay until the ninth of August and go back to England on that day.

See you soon.

Love,

Lily

46. When will Lily arrive in Hong Kong?

A. On the second of August.

B. On the third of August.

C. On the fourth of August.

D. On the ninth of August.

47. How long will Lily spend in Ocean Park?

A. Half a day.

B. One day.

C. One and a half days.

D. Two days.

48. What will Lily do on the fourth of August?

A. By a present.

B. Visit Ocean Park.

C. Go back to England.

D. Visit Susan at her home.

49. What will Lily do in Disneyland?

A. Take photos.

B. Watch a cartoon.

C. See a film of Mickey Mouse.

D. Read the story of Snow White.

50. Lily wants to know___________.

A. if Susan has received her present

B. when she will go back to England

C. if Susan can meet her at the airport

D. when Susan can go to Disneyland with her

体裁应用文话题计划词数181

【主旨大意】本文是一篇信件应用文。在Lily写给Susan的信中，Lily介绍了下个月将和父母亲去香港度假，他们计划到海洋公园、迪士尼乐园等地旅游，还将拜访Susan，她希望Lily和她一起旅游。

46. A【解析】细节理解题。题干询问到达香港的时间。由第一段第一行“We wil l arrive on the second of August.”可知选项A符合。故选A。

47. B【解析】细节理解题。题干询问在Ocean Park 呆了多长时间。由第二段第一句”I will spend a day in Ocean Park…”可知是“一天”。故选B。

48. D【解析】细节理解题。题干询问八月四号将做什么。由第三段第一行“I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourt h of August.”可知收信人为Susan。故选D。

49. A【解析】细节理解题。题干询问Lily将在迪士尼做什么。由第四段第一行“I really want to take some photos…”可知选项A正确。故选A。

50. D【解析】细节理解题。题干询问Lily想知道什么。第五段第一句”When can you go to Disneyland with me?”符合。故选D。

(2018·天津)B

I did something wrong today.

While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place(Mum and Dad had

always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him.

We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索)the area, so Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time, no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied(系)a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us.

My parents were relieved (宽慰的)that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again

51. Where did the writer meet Bob?

A. At school.

B. In the park.

C. At the beach.

D. On the cliffs.

52. In Paragraph 2, “a coward” means______.

A. a person who is not brave

B. a person who is not clever

C. a person who is not strong

D. a person who is not polite

53. What had the writer s parents always warned him about?

A. The wind was very strong.

B. The beach was too far away.

C. The cliffs were not a safe place.

D. Bob was difficult to get on with.

54. Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage.

a. Some rocks came down.

b. The writer followed Bob.

c. The writer wanted to cry.

d. A man and a woman saved them.

e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds.

A. a-b-c-d-e

B. b-a-c-e-d

C. a-c-b-e-d

D. b-e-a-c-d

55. How did the writer feel about what he had done?

A. Surprised.

B. Excited.

C. Glad.

D. Sorry.

体裁记叙文话题故事词数220

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在海滩上玩的时候遇到一个叫Bob的男孩，他们决定爬悬崖玩，结果发生意外，幸运的是他们得救了，并且没有受伤。作者向父母亲承诺再也不做这样的事情。

51. C【解析】细节理解题。题干询问作者在哪里遇见的Bob。由第二段第一句”While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob.”可知选项C正确。故选C。

52. A【解析】词义猜测题。第二段中Bob说爬悬崖“fun”,而我说我不被允许去，因为我的父母说这件事“dangerous”，然后他说我是“coward”，于是我想向他证明我“brave”，于是同意去爬悬崖。因此，coward应该是brave的反义词。选“a person who is not brave”。故选A。

53.C【解析】细节理解题。题干询问作者的父母亲常警告他什么。原文是第二段第三行括号当中“My parents ha d always told me it was dangerous to play there”，前面Bob邀请我去悬崖玩，所以选择“The cliffs were not a safe place.”。故选C。

54. B【解析】排序题。第三段第二行首先出现“I followed him”，第二出现“some rocks came down”。第三段第四行出现“I wanted to cry”，然后出现“Then we heard some sounds”。最后d被营救。故选B。

55. D【解析】细节理解题。第一段“I did something wrong today”和文章最后一行“apologized（道歉）”表明是抱歉的态度。

(2018·天津)C

In the 13th century, Marco Polo, the world known Italian traveler, saw many wonderful things in

China. One of the things he discovered was money made of paper. People in the West did not have such kind of money until the I5th century. However, the Chinese began to use it in the 7th century.

Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. But it was not made in Europe until the year 1100. Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada, Sweden, America. Finland became the most important ones in paper making

Paper can be used in many ways. The common uses include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? In Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated(使绝缘)from heat or cold with paper.

However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2, 800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow.

So we must start saving paper right now. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some

In short, we should keep a balance (平衡) between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late.

56. When did the Chinese begin to use paper money?

A. In the 5th century.

B. In the 6th century.

C. In the 7ih century.

D. In the 15th century.

57. Why did Canada become an important country in paper making?

A. Because it was a large country.

B. Because it had lots of forests.

C. Because it was a very rich country.

D. Because the inventor was from Canada.

58. In Finland, paper is used for______.

A. making beds

B. reducing waste

C. making umbrellas

D. keeping warm

59. According to the passage, how many trees are needed to make one ton of paper?

A.10.

B.17.

C.2,800.

D.48,000.

60. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about______.

A. how paper boots are made

B. how paper was invented

C. how we can save paper

D. how we can make useful things

体裁说明文话题发明与技术词数335

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了造纸术的历史、纸张的不同用途以及制作纸张的材料，同时号召大家要节约用纸。

56. C【解析】细节理解题。题干询问中国什么时候开始使用纸质钱币。由第一段第三行“the Chinese began to use it in the 7th century”可知答案。故选C

57. B【解析】细节理解题。题干询问加拿大为什么能成为纸张制造的重要国家。由第二段第三行“After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada…”可知加拿大森林资源丰富。故选B。

58. D【解析】细节理解题。题干句意：在芬兰，纸张用于______。由第三段第二行“the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow”可知答案。故选D。

59. B【解析】细节理解题。题干询问生产一吨纸张需要多少棵树。由第四段第三行“it takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper.”可知答案。故选B。

60. C【解析】推理判断题。题干句意：第五段主要谈论___________。由第五段首句“So we must start saving paper right now”，可知本段讲节约用纸。故选C。

五、(2018·天津)补全对话（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整。（选项中有两项是多余的）

A. Do you know why she treats you like that?

B. What's her name?

C. Have you mentioned this to her?

D. What's happened?

E. Sh e’s very tall.

F. Or she probably feels lonely without you

G. But she’s so different

A: Lingling, you look unhappy. What's up?

B: Dad, I have a problem with my best friend.

A: 61

B: We’ve been friends for five years. We went to different schools las t term. And she came to study at my school this tern. I was very happy al first. 62

A: Can you tell me how she’s different?

B: She doesn’t like me to see my other friends

A: 63

B: Yes. I have. But she refused to listen.

A: 64

B: No. I don t know.

A: Maybe she doesn’t feel sure of herself. 65

B: Maybe. What shall I do then?

A: You can introduce her to your other friends and encourage her to join in more.

B: I see. Thanks, Dad.

61. D【解析】上文提到“和朋友的关系产生问题”，下文开始具体解释，所以中间应该插入问句，询问“发生了什么事情？”

62. G【解析】根据上一句中的“…at first”，可以猜出下一句的开头很有可能是“But”；再加上下文提到“how she’s different?”所以本空中应该包含“But”和“she is different”。

63. C【解析】根据后文的“Yes, I have.”所以选择带有“Have you…”的一般疑问句。

64. A【解析】根据“No, I don’t know.”得知上文应该是“Do you know…”开头的一般疑问句。

65. F【解析】本空应选择和猜测朋友感受相关的内容。

机密★启用前

2018年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷

英语

第Ⅱ卷

注意事项：

1．用黑色字迹的签字笔将答案写在“答题卡”上。

2．本卷共四大题，共40分。

六、(2018·天津)完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。

66.下一站我得下车了。

I have to____ _____the bus at the next stop.

67.给他盖件外套，确保他身上暖和。

Cover him with a coat and _____ ______he is warn

68.我们这次旅行在倒计时，快要结束了。

We are _____ ______the days to the end of this tour

69.最后他成功地解決了这个问题。

He successfully solved the problem_______ _______

70.在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。

In those days, books were produced______ ______.

66. get off 【解析】“下车”用短语get off；have to do sth意为“不得不做某事”，get原形即可。

67. make sure 【解析】“确保”用短语make sure；本句是祈使句，所以使用动词原形即可。

68. counting down【解析】短语“倒计时”用count down；前有be动词are，所以要用现在分词counting。

69. at last 【解析】填空处要求填两个词，故“最后”用短语at last。

70. by hand【解析】“手工（制的）”用短语by hand。

七、(2018·天津)任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。

Albert Einstein(1879-1955)

Early Life

Albert Einstein was born on I4th March,1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary (非凡的)person since he was born. Einste in wasn’t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them

His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.

Schooling

Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like hi story, geography and languages. He was not the teachers’ favourite. He didn’t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated（大学毕业）as a teacher of maths and physics in1900.

Scientific Work

After graduation, Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.

Later life

Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However there was no conclusion(结论).

Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.

71. Einstein loved watching things carefully and ______about them

72. Though Einstein_______, he failed in many subjects.

73. Finally, Einstein won the Nobel Prize _______in1921

74. Scientists studied Einstein s brain after he died so that_______.

75. Many famous scientists still think Einstein is_______.

体裁记叙文话题名人词数231

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。短文从早期生活、学校教育、科技工作和后期生活四个方面介绍了科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

71. asked a lot of questions【解析】第一段第三行可知。

72. did well in maths and science【解析】第二段第一行可知。

73. for physics【解析】根据关键词“1921”，快速定位到第三段最后一行可知。

74. they could see if there was anything special about it【解析】第四段第二行可知，但是本题需要进

行适当修改才能满足“so that”句式，so that+句子，所以答案是“they could see if there was anything special about it”。

75. the smartest man in the world【解析】最后一句话可以直接得到答案。

八、(2018·天津)综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。

How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w 76 of telling the time.

About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 77 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s 78 .They were able to determine（测定）midday.

About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c 79 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.

Water clocks were the f 80 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动）from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l 81 ,it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 82 to keep accurate（精确的）time.

In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 83 was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i 84 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.

In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.

More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 85 . Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 体裁说明文话题发明与技术词数352

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了计时工具的发展历史：从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。

76. ways【解析】前文提到”A clock, a watch or a cell phone”, 可知这里是在说计量时间的“方法、手段”，又因为前有形容词different修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数ways。

77.invented【解析】根据前文people have developed可知，本文是写古人发明的计时方法，所以这里填invent“发明”；根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知要使用一般过去时，所以填invented。

78. sun【解析】根据文章可知埃及人发明的the sun clock是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填sun。

79. cloudy【解析】根据文章可知，埃及人发明的sundial和the sun clock都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy。

80. first【解析】前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了water clocks是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是“首次”，填first。

81. level【解析】根据前文，water clock的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。

82. failed【解析】根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点，water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词but可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段“机械钟更加准确”可知水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。所以应该是考fail to do不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填failed。

83. but【解析】机械钟的优点是更加准确，空格后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出

现了语义转折，所以应该填but。

84. improved【解析】根据前文“接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，所以应该是“提升”了精确性，所以填improved。

85. change【解析】根据前一句“在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是”可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”，而且通过nowadays可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填change。

九、(2018·天津)书面表达（本大题共15分）

86.请你根据以下内容提示，以“The Story of Li Hua”为题，为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文，介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。

（1）上周五放学后李华乘公交车回家，看到有人在吃橘子，并把橘皮扔在车上。

（2）李华把橘皮捡起，放进垃圾桶。

（3）乘客用手机拍了照片，发布到网上。

（4）老师知道后表扬了李华，李华说这是他应该做的。

（5）你觉得……

参考词汇：果皮peel 垃圾桶dustbin 发布post 表扬praise

要求：

（1）词数：80-100个。

（2）短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。

（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

The Story of Li Hua

Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school, ______________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

话题个人情况词数143

The Story of Li Hua

Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus home from school, he saw that someone was eating an orange. To his surprise, that man just threw the peel on the ground after he had it.

Without thinking twice, Li Hua picked up the orange peel and threw it into the dustbin directly. All of the process was taken photos and posted on the Internet by a passenger. As a result, our teacher knew his good behaviour and praised him because of what he did at the class meeting. Li Hua was very humble and said he just did what he should do. We were all impressed by his words.

As far as I am concerned, the man who threw the orange peel around was not a good example, but luckily Li Hua set a good one for us. We are supposed to mind our behaviors and protect the environment around us all the time.