权益过载、流转不畅、承包权退出与三权简化

田富强1袁2

（1.西安文理学院经济管理学院，西安国家中心城市建设研究中心，陕西西安710065；2.江汉大学武汉研究院，

湖北武汉430056）摘要:租金较高条件下，与三权简化和两权具备权益结构相比，

三权具备权益结构因权益过载，不利于规模经营比例提升；为提升规模经营比例，必须改革农地权益结构。通过比较不同类型的三权分置农地权益结构，结果发现，承包权益与经营权益竞争激烈是三权具备结构失去优势的重要原因；三权简化的权益结构下，有偿主体单一，权益得到简化，结构得到优化；三权简化结构的经营权与两权具备结构的承包经营权价值相当；理想的农地产权结构是三权简化与两权具备结构并存、三权简化占优的横向模式，有利于激励规模经营主体，解决土地流转不畅问题，提升农业竞争力，打造强势农业；离乡农户退出承包权是三权具备结构向三权简化结构转型的关键；城乡统筹进城农民住房制度创新是退出承包权的核心。

关键词:流转不畅；权益过载；三权简化；经营权保护；承包权退出中图分类号:F321.1

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1002-2481（2018）04-0642-06

Poor Circulation ，Overload Rights and Interests ，Quitting

Contracting Right and Simplifying Three Powers

TIAN Fuqiang 1，

（1.Research Center on Xi'an for National Center City Construction ，

College of Economics and Management ，Xi'an University ，Xi'an 710065，China ；2.Wuhan Institute of Jianghan University ，Wuhan 430056，China ）

Abstract ：Under the high rent conditions,compared with the simplification of the three rights and the structure of the rights and interests of the two rights,the three rights have an equity structure which is not conducive to the promotion of scale operation.In order to increase the scale of operation,we must reform the structure of farmland interest.By comparing the different types of three rights,this paper finds that the competition between contracting rights and operating interests is the important reason that the three rights have the advantages of structure loss.Under the simplified rights and interests structure of the three rights,the paid subject is single,the rights and interests are simplified,and the structure is optimized.The management right of the three-power simplified structure is equivalent to the right of contract management with structure.The ideal of farmland property right structure is simplified and two rights have the structure,separation and separation simplify the dominant landscape mode,is beneficial to motivate scale operators,solve the problem of land circulation impeded,enhance agricultural competitiveness,to build a strong agriculture.It is the key of the three rights to simplify the structural transformation of the three rights.Urban and rural integration of urban farmers housing system innovation is the core of the withdrawal of the right to contract.Key words ：poor circulation;overload rights and interests;simplifying three powers;protecting management rights;quitting

contracting right

收稿日期:2017-10-11

基金项目:陕西省社会科学基金项目（2017D006）；2018年陕西省软科学研究计划；西安市科技局软科学项目（2017108SF/RK002-1）；西安市

科技计划“文理专项”研究项目（CXY1531WL04）；西安市社科基金“文理专项”课题（16WL02）；江汉大学武汉研究院开放课题（IWHS20171005）

作者简介:田富强（1972-），男，陕西扶风人，副教授，博士，主要从事土地资源与生态环境研究工作。

问题的提出与研究思路

1.1

问题的提出

三权分置制度是联产承包责任制后的重大制

度创新[1]，但面临一些严峻问题。一是农民想出租土地却没人承接。二是2016年土地流转面积占承包

农地面积比例增速大幅下滑[2]。目前，解决土地流转不畅问题的主要思路是聚焦三权具备的承包农地，纵向分析承包权的内容[3]与经营权益的内容[4-5]，明确经营权的属性[6-7]；纵向划分承包农地的权益，无疑具有重要价值。但纵向分析聚焦的三权具备模式本身具有制度性缺陷，不可能彻底解决流转不畅的

山西农业科学2018，46（4）：642-647642··