翻译作业
1.The alternative current does not know this advantage.
交流电不具备这一优势。
2.These books have long been out of prints. You can't get them for love or money.
这些书已经不出版了。无论如何，你也弄不到它们。
3.Why was he late when he knew the class began at eight sharp?
既然他知道八点上课，为什么还会迟到？
4.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his character.
他的性格既狡猾又凶狠。
5.I now know why he impresses everyone who meets him the way he does.
我知道为什么他的举止，给每一个见过他的人留下深刻的印象。
6.“那不是基辛格(Kissinger)吗？”据说他当时这样问过一位巴基斯坦官员。
“Isn’t that Kissinger?”he is supposed to have asked a Pakitani official.
7. 昨天体育场上观看比赛者人山人海。
There are one thousand and one people watching the games in the stadium yesterday.
8. 现在我们学校实行的学分制只有十年的历史，要求多么好，不现实。
The implement of credit system in our school has just ten years old.It would be reasonable to ask too high of it.
9. 长期的操劳和忧虑，使他心力交瘁，大大损害了他的健康。
The sustained effort,work and worry had cost him dear.
10. 虽然他可以好好休息一下，他还是坚持工作。
Although he could have a good rest,he persisted in working.
1. He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together.
他挣得钱几乎难以维持生计
2. I'd love to go out to lunch but you know I'm living on a shoestring.
我倒愿意去餐馆吃饭，可你知道我手头并不宽裕。
3. She used so many technical terms in her speech that the audience could make neither head
nor tail of it.
她在演讲中用了很多属于，以至于观众听得莫名其妙。
4. Mike gets early and sits up very late and is burning the candle at both ends.
麦克起早贪黑，精力迅速消耗。
5. The world of her childhood continued to exist, haunting and puzzling her with a dream of
something slow and quiet from which she was forever shut away.
童年的记忆历历在目、使她难以忘怀。童年的世界变成一个悠然的梦境，将她与现实隔离开来使她感到迷惑。
6. 我们要刻苦钻研业务，提高领导水平。
We should apply ourselves to the study,acquire the professional proficiency required by their jobs,and improve our lever of leadership art.
7. 他们在实行学分制，努力把教学质量提高到一个新水平。
They carry out the credit system,striving to raise the quality of the teaching to a new height. 8. 三四年级的同学应当努力读一些英美文学的书。
The senior and junior students should try to read some English and American Literature.
9. 一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，腿瘸，胡须满面。
He is a little,yellow,ragged,lame,inshaven begger.
10. 从科学角度来看，那次考察是很成功的。
The experitation was a success,scientifically.
1.I have enough to attend to my first foreign language, to say nothing of attempting a second. 我有足够的精力去学习第一外语，更不用说再学另一门了。
2.Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon automobile.
幸福对于一边的美国人来说，除了健康、心情、家庭，更依靠汽车。
3.As a university student, you should try your best to know everything of something and
something of everything.
作为一名大学生，你应该有百艺而专一长。
4.Next to excellence is the appreciation of it.
美德固可贵，赏识美德亦难得
5.By her significant look, she has as good as told the secret.
从她意味深长的表情里，可以看出，他确实知道了这个秘密。
6.I don’t think we have asked them for anything that they haven’t done.
我认为我们要求的他们都做到了
7.理论固然重要，而实践更重要。
Theories are essential,the practice is far more important.
8.他不好好学习，辜负了他的父母对他寄予的希望。
He failed to live up his parents’hope on him because he didn’t study hard.
9.凡是知道他的人，没有一个不被他的敬业精神所感动。
No one who meets him hasn’t been moved with his personal dedication.
10.没有什么乐趣比读书更廉价，没有什么愉悦比读书更持久。
There is no interest cheaper than reading;there is no happiness prolonged than reading.
1．There is nothing people bear more impatiently, or forgive less than contempt.
受人轻视是令人最难以容忍的和饶恕的。
2．No amount of affection could persuade her that he is honest.
再多的感情也不能说服她相信他是诚实的。
3．Our success is tiding over the difficulties of the past months is an achievement nothing short of miraculous.
我们的成功克服了几个月的困难，简直可以说是一个奇迹般的成就。
4．Vanity is either the silly affectation of good qualities one doesn’t have or the sillier pride of whatsoever does not deserve commendation in itself.
虚荣心要么是愚蠢的装作自己并不具备的优点；要么是更加愚蠢的夸耀其本身并不值得称赞的优势。
5．Disregard of public interest is a sin of all others to be condemned.
忽视公众利益是对他人的罪过，最应该受到指责
6．The competing interests groups confront each other with a show of passion and drama, sometimes over inconsequential matters or over a mere linguistic difference.
利益冲突集团有时候为了一些直接问题或字眼而争论的面红耳赤，剑拔弩张。
7．站在那座楼的楼顶上，整个校园一览无余。
Standing on the top of the building,I can command the whole view of the campus.
8．如果天气允许，下周日我们到水上公园来一次野餐。
Weather permitting,we will go to the Water Park and have a oicnic next Sunday.
9.我先写了一些简单的句子，然后我把它们连接起来。
I wrote some simple sentences,and connected them.
10.那部影片情趣横生，演技高超，所以，我很想再看一遍。
That movie is full of wit，humor，and acting superior,so I want to see it again.
1．Former classmates gathered in the social hall for friendship and lunch.
昔日的同窗在俱乐部相聚、叙叙旧、吃顿饭。
2．Mrs. Smith hurried here with her child and all doubts.
史密斯太太带着她的孩子和所有疑问来到了这里
3．She was dressed in a maid’s cap, a pinafore, and a bright smile.
她带了一顶女士帽子、穿着一件无袖连衣裙、脸上还有明朗的笑容。
4．The nation’s best loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.
这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到登峰造极的程度。
5．The goods are handed over for disposal against payment by the customer.
商品交给顾客需要顾客付钱。
6．intense disgust迷住intense pain剧痛intense study紧张的学习
intense hatred强烈的仇恨intense longing强烈的渴望intense desire强烈的愿望
intense sun强烈的阳光intense heat酷暑intense cold严寒
7．The very successes of physics and chemistry have ensured that biology should now present the key problems of the whole of natural science, offering a challenge to the understanding of the world in which we live, which will call for far more extensive and at the same time better co-ordinated efforts than all those which science has dealt with in the past.
物理学和化学的成功确保了当下生物学需要展示整个自然科学的关键问题,提供了关于对我们所生活的世界的理解之挑战,这将需要比过去以往科学家所做之研究更广泛的同时更协调的努力.
8. 遇到困难meet with difficulties 遇到生词meet new words 遇到机会meet oppotunities
遇到朋友meet friends看电视watch tv看电影see movies看地图look at map
看黑板look at the blackboard 参加会议attend the meeting参加革命participate in revolution 参加劳动take part in labor 参加意见participate in opinion 9. 人非圣贤，孰能无过，过而能改，善莫大焉。
To error is human,to correct divine.
10．香港特别行政区的区旗是五星花蕊的紫荆花红旗。
The regional flag of Hong Kong special administrative region is a red flag with a purple flowers red flag.
1．There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.
我们要完全掌握集成电路技术，有三个步骤需要做。
2．The murder was foul and unnatural, and for a long time even Gryce, veteran solver of police mysteries was confounded by the simplicity of the crime.
这件离奇的案件，作案手法卑鄙下流、干净利落。使那些破获过悬疑大案的老手们，也包括古莱斯警官，也感到束手无策。
3．On Mondays, John has a lecture in Downing College ending at 9:55 and another in Trinity at 10:00. His bicycle must get him there through a sea of other bicycles hurrying in all
directions.
每个星期一,约翰在道宁学院的课9:55结束，在三一学院的课10点开始，所以他必须骑车穿过拥挤的自行车潮。
4．He will never be well again until he gets over the delusion that he has an incurable disease.
直到他从自己有不治之症的错觉中清醒过来，他不会恢复正常了。
5． A little after midnight the pilot landed narrowly averting a crackup.
刚刚过了午夜，飞行员紧急降落，避免了飞机撞毁。
6．The ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water beside her.
轮船及时调整了方向，紧急的避开了上升的冰山。这座冰山在她旁边100英尺开外逐渐显现。
7．When Mike was talking about the affair, we smelled a rat.
当麦克正谈到整件事情的时候，我们产生了怀疑。
8．It seems to us that the General Assembly should strive, constantly and resolutely, to sharpen its weapons against the violators of the declaration.
我们认为联合国大会应该坚定不移的坚持去增强自己的武器装备实力。这样才能够对违反宣言的人进行更有力的斗争。
9．因为被老板解雇了，他只好离开那里设法寻找新工作。(不要用because, for) Being admissed by his boss,he left there to find a new job.
10．因为住在山区小镇，我们的消息一点也不灵通。
Living in a town of mountainous area,we are ill-informed.
11．他因为有很多零用钱，所以常常大手大脚地请朋友们吃零食。
Having a lot of pocket money,he always buys snackes for friends extravagantly.
12．只要人人都献出一点爱, 世界将变成美好的人间。
Only when each person devotes a little love,world will be a paradise.
1．It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
我原计划1月份访问中国，后来因故推迟，对此我深表遗憾。
2．Why should I speak in abstract terms when we have the facts, from none other than Mr. Rusk, who briefed various legislators the other day, which I read and which couldn’t have been invented?
正是鲁克思先生在前几天介绍了几位立法者，既然我们都了解这个事实根本不可能是假的，为什么我还一定要用术语。
3．The meaning of the sentence is quite ambiguous and may be mistaken by the readers.
这个句子句意模糊，很可能会被读者误解。
4．The young cyclist dashed about madly and was knocked down by a truck.
这个年轻的自行车手骑车太猛，结果被一辆卡车撞倒。
5．Read aloud the text every morning, and you will improve your pronunciation and intonation. 如果每天早上大声朗读课文，将有助于提高你的发音和语调。
6．I was trying to do a good deed, and this is what I have got in return.
我努力去做善事，但最终却得到这样的回报。
7．There are no articles in Chinese and we can express our thought as clearly and definitely as the English do.
尽管在汉语中没有冠词，但是我们依然能够像英国人一样清楚地表达我们的想法。8．All problems can be solved by ourselves when we really use our brain
只要我们认真思考后，所有问题就会迎刃而解了。
9．. Why was she late when she knew the class began at eight sharp?
既然她知道八点上课，为什么还会迟到。
10. They doubted that Lincoln could have modeled his Gettysburg Address on Webster’s Third
New International Dictionary --- a concept of how things get written that throws little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
他们怀疑林肯是否会依据《韦氏》第三版写他的葛底斯堡演说稿-这样的看法无助于阐释林肯是怎样写东西的，却更多的说明了《生活》的编辑是怎样写文章的。
11. 东方地平线上，渐渐透出一片红光，闪烁在碧绿的江面上。
Above the easten horizon,the red light gradually appeared flashing on the limpid bright,there emerged an immerse space of red glow glitting on the brightly river.
12.湛蓝的天空万里无云，绚丽的朝霞放射出万道光芒。
Azure blue was the cloudless sky.The glorious rays of the rising sun shining in great splendor.
1.It is regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter.
我们的请求石沉大海，令我们十分遗憾
2.It was early evening and the streets were in movement; the bistros gleamed.
夜幕刚刚降临，街上的行人逐渐多了起来，餐馆也陆陆续续开张了。
3.These resolutions are no more than pious wishes and are still-born.
这些决议不过是一些虔诚的愿望，相当于一纸空文。
4.During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team.
在战争期间，他作为一名实习医生，加入了巡回医疗队。
5.He was thirty-five, and good to look at. The Irish mobility of his face was sobered by a deep
wrinkle between his eyes.
他今年三十五岁，看起来十分端正，美誉之间拿到深刻的皱纹，让他那爱尔兰裔的善感表情显得十分严肃。
6.Official photographers focused on these two old friends, flashing a clear message. Kissinger
needed no interpreter.
官方摄影师们将镜头对准了这两个老朋友，并补助到一条信息。基辛格博士不需要翻译也能懂得他的含义。
7.Nevertheless, clutches of proper design and size, properly installed and care for, give a very
good account of themselves.
然而，离合器的结构尺寸、安装包装，都会决定它们的使用寿命。
8.I asked a man who has a wife and a nineteen-year-old daughter who did the cooking at
home, and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.
我问过一位有一个十九岁女儿的已婚男士，在他家谁做饭，他说谁先到家谁就做饭9.The schoolboy addressed the august audience with no more fear than if he had been talking
to a group of his playmates.
这个小学男生像这些令人尊重的人作报告，就想对他的玩伴说话一样，一点都不害怕。
10.How would we feel about the sound of our own voices if our first howls had been generally
ignored or if the answer to our infant babbling had regularly been a smack in the face?
With any sort of luck, it does, thank heavens, go another way.
我们要是在呱呱坠地的时候，谁也不理会我们的叫喊，牙牙学语是总是挨耳光，我们大概以后在也不想吭声了，谢天谢地，幸而不是这样。
11．他很成熟，决不是一个让感情统治理智的人。
He is enough mature and a man dominated by emotion.
12．你的生活既有甜又有苦，我的也是欢乐与悲哀兼而有之。
Your life has both sweet and bitter;my life is also joyful and sorrowful.
1．Hoover was proud of his wife, who spoke five languages fluently and set what was conceded to be the finest table in White House history.
胡佛为他的妻子感到自豪。因为她能够流利地讲五种语言，并且她的食谱据说是白宫历史上最讲究的。
2．When they find who killed that kid and its mother in the traffic accident, they will throw the book, and never mind who it hits.
他们要是查明是谁撞死了孩子及其父母。他们就会严惩肇事者，不管是谁。
3．The state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible.
州立法机构最近通过一项法律，即禁止讲授任何否定圣经中上帝创造万物的理论。4．That altered, frightened, fat face, told his secret well enough.
他的胖脸被吓得走了样，使他内心的打算也充分暴露出来。
5．There are always oxygen transport and consumption in body.
身体中总是有氧气的传送和消耗。
6.Dietary and personal hygiene should be strictly observed.
饮食和个人卫生应该严格遵守。
7.Gas, oil and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal.
金属热处理常用煤气、油炉和电炉。
8.The advantages of the auditorium are bright, spacious, fashionable and echoless.
明亮、宽敞、时尚、无回声是剧院的优点。
9.Elsewhere, there is the carpet market, with its profusion of rich colors, varied textures and regional designs.
这有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑斓，花纹图案富有地方特色。
10．Trouble is the next best thing to enjoyment; there is no fate in the world so horrible as to have no share in either its joys or its sorrows.
在这世上，没有一个人的命运糟糕到连快乐或悲伤其中一种感情都未曾经历的程度。
11.教育改变命运，知识创造财富，读书充实人生。
Education transforms fate;Knowledge creats fortune;Reading enriches life.
12.让心灵沐浴阳光，让快乐充溢胸膛。
The soul is immersed in sunshine;The chest is full of happiness.
1．Having been to Tianjin several time, he lost his way again this time.
尽管去了天津好几次，但这次他又迷路了。
2．The metropolis, with all its high crime rate, attracts people from all over the world.
尽管大都市的犯罪率极高，但这仍然吸引来自世界各地的人们。
3．Mike, who survived a traffic accident last year, still drives recklessly as ever.
尽管麦克在去年的交通事故中大难不死，但她仍然像从前一样驾车时分莽撞。
4．That Toyota Camry, which has a high mileage, looks in pretty good condition and runs great.
尽管这款丰田凯美瑞行驶了很长的里程，但它外形美观，跑起来也很好。
5．All being well, we can finish the task three days ahead of the schedule.
如果一切顺利，我们将会提前三天完成任务。
6．She was furious at the goat, which had got on the wrong side of the fence and was eating her flowers.
她对山羊感到十分恼火，因为羊跑到了栅栏的另一边，吃了她种的花。
7．Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.
作为一个作家和演说家，在和全世界分享这个之前，他总结了新的美国人的经历8．They vanished from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed --- a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
他们从这个世界消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重、无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误、失败、愚蠢，这个世界也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界赋予他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。
9．如果考虑到各个方面，你的译文读起来好一些。
All things considered ,your translation will be better.
10．他们认为，如果不考虑一个公司大多数雇员的正当愿望，任何新气象都不会是持久的。
They think that not considering the proper wishes of the most employee working in the firm,any present phenomena will not be permanent.
11．你去曼谷时，不用带厚衣服，因为曼谷是世界上平均温度最高的城市。
When going to Bongkok,you needn’t take thick clothes,because Bongkok is a city having the most average temperature in the world.
12．少壮不努力, 老大徒伤悲。
A lazy youth;a lousy age.
1.Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin.
傲慢和组满最终毁了她
2.Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products.
英国没有天然的屏障，阻止好莱坞影片的大量涌入。
3.Edison patented over one thousand separate inventions during his whole life.
爱迪生一生当中有一千多项的发明
4.In all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship.
平静宽阔的海面上，我们难得看到一艘船。
5. We may go back to the earliest times, to the banishment from the Garden of Eden.
我们可以追溯到从伊甸园里驱逐出来的时候。
6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the
public mind.
大众头脑中，应该减少患癌风险产生的焦虑
7. The wording of Paragraph l could be modified without specially censuring one of the parties
concerned, namely the United Kingdom.
第一段的措辞可以不必特意指出有关双方中的任何一方，也就是英国。
8. Their powers of conversation were considerable. They could describe an entertainment with
accuracy, relate an anecdote with humor, and laugh at their acquaintance with spirit.
他们谈话的能力十分厉害，他们可以精确的描述一项娱乐项目，可以幽默地描述一件奇闻异事，并且可以一边喝酒一边取笑他们的熟人。
9. The big courtyard is full of vehicles, yellow with dirt, mended and patched, raising their
shafts to the sky like two arms, or perhaps with their noses in the ground and their backs in the air.
在这个大院里，到处都是车辆，他们有的沾满黄泥有的修补过，有的车辕像手臂一样向上翘起，有的车头冲着地，有的车尾冲向天空。
10. It was getting dark. Chickens, ducks and turkeys were waddling, strutting and straggling
back from the fields.
天慢慢变黑了，鸡鸭、火鸡们从田野中回来，有的摇摇摆摆，有的昂首阔步，有的懒懒散散落在队伍后面。
11. 书要认真读, 人要认真为。
Read hard by your heart;behave nicely by your soul.
12. 勤学善学，让知识浇灌岁月；好学乐学，以学习充实青春。
With diligence and skillfulness in learing,let our knowledge grow withyears.With fondness and eagerness,let our study make a full adolescence.
1. The room was warm, spacious and comfortably American.
房间十分温暖宽敞，美式布置让人感到舒适。
2. If peace should reign supreme in that area, constituting a hub of the world, untold benefits
would accrue to all humanity.
如果和平组成世界的中心，那么将会带给人类数不清的好处。
3．His honor rooted in dishonor stood, and faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.
他的荣誉建立在耻辱之上，忠实建立在背叛之上，虚虚实实，不真不假。
4. He described the claim in alliterative fashion as a composite of fantasy, fallacy and fiction.
曾有人译为他用押头韵的方式把这种要求描绘成虚幻、虚妄、虚构的混合物。
5. One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 要掌握一门外语，非下苦功不可。
6. Mark Twain was as humorous as any writer not only in America but also in the world.
马克吐温的幽默感不论是在每周还是全世界都无人能比。
7. In a company as big as ours, there are very few people but admire his talents.
像我们一样大的公司里，没有人不称赞她的才能
8. There was not a single person in our department but thought you were in the right.
在我们部门里，没有一个人不赞同你是对的。
9. A smile would come into Mr. Pickwick’s face, the smile extended into a laugh, the laugh into
a roar, and the roar became general.
匹克威客先生脸上浮现出微笑，慢慢变成了大笑、狂笑、最后变成了哄堂大笑。
10. Surrounded by wild flying spray and deafened by the roar of the Falls, tourists come face to
face with one of nature’s great extravagances.
四周水花激溅，响声震耳欲聋，游人慕名来到这里，领略大自然的鬼斧神工。
11. 商品这东西，千百万人，天天看它，用它，但是熟视无睹。
Commodities are seen and used by millons of people,but not paid enough attention.
12．业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。
Proficiency comes from diligence,and is ruined by distraction.A deed is done through thought,and fails through lack of thought.
1.The difference between us lies in that we think in different ways, maybe the generation gap,
but the difference between you two lies in that you do things in different ways and think in the same way
2.我们之间的不同是因为我们思考的方式不同，有可能是代购，但是你们之间的不同是
因为你们想法一致而做事方法不同。
3.The Captain found in the mate’s defect a constant source of humor, and hesitated the less to
rally on the defect because he realized that the mate was sensitive about it.
4.船长发现大副的缺陷带来了源源不断的幽默。他发现大副对此十分敏感而更加肆意妄
为了。
3．There is nothing people bear more impatiently, or forgive less, than contempt..
受人情史是最让人难以容忍和原谅的了
4．They have considerable powers of conversation, describing a banquet with accuracy, relating an anecdote with humor, and laughing at their acquaintances with spirit.
他们谈话的能力十分厉害，他们可以精确的描述一项娱乐项目，可以幽默地描述一件奇闻异事，并且可以一边喝酒一边取笑他们的熟人。
5．With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem but can be solved in a few hours
随着计算机的温室，这里再也没有负责的问题不能再几个小时内解决了
(There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.)
各种材料，在力的作用下都会变形
6. We are confident that under your able and wise leadership the Security Council will arrive at
the right conclusion consonant with the present situation.
在你英明干练的领导下，我们相信安理会将会做出与现在的情况相符的正确决定
7. The company had a hard time: besides the unreal plans, unfilled contracts, fouled
communications and jumbled priorities, there were more hands than needed.
这家公司举步维艰，这里有不切实际的计划，为兑现的合同，混乱的交往以及无需的优先
照顾，除此之外还有人浮于事。
8. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of side-by-side living in which groups of
people from other countries often have kept many of their own customs and habits.
事实上在美国存在的状态时美国人过得多半是一种并存的生活，来自不同国家的民族往往是保留着他们自己的行为习惯
9. 时至今日，仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知，令人心驰神往。To many Americans,China is still a faraway place,unknown,unseenand fascinating.
10．我们一提到中国就想起朝气，一种蓬蓬勃勃的朝气。
We associate China with vigovous vitality.
1．The country was shockingly beautiful, and just as shockingly difficult to capture from the enemy.
2．这座城市异常美丽，就像她难以从敌人手中夺过来一样
3．The man was as strong as a horse, and his temper was as fierce as he was strong.
4．那个人的力气很大，他的脾气也大得很。
5．Cattle with long horns, like elders of the kirk, sternly munching thistles in the foreground. 6．门前的长角牛，用力的咀嚼着蓟草，其表情之严肃如同苏格兰长老一样。
7．A visitor may consider that he is being treated impolitely in relation to his rank when he is treated like everyone else in America.
8．有的游客也许会想到自己的身份，但在美国所受到的待遇与普通人一样因此觉得自己被怠慢了
9．It roiled, leaping turbulently along the pronounced downhill pitch, breaking white against glistening rocks.
10．水湍急的流着，沿着斜坡顺流而下，寄件者晶莹的岩石
11．The United States representative spoke with a tone of indignation in the way the United States delegation often does when it has no facts to support its position.
12．美国代表发言时，使用了一种福怒的语气，这是美国代表团找不到事实来支撑其立场时惯用的伎俩
13．Today’s votes have made crystal clear who are the friends and who are the enemies of
a people fighting for its freedom and independence.
14．一个为自由和独立而斗争的民族，谁是他的朋友，谁是他的敌人，通过今天的表决已经一清二楚了
15．It is anomalous that a regime which has amply demonstrated its contempt for the United Nations should continue to be a Member of the body.
16．一个完全蔑视联合国的证券竟然继续作为该组织的一个成员国是反常的17．The Security Council’s debates and resolutions concerning the situation in the Middle East, I think, must be strictly based on fact and law.
我认为，安理会的辩论和有关中东局势的阁下决议，必须严格依据事实和法律10．The examination of rules of procedure, the allocation of agenda items, the organization of the work of the Assembly and documentation are the works of the committee.
议事规则的审查，议事项目的安排，大会工作组织和文件整理，这都是委员会的工作。11．爱的情感是一种气氛，一种心心相印的气氛。每个人的生活都应该为这种爱留下一席之地。
Love is a climate-a climate of two heart.Everyone’s life should have room for such love. 12．年轻有为的作家会对这个传统的艺术中心趋之若骛，以便在这里倾泻他们新获得的创造力。
The hopeful young writers scramble for this traditional artistic center to pour out their new found creative strength.
翻译作业
The Art of Living The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: " A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open." 生活的艺术在于懂得何时紧紧抓住，何时放手。生活就是一个悖论：它要我们抓住生命赐予的礼物，却又要在最后一一放手。古时的犹太拉比说：“人来到这个世上时紧握着拳头，但当他离去时，手又松开了。” Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth. 当然我们应紧紧抓住生命，因为它让人惊奇，并且充满了美，它散落在上帝所创造的每一寸土地上的。 We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. 我们知道确实如此，但是我们总在回首时才意识到，过去的一切我们仍然记得，但却明白了一切不再如此。 We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered. 我们会记起的，是一种凋谢的美，一份逝去的爱。当美绽放时我们并没有去留意这份美，当爱情来临时我们未能报之以爱。回想这些，我们会更加心痛。 Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. 生活给我们的第一个矛盾的真理：永远不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的奇迹与壮丽。 Be reverent before each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute. 崇敬每一天。拥抱每一小时。抓紧每一分钟。 Hold fast to life... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. 牢牢抓住人生，但不要抓得太紧，免得到时候不能放手。放手是人生硬币的另一面，是人生矛盾的另一极：我们必须接受失去并学会放手。 And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.
英语翻译作业
Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。
翻译作业
《形合和意合的差异与英汉互译》---英语专业论文范文 关键词：英汉互译形合意合语篇 摘要：由于英语语篇讲究形合，汉语语篇讲究意合，两种语言在联句成篇上的明显差异导致英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。掌握两者的差异，有助于更准确地理解原文，更地道地构建译文。 关键词：英汉；互译；形合；意合；语篇 一、引言 语言是文化的载体，任何一种语言都反映了与其相应的文化。西方人重形式分析和逻辑推理，强调“由一到多”的思维传统。在处理问题上，注意把具体问题从总体中分离出来，把极复杂的问题划分为比较简单的形式和部分，然后逐一去研究；汉民族讲究“天人合一”，重视整体思维，注重心理时空的思维方式。在处理问题上，注意从整体上，从一事物与他事物的联系上加以认识，予以解决。英汉民族思维模式的差异导致两种语言在结构上差异明显。英语讲究形合，语法显性，而汉语则注重“意合”，语法隐性。所谓形合，指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。汉语讲究意合。所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。形合和意合的差异是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别。 二、英汉语篇形合与意合差异对英汉互译的影响 任何语言都不是独立地使用一种固定的表达模式来传递语言信息的，而是两种模式的混合自由作用。但是受文化背景、思维模式的影响，在表达过程中会表现出不同的特点。英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语行文注重结构、形式，注重显性接应，以形显意，语义连贯诉诸理性，因而句子结构严谨、完整。汉语行文注重功能、意义，注重隐性连贯，以神统形，语义连贯诉诸意向，因而汉语句子比较简洁，少用甚至不用形式连接手段。英汉在语篇的连句表意中彰显出不同的表达特色。可见英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译，而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。成功的译文应在意义上与原文等值，在遣词造句上看不出硬译的痕迹，符合译文行文要求和表达习惯，做到“信、达、雅”，即：忠实原文的实质精神，表达充分又确切，文字优雅流畅。 英汉形合、意合的差异导致汉译英时，若不加分析，一概完整地逐字、逐词、逐句照译，势必出现“汉化英语”，译文成为英文语篇中的破句或电报语，而英译汉时，则出现“英化汉语”，原文中所存在的连词在译文语篇中显得有些苍白，甚至累赘，失去了语言的简洁性、紧凑性。翻译实践证明，大量句子英汉互译时，往往需要在语篇中重新构建符合译文语言特点的表达。 1. 句子主语的调整。 英汉语句子均由主语和谓语两大部分组成，但英汉语句子主谓之间的句法关系差异明显。英语重形合，句子的主谓之间存有强制性的一致关系，决定谓语动词的人称形式和数形式，因此英语句子的主语在句中一般是不可或缺的。它是如此地不可或缺，以致当主语因修辞原因而移位时，甚至要使用形式主语来补足空位。汉语重意合，句子的主谓之间没有强制性的一致关系，主语对谓语动词的形式没有决定作用，句法地位并不十分重要，在语境（包括上下文、情景语境、常识与背景知识等）中为交际双方所共知的主语常常省去，以意承脉，因而汉语中存在大量的无主句或主语省略句。如以下汉语中的无主句，译成英语时则要补出主语。 （1）好，不再说了吧；要落泪了，真想念北平呀！ （老舍，想北平） Now，let me leave off writing，for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss. Peiping! （2）凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。 （冰心，笑） Standing at the window for a while，I felt a bit chilly. （3）It is hard to find out what any county can door will do next. （Lord Dunsany：The Greatest Invention） 很难预料一个国家能做什么或是接着会干什么。 2. 句式上的调整。 意合在形态上是平级配列，而形合在形态上是次级配列。汉语的句子以说话者的意念为主轴，形成一种意念机制，表
翻译作业
翻译作业 1．His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest 他接受贿赂导致被捕。. 2．Computers have changed the way we work and play. 电脑改变了我们工作和娱乐的方式。 3．She turned towards me immediately. The elegance of every moment of her limbs and body as soon as she began to advance from the far end of the room., set me in a flutter of expectation to see her face clearly. 她立即转向我。每当她开始从房间的尽头往前走时，她每一刻举手投足的优雅都吸引着我想把她的脸看清楚。 4．The flowers smells sweet. 花香四溢。 5．It tastes too much of garlic. 蒜味很重。 6．He didn’t look or act like his usual sel f—his face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled. 他看上去和行为都和他往常不一样--面色绯红，帽子后戴，头发凌乱。 7．We are faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island country.
《翻译(一)作业参考答案
《翻译(一)》作业参考答案 I. 1.打破记录 2.武装到牙齿 3.酸葡萄 4.君子协定 5.开放政策 6.冷战 7.低声 8.文火 9.占 10.原因 11.消灭 12.交待清楚13.和风 14.软水 15.添煤 16.捏造 17.修好 18.收拾一下 19.软水 20.呢帽 21.好 22.正好 23.右 24.申冤。 II. 1.“一定会把他造就成一个堂堂男子汉”，杰克说“就是应该上大学嘛！” 2.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。 3.这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌。 4.我的回答并不躲躲躲闪闪。 5.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 6.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 7.在走过市区的时候，他们看见了一座宏伟的酒店。 8.他经常来。 9.他对这个城市完全陌生。 10.这完全是胡说。 11.那个园会真是圆满极了。 12.淡淡的太阳从海上升起。 13.“我知道, 这是在抓救命稻草”, 他无可奈何地说. 14.他的靴子时常闪闪发光. 15.他开了眼界,并懂得了一些名堂. 16.他满脸皱纹, 皮肤很黑,头发灰白稀疏. 17.他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题. 18.我们应学会如何分析问题和解决问题. 19.我们深信，社会主义制度终究会代替资本主动义制度。 20.他回来时，收音机仍然开着。 21.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 22.我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。 23.我们高度珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。 24.他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 III. A 这是一个最好的历史时期，这又是一个最坏的历史时期； 这是一个充满智慧的年代，这又是一个不乏愚蠢的年代； 这是一个富有信仰的时代，这又是一个轻易怀疑的时代； 这是一个光明普照的季节，这又是一个黑暗笼罩的季节；
翻译作业
１． 私か田舎から北京へ来て、またたく間に6年になる。その間、耳に聞き目に見た国家の大事になるものは数えてみれば相当あった。 ２． 動物はそれなりにその生活条件に適応している。その中でも自然条件が動物に与える影響は大きいものである。ところが人類は、生まれっいて文化環境の中に暮らす。すなわち自然環境と接する場合にも、その間に文化というものが媒介するのである。文化は言語によって仲間に、又時代に伝えられる。人類は其れによって気まぐれな自然の脅威から巧みに身を守ってきた。人類から文化を取り除いてしまえば、これほど無カで臆病な動物が あるだろうか。 ３． 地図を調べてみても、人間が歩いていけそうな距離には村なんてない。其れなのに、人が歩いている。荷物らしい荷物も持たずに、頭に何かを載せただけで、ただただ歩いている。 ４． 私は彼女と長年苦しく愛し合っていたが、この愛は彼女を傷つけた。その分、私自身も傷つけられた。 ５ ジェトロ青島事務所の開設を記念いたしまして、講演会のご案内をいたしましたところ、かくも多、くの皆様に御参集いただき、厚くお礼を申し上げます。各界を代表するご高名の方がお見えでございます。いちいちお名前を申し上げませんが。心 よりお礼を申し上げます。ありがとうございました 为了纪念ジュトロ青島事務所得开设，借演讲介绍来感谢大家在百忙之中， 来出席这次演讲。这次演讲的加宾有各界的知名人士，在这就不一一列举了，真得很感谢你们的捧场。 ６． 視聴率さえとっていれば、どんな「やらせ」をやろうとも、メデ??の責任を考えれば、モラルに反すると思うことをやっでも、大手を振ることができる世界で、それを見習ってい<人間と、そんなことはしたくないと気力が萎えてしまう人間が生まれ、富み栄えるのは前者ということになる。 ７ そればかりではない。考えてみれば、要資格職業での学科試験中心の運営は、（こうした諸試験の合格率の高い大学を求めた偏差値中心の受験体制を促進強化する)ことにもつながっている
英语作业翻译
西班牙公司在全球范围内取得的惊人成功证明旧式联网的价值。 —Mauro F. Guillén ,Esteban García-Canal 不计其数的来自新兴经济体的公司对于打入国际市场还十分犹豫，尤其是那些来自发展中国家的公司。因为他们认为自己的缺陷是无法弥补的。还有一些公司和传统的跨国公司一样小心，以盈利为中心。他们痛苦的认识到自己没有前沿的技术，占优势的品牌以及新颖的产品，而建立这些优势的过程将是漫长而又令人畏惧的，即便是对于拥有所必需资金的公司也是如此。所以他们只停留在国内。虽然可以盈利但是不能充分发挥自身的潜力。而且也难以与来自国外的竞争相抗衡。是的，这些公司只站在全球竞争的边缘是没有道理的。我们的研究表明即使一个公司没有先进的技术和品牌资产，它同样能运用其他技能在海外市场获得成功，比如说人际技能和操作技能，这些在国内已经磨砺多年的技能。我们来看一看一些西班牙的跨国公司就知道了。虽然西班牙经济在全球大萧条时期处于困境，他的国内生产总值和失业率飙升到大约20﹪。 怎样才能用旧式的技艺来占领新的市场 全球最大的新娘装制造商。普洛诺维斯（Pronovias）是西班牙两千多个跨国公司之一，它每年卖出480,000套衣服并在75个国家拥有分公司。即便没有技术和品牌优势，这个国家的大约2000个跨国公司中的许多公司在国外蓬勃发展。通过观察西班牙公司在过去25年的全球扩张，我们发现领导者通过兼并来扩大范围，但是只集中发展几个产业和地区。然后他们运用在其国内成长起来的政治联网技能，项目实施知识以及纵向整合技能---这些在其他新兴市场中的公司同样拥有的技能---来强化地位。在这个过程中西班牙公司能绕过跨国公司一直崇尚的缓慢，逐步增长的传统扩张战略。正如我们所要看到的，速度是一些西班牙公司在国际上取得成功的关键因素。这一点是别的公司走入全球市场需要牢牢记住的。 昔日的起步者成为全球巨头 在1986年以前，西班牙在海外并没有大量的投资。西班牙融入欧洲经济共同体后开始打破了其与欧洲其他国家贸易与竞争的壁垒。在此时，西班牙公司开始在电力，水力，石油，天然气，交通，通信及银行业进行大规模的跨国兼并。西班牙在20世纪90年代末期采用了欧元，这使得西班牙公司更容易获得在世界其他地区进行风险投资的资本。从而极大地促进了兼并的步伐。一些现在著名的西班牙跨国公司就是全球化第一次爆发的分流。2009年，就收入而言，Telefónica是全球第五大电信供应商，桑塔德银行(santander)是全球第四大银行。四家西班牙公司（ACS, FCC, Ferrovial, Abertis）在全球最大的交通基础设施开发商和管理商中跃居榜首。伊维尔德罗拉（Iberdrola）是最大的风能生产商，能源北美公司（acciona）是最大的风力田开发商，Sol Meliá是最大的度假酒店连锁商。更深一步的观察，你会发现西班牙公司在食品加工和服装工业居于领先地位。Viscofan是向肉类加工业提供人工肠衣最大生产商，Freixenet是20多年来全球最大的汽酒生产商。在纺织和服装行业，西班牙是牛仔裤引领者Tavex和全球最大的婚纱设计商制造商Pronovias的故乡。虽然西班牙在资金密集型产业如：化工，金属材料，电子，汽车等行业还没有全球争夺者，但少数几个西班牙公司在与这些行业相关联的利基市场是极其强大的竞争者。比如说汽车零部件生产商Grupo Antolin，无锈钢生产商Acerinox，风力涡轮机生产商Gamesa。随着它们走向全球化，西班牙公司不愿开昂贵而有风险的独资公司，取而代之，他们更青睐结盟，合资企业和兼并。例如，Banco Santander通过兼并在拉丁美洲建立起最大的零售银行，然后收购了英国修道院银行和其他一些欧美大的机构。在欧洲、亚洲和美洲的兼并使得Grupo SOS成为全球最大的橄榄油公司。Ebro Puleva也是通过兼并成为全球最大的稻米生产商和第二大的面条生产者。西班牙公司也倾向于在地理上集中它们在国外的扩张。大约90℅的西班牙外向直接投资集中在拉丁美洲和欧洲。这种目标指向性的扩长方式使得公司能够在全球延伸的欲望和不断更新技能的需要方面找到平衡。这是新兴经济体竞争者现在要面临的双重挑战。在拉美西班牙公司有着天然的优势，比如文化的类似性，语言的共同性，相互联系性，以及邻近的其他欧洲市场给予的销售增长和开发新潜能的机遇。在这里建立滩头堡之后，西班牙公司就有选择性的投资别的发达国家，如美国，来提升他们的技术和市场机能。贯穿其扩张的每一阶段，西班牙公司都采用老式的，历史悠久的技艺。 用政治专长来赌增长
英语翻译作业1
He stopped traffic on Fifth Avenue like the Beatles or Marilyn Monroe. He could've been president of Israel or played violin at Carnegie Hall, but he was too busy thinking. His musings on God, love and the meaning of life grace our greeting cards and day-timers. Fifty years after his death, his shock of white hair and droopy mustache still symbolize genius. Einstein remains the foremost scientist of the modern era. Looking back 2,400 years, only Newton, Galileo and Aristotle were his equals. Around the world, universities and academies are celebrating the 100th anniversary of Einstein's "miracle year" when he published five scientific papers in 1905 that fundamentally changed our grasp of space, time, light and matter. Only he could top himself about a decade later with his theory of general relativity. Born in the era of horse-drawn carriages, his ideas launched a dazzling technological revolution that has generated more change in a century than in the previous two millennia. Computers, satellites, telecommunication, lasers, television and nuclear power all owe their invention to ways in which Einstein peeled back the veneer of the observable world to expose a stranger and more complicated reality underneath. Yet there is more, and it is why Einstein transcends mere genius and has become our culture's grandfatherly icon. He escaped Hitler's Germany and devoted the rest of his life to humanitarian and pacifist causes with an authority unmatched by any scientist today, or even most politicians and religious leaders. He used his celebrity to speak out against fascism, racial prejudice and the McCarthy hearings. His FBI file ran 1,400 pages. His letters reveal a tumultuous personal life -- married twice and indifferent toward his children while obsessed with physics. Yet he charmed lovers and admirers with poetry and sailboat outings. Friends and neighbors fiercely protected his privacy 他曾像披头士和玛莉莲-梦露一样让第五大道交通阻塞， 他本可以成为以色列总统，或在卡内基音乐厅演奏小提琴，但他却把时间都用来思考。他对上帝、爱和对人生意义的思考经常出现在贺卡和台历上。 在他去世五十年后,他一头浓密的白发和下垂的胡须仍是天才的象征。 爱因斯坦仍然是现代最伟大的科学家。看过去的2400年里也只有牛顿、伽利略和亚里士多德才能与之相较。 世界各地的大学和学院都在庆祝爱因斯坦的“奇迹年”100周年纪念。就是他1905年发表五篇科学论文。从根本上改变了我们对空间、时间、光和物质的认识。只有他自己能在数十年之后超越他的广义相对论。 爱因斯坦出生在马车盛行的年代，但他的理论和思想却引发了一场令人眼花缭乱的科学技术革命。在短短的数百年中，这场科技革命带来的的变化远比以往2000年来变化的总和还要多。 计算机、人造卫星、电子通讯、激光、电视和核能的创造发明都归功于爱因斯坦提出的研究方法：......揭露一个陌生人和更复杂的现实。 当然爱因斯坦意味的并不仅仅是这些，他已经超越了科学天才的范畴，成为人类文明中德高望重的偶像。 他逃离了希特勒统治下的德国并把他的余生都献给了人道主义与和平主义事业。他的威望是当今任何科学家和大多数的政治或宗教领袖不能相比的。 作为公众人物，爱因斯坦常常站出来抨击法西斯主义、种族歧视以及当时美国当权者提出的“麦卡锡主义”。他提供给联邦调查局的文件达1400页。 爱因斯坦的书信揭示了他不寻常的个人生活：他结过两次婚；每当专注思考物理问题时，他就会忽略身边的子女。但是，他也会用诗歌和帆船出游来吸引他的爱人和仰慕者。他的朋友和邻居们都极力保护他的隐私。
英语翻译作业
AC500kV Substation Design In China Transmission and Substation Department,CPECC Abstract:Some brief informations about AC500kV substations in China,historical data of their design and essential design principles are presented in this paper.Some technical and engineering problems of AC500kV substation design and construction are discussed.It is emphasized to introduce the500kV substation scales,main electrical connections,selection of equipment and apparatus,insulation coordination,distribution switchyard,control and protection etc.Here we also discuss the policy of project cost control at present time and a prospective view of China AC substations in future. 1.Introduction The research and design of500kV substations in China were started in1977,and the first substation was put into operation in1981.From that time,because of the rapid development of electricity demand in China,design and construction of500kV substations have a great development.Especially in recent years,due to the increase of capital investment for power system construction from the State Government,500kV power system has developed even faster.Till1998about55substations(500kV)were already put into operation,in which217transformers were installed,and the total capacity reached60410 MVA.At present,there are30substations(total capacity26500MVA)under construction.In addition,it has been planned to construction/extends30substations(33transformers,24750 MVA)in accordance with the power delivery from Three Gorges Power Plant. A complete design system of AC500kV substation in China has been gradually established based on the past design and construction experiences and the use of new technologies.This system includes design procedures,design standards,rules and regulations, design management and so on. The essential design principles are safe and reliable,technically advanced,economical and reasonable,and good quality. 2.Size of Substations China is a developing country with broad territory.The economic development is very different from one region to another.In accordance with this fact,the500kV substation size is different at different time and for different region.
翻译作业2
SZ170420117 环境一班任云帆 Peter Newmark: The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions i n two languages have been found. 最早的翻译的痕迹来自公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。 It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. 一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。In the twelfth century, the West came into contact with Islam in Moorish Sp ain. 在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。 The situation favoured the two essential conditions for large-scale translation (Storig, 1963): 这样的情景下推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是： a qualitative difference in culture (the West was inferior but scientifically acquisitive and receptive to new ideas) and continuous contact between two languages. 文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言简的持续交流 When the Moorish supremacy collapsed in Spain, the Toledo school of translato rs translated Arabic versions of Greek scientific and philosophical classics. 当摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。Luther’s Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German and King James’s Bible (1611) had a seminal influence on English language and literature. 卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。 Significant periods of translation preceded Shakespeare and his contemporaries, French classicism and the Romantic Movements. 莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期 全文： 最早的翻译的踪迹公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。这样的情景下，推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是：文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言的持续交流。摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解后，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期。
英语翻译作业
近年来基于2010中国国家血压参考文献的中国儿童和青少年高血压患病率研究 儿童高血压是一种严重的公共卫生问题在世界范围内,尤其是在中国。流行病学研究表明,儿童高血压可以追踪到成年。此外,儿童高血压与成年发病率和死亡率的增加是密切相关的。2010年以前,在中国没有共识定义儿童高血压,这阻碍了中国不同的地区高血压患病率的比较。2010年,Mi 等人通过研究112227名3-18岁儿童和青少年的血压，获得了血压(BP)参考年龄和性别使用的参考文献。根据这个国家的定义,童年高血压定义为收缩压(SBP)和/或舒张压(菲律宾) 年龄和性别的百分比95以上。在本研究中,我们目的是执行使用系统回顾描述2010年中国的不同地区儿童和青少年高血压的患病率的应用。 PubMed和Wanfang数据库寻找合格的文献。搜索条件是(“高血压”或“高血压”)和(“孩子”或“青少年”或“学生”)和(“中国”或“中国人”)。从2010年1月(2010年后出版的, Mi 等人研究的中国国家血压引用文献.[5]),到2014年4月出版的刊物，语言仅限于英语和汉语。入选标准是:(1) 3-18岁的中国儿童和青少年;(2)使用2010中国血压参考标准;(3)测量收缩压和舒张压值至少在同一情况下三次;(3)自2008年以来进行的调查;(4)如果出版包括在不同年份的调查,只包括最近的调查。文献检索后,共有11项研究，（参与者总数是444214)(1、2、6-14)都包含在本研究中。纳入研究的特点总结在表1。高血压患病率在中国不同的区域有显著的不同， (图1)。中国北方城市包括北京(18.2%)或山东高血压患病率(23.3%)高于南部城市包括上海、湖南长沙、和海南(从3.1%升至11.2%)和农村地区。高血压患病率的升高可能很大程度上归因于中国北方饮食盐摄入量。例如,在山东农村成年人的每日摄取食盐约13 g,高于世界卫生组织(少于5克/天)推荐的两倍。 此外,在中国北方高血压高发病率中，肥胖是另一个重要的危险因素。在山东,大约16%的男生和8%的女生肥胖[16],而在湖南省长沙市相应的数据分别是7%和3%。我们还发现，基于中国健康和营养调查的数据和中国全国学生体质与健康调查,整体的高血压患病率14%。我们的研究有两个优点，首先,所有研究包括之后研究都采用相同的标准，即中国国家高血压参考文献。第二,所有调查研究在相似的时期,即从2008年到2010年，因此,流行是最新的,具有可比性。然而,应该注意研究中几个限制。首先,所有高血压患病率的研究仅为同一情况,除了孟等人[6] 在三个不同的时期提供的变化患病率。因此, 我们现在报告中的发病会高估了中国儿童和青少年的高血压真正的发病率。孟等人[6]表明, 在中国北京，3-18岁儿童和青少年高血压的患病率分别是三次分别是18.2%,5.1%,和3.1%。第二, 虽然我们列举了中国几个有限地区对肥胖患病率和消费的盐摄入量，但是中国不同地区高血压发病率不同，我们没有数据表明流行的原因是什么。第三,我们只研究几个儿童高血压高发地区, 需要进一步全面研究中国其他地区高血压患病率。第四,我们只报道汉族中国儿童高血压的患病率，而他少数民族没有类似报告。中国是一个多民族的国家有56个民族,但汉族占中国人口总数的92%左右。目前的研究表明,调查儿童和青少年高血压患病率和区域分布是很重要的，应该建立特定的干预策略来对抗高血压流行。主要措施应该建议控制体重,减少盐的摄入量,特别是在中国北方,以降低中国不同地区儿童高血压患病率。
翻译作业一
Session 6 Conversion 转性译法 请按要求翻译下列各句： 1. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. (into adv.) 2. John was eloquent and elegant ---but soft. (into noun) 3. Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats. (into noun) 4. The communication system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained. 5. This new electronic computer is most widely used and plays an important part in scientific research. (into noun) 6. His statement yesterday was inconsistent with the facts. (into verb) 7. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. (into verb) 8. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. (into noun) 9. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. (into n.) 10. Securities laws require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally. (into adj.) How to Grow Old The best way to overcome the fear of death ----so at least it seems to me --- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river--- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue.