高考艺体生文化课百日冲刺英语：专题17 书面表达
专题十七书面表达【命题趋势探秘】
【高频考点聚焦】
◇考点1提纲类作文
【基础知识梳理】
提纲作文历来是高考英语书面表达考查的热点写作，属控制性写作类型，它要求考生根据所提供的提纲要点，紧扣写作素材的核心内容进行写作，体裁涉及应用文（书信、电子邮件、发言稿、演讲稿）、记叙文、说明文和议论文。【核心考点讲练】
提纲式作文可分为短文提示类、要点提纲类和表格提示类，提纲可以是汉语提示，也可能以英语提示的形式出现；可能是有具体写作内容，也可能是只言片语的简单提示，或者要求考生自己发挥的半开放式提示；考查的写作体裁有书信、报道、通知、日记等。
从近年高考提纲类写作素材看，提纲类作文的话题一般分为两类，第一类是体现英语学科的特点，比如英语辅导、给外教写信、英语俱乐部等，第二类则是与中学生的生活相关的话题，如父母与子女的矛盾，介绍同学的事迹等。一般给出的都是汉语提示，有些提示的信息充足，考生只需要按照文字提示进行写作，把中文提纲翻译成英语，但在写作中容易造成语法结构和词汇的单调甚至重复；另外一类则是开放式提示，只给考生提供一条思路，此时，考生可以在提纲的范围内自由地从自己的日常生活中选取素材，在具体的写作过程中进行发挥和阐述。从近年提纲式书面表达的写作素材看，命题人越来越青睐这种命题风格。在这种写作素材的写作中，考生一定要注意组织完整的语句，切忌写出结构不完整的句子。
【典例1】（2014·江西）
假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。
1.学会学习：方法，习惯等；
2.学会做人：真诚，友善；
3.学会其他：考生自拟。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2.发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总次数。
Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on learning in senior high
school.____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________ _________
Thank you!
Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on learning in senior high school.
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging. Firstly, we should learn to learn efficiently. Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me
a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others. In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.
No pains, no gains. I am sure that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and harmonious environment.
That’s all.
Thank you!
重点词汇和短语：challenging 挑战性的efficiently高效率地get involved in参与take part in参加build up增强
高级句型：
1)It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.强调句式强调作状语的介词短语
2)I am sure that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and harmonious environment. that引导表语从句
【典例2】（2014·天津）
假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津，得知美国学生Chris作为交换生，下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示，给他写封邮件：
(1)表示欢迎；
(2)介绍与本地生活相关的信息(如天气、饮食等)；
(3)介绍本班情况；
(4)希望Chris做哪些事情，以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊。
注意：
(1)请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
(3)词数不少于100；开头已给出，不计入总词数。
(4)参考词汇：交换生exchange student
Dear Chris,
I’m Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven.
____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
Yours,
Li Jin
Dear Chris,
I’m Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven. I’m more than glad to know that you’re coming to be with us as an exchange student this coming term. In fact, all my
classmates are kind and look forward to your coming, and are willing to accept you as one of us.
Besides, I hope that you’ll have no difficulty adapting to the food and weather here. It is generally not too hot in summer here and we have relatively warm winter, compared to that in America. We have rice and noodles as our main food, which I hope you’ll like.
Indeed, we feel excited in having you as our new classmates. For one thing, through daily contact we can have a better knowledge of Chinese and American cultures and social customs. In addition, we view this as a good chance for us to improve our English.
Hope to receive you soon as one of us.
Yours,
Li Jin
重点短语：more than，look forward to，be willing to，have (no) difficulty (in)doing sth，adapt to，compare…to，have a good knowledge of等。
高级句型：1)I’m more than glad to know that you’re coming to be with us as an exchange student this coming term. 使用了more than，that引导的宾语从句，以及现在进行时表示将来动作；
2)It is generally not too hot in summer here and we have relatively warm winter, compared to that in America.使用了and连接并列句，过去分词短语作状语，that 表替代
3)For one thing, through daily contact we can have a better knowledge of Chinese and American cultures and social customs. 这个单句使用了过渡词语，短语have a good knowledge of以及形容词比较级。
【技巧点拨】
1.提纲类记叙文的写作中，要注意下面几个方面：
1)注意文章的体裁、格式、时态等，迅速组织写作素材。如果是半开放式的提示，则要求结合自己熟悉的生活或话题展开叙述；
2)注意领会提纲的含义，不能遗漏提纲要点，在展开叙述的时候也不能离题太远，要做到能展开，也能迅速收拢。
3)注意正确运用时态和人称。
2.说明文的写作一般来说大致可分为三个部分：第一部分提出主题，要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分对文章的主题作归纳总结。
常用的写作方式有：
1.罗列法，在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后用first，second，…and fin ally加以罗列说明；
2.举例法，用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，still another example is…等词语引出；
3.比较法，对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法，有比较相同点和比较不同点两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语；用however，on the other hand，
in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。写作中要注意围绕提纲有条理地展开叙述。
◇考点2图表类作文
【基础知识梳理】
从近年高考英语书面表达看，图表类作文已不是书面表达的命题热点，在高考试卷及模拟试题中偶有出现。近年高考英语作文素材较少出现图表类命题形式。
图表作文常见的命题形式有表格、饼状图、条形图、曲线图，以及各种表格的混合型，通常在写作素材中要求考生将图表提供的数据和文字内容转化为文字，对这些信息进行分析与讨论，得出令人信服的结论，或者对某一结论展开分析与评价。图表类作文的写作素材不像汉语提纲那么直观、要点明了，需要考生通过观察和分析图表，提炼要点，然后围绕图表所要阐述的中心话题组织语言材料。图表作文所涉及的题材通常是与考生、家庭或社会等相关的热点话题，比如家用汽车拥有量的变化、电脑与生活、热点话题(如酒驾、网络博客、网络游戏、拒绝冷漠等)的讨论；题材多以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生根据写作素材提供的图表、数据及标题进行分析研究，阅读图表中的文字说明，提炼和确定文章的主题与中心，弄清各信息点之间的关系，抓住图表中反映出的共同规律和不同之处，然后逐条进行分析、概括和归纳。
【核心考点讲练】
万能模版：
一般来说，图表类的写作素材可以按下面的写作顺序展开叙述：
第一段：引入话题，描述图表内容：
1.As is shown in the chart; As can be seem from the chart; As is revealed in the chart, great changes have taken place in….(在某方面). In…, there were …But by last year, the number of…had reached up to…(达到多少).
2. It can be clearly seen from the chart that the average number of…has reached…, with a rise of 20% for the past/last five years.
3. We can see from the chart that there is a tendency toward…, and the number of people who…has dropped/risen/increased from…to…, with an annual increase of…
第二段：说明原因
Several reasons may account for/have contributed to/lead to/have caused such changes/tendency. For one thing/To begin with…For another thing/What’s more…Finally…
第三段：陈述自己的看法
1.In my opinion,…
2. Therefore, it goes without saying that…
【典例1】（2014·广东·基础习作）
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________ ______
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________ _________
Richard Alvis, who is British, was born on December 1st, 1974. To understand the real meaning of successful life in different cultures, he began to search for time twins around the world in 2011. With the help of local media, he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries up to now, of whom there are 17 males and 15 females. Their professions cover government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers, artists and so on. Richard plans to find 40 time twins before his 40th birthday and then write a book about the experience.
重点词汇和短语：with the help of, up to now, search for, and so on等
高级句型：Richard Alvis, who is British, was born on December 1st, 1974. who引导定语从句
With the help of local media, he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries up to now, of whom there are 17 males and 15 females. “介词+whom”引导定语从句
【技巧点拨】
[高分锦囊]
对于不同类型的图表，考生要做到对图表描述的关键心中有数。
1.审题，把握图表要反映的主题，确定要点列提纲：分析各数据之间的联系，从大量的信息中进行筛选，而不是事无巨细，面面俱到。
2.展开叙述时要注意使用各种词汇和句型，包括图表的类型、表示数据变化趋势的动词和名词（如上升、下降、持平、波动等）、表示变化程度的副词和对应的形容词。句型上包括：图表写作的描述段（即开篇段落的句型表达）、表达对比、描述趋势等。写作中要注意一些图表写作特有的问题，如突出图表描述的重点、准确描述总趋势、注意时态使用（图表中经常有不同的年份信息），词汇和句式表达力求多变。
◇考点3图画类作文
【基础知识梳理】
图画作文，也称看图作文，是高考英语书面表达常见的考查类型之一，它要求考生根据所提供的一幅或几幅图的信息写一篇短文，或叙述一个故事，或在叙述图画所包含的信息之后加以评论，或者通过几幅相关图画来说明某个问题或者得出某个结论。从近年高考英语书面表达的命题形式看，图画作文的内容多为中学生日常生活中熟悉的经历或社会热点，具有鲜明的时代性和教育性。从考查的体裁看，图画作文的考查体裁涉及记叙文、说明文和议论文，主要分为叙事类和说理类。
【核心考点讲练】
看图作文要求考生把看见的图画用文字表达出来，除了能表达清楚图画中的信息之外，考生还需要根据字数的要求，适当拓展和发挥想象，从而使文章的叙述不单调。叙事类要求考生仔细观察图画，弄清故事的背景和过程，注意故事的时间、人物、地点、事件、经过、结果这六个要素，并在写作中适当补充相关细节，增加一些必要的过渡词句，使故事的叙述饱满流畅；
说理类要对图画的寓意展开阐述，此时首先要阐述图画信息，揭示图画的主题，然后围绕画面的信息，结合图画或自己生活中的具体事例进行拓展，叙述中要注意慢慢展开叙述，不要尝试在一句话里包含太多要点内容，做到“有话好好说，有话慢慢说”，并且注意各要点之间的衔接和过渡，这样才能使叙述更加饱满。
【典例1】（2013·北京·情景作文）
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇周记，记述爸爸出差期间，妈妈生病，你照顾她的过程。
注意：1.周记的开头已经为你写好。
2. 词数不少于60。
Last
Monday,_____________________________________________________________ ___
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________ _________
One possible version
Last Monday, my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning I found my mother wasn’t feeling well. She had a cold. I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care, my mother
recovered quickly. When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened. He praised me for what I had done.
I feel very happy that I have done something for my mother.
重点短语：go on a trip出门；远行prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物come back 回来
高级句型：
1) When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened. when引导状语从句和what引导名词从句
2) I feel very happy that I have done something for my mother.that引导宾语从句【技巧点拨】
一．看图作文记叙文的写作
对于记叙文的看图作文，考生要仔细读图，弄清各图之间的联系，确定写作要点，并注意把握或拓展故事的时间线索，在审题时注意明确时态、人称、故事的发展等各环节，并且要列出相关的文字提纲，将图画内容转化为文字材料，这样更有利于有条理地展开叙述。
【典例2】（2013·江苏) 请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以“Actions Speak Louder than Words”为题，用英语写一篇作文。
参考词汇: banner (横幅) stump (树桩)
你的作文应包括以下内容：
1. 简要描述两幅图的内容；
2. 概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；
3. 举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
注意：
1.可参照图片适当发挥；
2.作文词数150 左右；
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Actions Speak Louder than Words
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________
Actions Speak Louder than Words
People celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.
The message conveyed here is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering severe damage. Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it? The answer is definitely the latter. Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.
Actions are important in other fields, too. Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need. We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules, stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
重点短语：put up a banner竖起一面旗子suffer severe damage遭受严重破坏take practical measures采取实际措施better the environment优化环境donate books捐赠书籍follow traffic rules遵守交通规则
高级句型：
1. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees. while连接并列句
2.Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. when引导状语从句，whatever引导名词从句，倒装句式
二.看图作文议论文的写作框架
“三段式”作文是最理想的此类议论文的结构，具体的布局谋篇为：
1.第一段开门见山地叙述图画内容，此时一定要密切围绕图画展开叙述，交代图画中的人物、(地点、时间)、干什么；
2.第二段提出文章的主题，提出论点，围绕图画和主题展开叙述。此时要注意有条理地，一步步地展开叙述，而不要试图在一句话里涵盖太多信息，做到文理清晰，过渡自然。此时要注意把握句与句、段与段之间的连接方式。
3.最后一段，得出结论。此时可以用下面这些方式来结束文章：
(1)用几句话概括全文内容，进一步肯定文章的中心思想；
(2)引用格言、名言等总结全文，这样更显得有说服力；
(3)结合自己或自己身边的事例，发表自己的看法。
◇考点4开放类作文
【基础知识梳理】
与传统的“控制性作文”相比，开放式作文所给提示比较简略，要求学生根据所给图画进行简单描述后阐述自己的看法，或根据所给英语话题，结合自己的生活事例展开叙述。学生在写作时要充分发挥想象力和创造力，自己拓展主题，组织篇章结构。开放性作文的试题只有简短的文字提示或画面+英语提示，这样的考查形式给考生留下很大的自由发挥和想象的空间，同时对考生的语言能力提出了更高的要求，因为这样的试题考查考生的逻辑思维能力、语言表达和组织能力，以及考生分析和解决问题的能力。
开放性作文的考查侧重两种文体：记叙文和议论文。记叙文的开放性作文一般都给考生一段材料，要求考生根据所给提示，运用逻辑推理的方法，给故事增加恰当和完整的开头、发展过程及结尾；议论文体的开放性作文逻辑性强，要求考生提炼出所给材料或主题中的观点，给出论证，并得出结论。
【核心考点讲练】
开放性作文的常见文章类型：
1.叙事论理，如：请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。You cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you make use of it.
2.议论抒怀，如：请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。A mother said, “My son is always on the phone, sleeping, out with his friends. or in his room. He never has time to talk to me.”
3. 解决方案，如：May 31, No Smoking Day, is drawing near. Now what do you want to say to the smokers to help them get rid of the bad habit?
4. 设计活动，如：You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “I’m going to enjoy myself in t he summer vacation.” He asks, “what exactly are you going to do to have fun?”
5. 解释原因，如：Tell your friends why you are looking forward to the weekend.
6. 发表评论，如：In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain
【典例1】（2014·湖北）
请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。
高考英语书面表达背诵范文25篇
高考英语书面表达背诵 范文25篇 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
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高考英语书面表达专题教案
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