【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)

【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).

The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.

The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.

Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus (属)name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs. Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.

（1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.

A. insects

B. fruits

C. flowers

D. leaves

（2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?

A. They have five legs

B. They live in small groups

C. Their tails can take their weight

D. Their genus is the same as spiders'

（3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Permitted

B. Forbidden

C. Encouraged

D. Ignored

（4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?

A. In a large community

B. In trees with high branches

C. On their mothers' backs

D. On their mothers' stomachs

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不够时，也可以以花朵，种子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的" The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about20to100 male and female monkeys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社

区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Spider monkeys hug each o ther and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories."蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs unti l about 16 weeks old.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Basic information about three classical movies

1 Forrest Gump

"Stupid is as stupid does," says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century... (Click here to show more)

Rating: PG-13 (Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)

Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance

Directed By: Robert Zemeckis

Written By: Eric Roth

In Theaters: Jul 6, 1994 Wide

On Disc/Streaming: Aug 28, 2001

Box Office： $ 330,000,000

Runtime: 142 minutes

Studio: Paramount Pictures

2 Rain Man

Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his long-

estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitt's $ 3 million estate, Charlie learns that all he's inherited is his dad's prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster. Discovering that the $ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is…(Click here to show more)

Rating: R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)

Genre: Drama

Directed By: Barry Levinson

Written By: Ronald Bass, Barry Morrow, David Rayfiel, Barry Levinson

In Theaters: Dec 16, 1988 Wide

On Disc/Streaming: Jan 1, 2000

Runtime: 133 minutes

Studio: MGM

3 The Shawshank Redemption

In 1946, a banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. He's sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank State Prison in Maine, where another lifer, Ellis "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman), picks him as the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. But... (Click here to show more)

Rating: R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)

Genre: A Prison Drama

Directed By: Frank Darabont

Written By: Frank Darabont

In Theaters: Sep 10, 1994 Wide

On Disc/Streaming: Jan 27, 1998

Runtime: 142 minutes

Studio: Columbia Pictures

（1）Who is the director of Rain Man?

A.Frank Darabont.

B.Barry Morrow.

C.Barry Levinson

D.Robert Zemeckis.

（2）The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .

A.prison drama

B.romance

C.love

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4216539130.html,edy

（3）Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?

A.Andy Dufresne.

B.Charlie Babbitt.

C.Forrest Gump.

D.Rain Man.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。这三部电影是《阿甘正传》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救赎》。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Rain Man部分中的“Directed By:Barry Levinson”可知，Rain Man 的导演是Barry Levinson。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据The Shaw shank Redemption部分中的“Genre: A Prison Drama，”可知，The Shaw shank Redemption电影的体裁是A Prison Drama监狱剧，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Forrest Gump部分中的"‘Stupid is as stupid does,’says Forrest Gump ... Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（Forrest Gump）的饰演者汤姆·汉克斯说...。尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘过着一种真正令人神往的生活。可知，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聪明。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.

But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.

It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance," with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.

In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.

Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.

There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.

（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean?

A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.

B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.

C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.

D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?

A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.

B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.

C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.

D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.

（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?

A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.

B.Everybody is a genius in his own way.

C.Miseries come from human stupidity.

D.Teachers can impact students greatly.

（4）What is this passage mainly about?

A.Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.

B.Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.

C.Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.

D.Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her ”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. ”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes

you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.

He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.

In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.

（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument

B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest

D. function as a brief introduction

（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.

（3）What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.

B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.

D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination

B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams

D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过

Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

5．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.

（1）The passage is mainly about ________.

A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping

B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers

C. some special services from super shopping malls

D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions

（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.

B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.

C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.

D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.

（3）How does music have an effect on consumers?

A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.

B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.

C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.

D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited.

（5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?

A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.

B. People should spend more time at home with family members.

C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.

D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。（1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music,

consumers will spend less time in a s tore…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Time:2017-01-24 From:https://www.360docs.net/doc/4216539130.html, Editor: clover

The head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump administration.

Jack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, he said, "China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time. He's open-minded, he's listening."

The Chinese billionaire said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse.

Last week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform.

During the campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan.

Trump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies.

According to the South China Morning Post, Ma said, "American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization." He added that the U.S. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization.

However, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way.

The American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies.

William Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, "we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market."

Another major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year. Ma defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem.

"Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness," Ma said.

I'm Mario Ritter.

（1）The underline phrase “The Chinese billionaire” refers to ________.

A. Trump

B. Jack Ma

C. Mario Ritter

D. Willian Zarit

（2）The text likely take from the ________.

A. economic magazine

B. trade speech

C. website

D. global news （3）About this passage, the most suitable title is “________”.

A. Chinese Billionaire Does Not See China-US Trade War

B. The American international companies removed most tariffs on products traded between the U.S and China

C. Group says American businesses in China concerned

D. The war about fighting against fake products

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管川普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之间的贸易关系恶化。

( 1 )推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，划线词提到的“The Chinese billionaire”指Jack Ma，即阿里巴巴集团董事长马云，故选B。

( 2 )推理判断题。根据文章开头Time:2017-01-24 From:https://www.360docs.net/doc/4216539130.html, Editor: clover及文章的时效性可知，此文来自网站，故选C。

( 3 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管川

普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之间的贸易关系恶化。A项能概括全文，故选A。

【点评】考查新闻报道类短文阅读。

7．阅读理解

Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.

As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.

Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.

I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.

Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?

Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?

（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.

A. interaction

B. analysis

C. creation

D. abstraction

（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.

A. learn letters quickly

B. have a good eyesight

C. can build up a good relationship

D. can apply knowledge to new situations

（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.

A. the similarities between mammals and humans

B. the necessity of long-term studies on

mammals

C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals

D. a discovery of how animals express themselves

（4）What might be the best title for the passage?

A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals

B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals

C. Science Reports on Food Animals

D. A Revolution in Food Animals

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故B选项正确。

（2）推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. Wh en a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项，D选项正确。

（3）段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C 选项正确。

（4）标题归纳题。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：

我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故A选项适合做该文标题。

【点评】文章标题解题技巧：（1）要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；（2）再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；（3）要注意题目是过大还是过小；（4）要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。

8．阅读理解

Given the recent interest in green buildings in the media, let's think differently. Instead of focusing on increasing the supply of energy, what if we focus on reducing demand?

Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.

So it must be possible to look for changes in regulations that would encourage more energy-saving designs. For instance, if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. They were in a year air conditioners could stay if ceiling fans were fixed.

In homes built under the small-house policy in New Territories, the ceiling may be too low for ceiling fans. If the 9-meter maximum building height regulation were relaxed, ceiling fans could be fixed to reduce energy use. Current thinking in sustainable building design and operation involves integrated(协调统一的) design, that is, bring together all parties to create a building with better performance that achieves energy reduction.

For integrated design to succeed, all parties must come together and think beyond each person's circle of influence. Better solutions are impossible to avoid with integrated design. Buildings would no longer be engineered after the basic architecture was built. Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used.

We need to ask if we are ready to look beyond our own small circles and seek an improved approach to building design. By that I mean an integrated design resulting in more sustainable buildings.

（1）What's the author's attitude towards the open-door practice of the street shops? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring.

（2）Why does the author suggest fixing ceiling fans?

A. To follow an old practice.

B. To help reduce energy use.

C. To completely replace air conditioners.

D. To help cut down on daily expenses.

（3）What's the key to making sustainable buildings a reality?

A. All parties should get started at the same time.

B. The basic architecture should be

finished first.

C. Proper design and performance to achieve energy reduction.

D. Seeking the small-house policy and some successful architects.

（4）What would be the best title for the text?

A. Waste less, live better

B. Goodbye, air conditioning

C. How to reduce the energy cost

D. Green buildings call for integrated design

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文。作者认为街边商店开放空调的做法虽然给人以凉爽的空气，但却浪费了大量的能源。所以他鼓励节能的集成设计，即在住宅建成前统一设计，安装吊扇，减少空调的负荷及照明用电等能源。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Can we start with ending the open-door practice of street-front shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning process.可知，作者认为虽然这些商店的凉爽空气给行人提神，但open-door practice却带来了成本，在空调降低温度过程中消耗了能量。可知是持不赞成的态度的。故答案选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段if we fix ceiling fans, air-conditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. 如果我们按装吊扇，空调住宅一年中大部分时间可不用空调。吊扇使用的能量要少得多。由此可知建议安吊扇是因为能减少能源的使用。故答案选B项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第5 段为了使集成设计成功，各方必须团结起。找出更好的解决方案。这种恰当的正确的设计结果，可以减少空调负荷，减少电力照明用电，减少使用材料的数量。（Positive project outcomes may include reduced air-conditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used. ）故答案C符合题意。故答案选C项。

（4）主旨大意题。作者认为商店开放空调导致能源的浪费，所以倡导在住宅区安装吊扇的节能环保的做法。这就需要要建筑房屋前统一的综合的集成设计，才能有一个可持续的节约的环保绿色的建筑。因此本文最好的标题是绿色建筑呼唤集成设计。故D项符合题意。【点评】主旨大意阅读理解题解题技巧：抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语、一枝一节，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

9．阅读理解

Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning. "Only when I need to impress the person. I prefer

using big words," says the 45-year-old.

Adkins is not alone. Many people use longer words in place of shorter ones because they know, consciously or unconsciously, that when others form impressions of them after a glance or a short conversation, they often work harder to give the "right" impression. "People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I'll sound smarter says Daniel Oppenheimer, PhD, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.

The truth is that it can easily go wrong. "It's almost a game that two people are playing," says Eric Igou, PhD, a social psychologist at Ireland's University of Limerick. "If the observer, person B, doesn't have the same theory, it can backfire." Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.

Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, "People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions," says Oppenheimer. That's especially true when it comes to the written word. A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology (应用认知心理学) found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.

So what can you do to sound smarter? Speak clearly and directly. Leave the dictionary at your desk.

（1）Why does Kevin Adkins prefer saying big words sometimes?

A.He wants to make himself more easily understood.

B.He believes that it is cool.

C.He enjoys the feelings of being mysterious.

D.He hopes that what he says sounds smart.

（2）What is Professor Oppenheimer's attitude towards the behavior of using big words?

A.Disapproving.

B.Favorable.

C.Indifferent.

D.Cautious.

（3）What does Eric Igou mean by saying "it can backfire" in paragraph 3?

A.It can catch fire.

B.Person B can fire person A.

C.It can deliver an opposite effect.

D.The observer can also fight back.

（4）What can we learn from the small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology?

A.The writer who never uses big words is more intelligent.

B.The writer who uses big words the most is the most intelligent.

C.People like the writers who only use short and clear expressions.

D.The writers should avoid using big words often in their writings.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们将智慧和清晰的表达联系在一起，因此给人留下聪明印象的说话技巧在于你能够让对方很容易地理解你的意思。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning.”可知，Kevin Adkins承认，当他缺乏信心时，他会说一些人们不经常使用的词使自己显得更聪明，而大多数人却不知道其中的含义。因此Kevin Adkins有时喜欢说一些人们不经常使用的词的原因是他希望他所说的话听起来充满智慧。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.”和第四段中的“Using b ig words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, ‘People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,’ says Oppenheimer.”可知，Oppenheimer教授认为，如果听者不懂说话者的那些长话，这会给听者留下不好的印象。说人们不经常使用的词可能会使听众感到困惑，这会引起人们的误解，人们将智慧与表达的清晰性联系在一起。因此Oppenheimer教授对说话者使用人们不熟悉的词的行为持不赞成态度。故选A。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.”可知，说长话的人A可能被认为是在炫耀而不能体现其聪明。因此划线句子的意思是“它起到了相反的作用”，即说长话的人达到的效果与预想中的让别人看起来很聪明的效果是相反的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A small s tudy in Applied Cognitive Psychology found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.”可知，一项关于应用认知心理学的小型研究发现，作家越是要让自己听起来聪明，他们就越被认为不那么聪明。因此我们可以从应用认知心理学的小型研究了解到作家应避免在写作中经常使用人们不熟悉的词。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Samanta Schweblin, one of the best young Spanish language novelists nominated (提名) by British literary magazine Granta, has visited Beijing to promote the first Chinese edition of a collection of her short stories. The collection, Birds in the Mouth, has been translated and published by Shanghai-based publisher Reader.

“Sometimes I hold the Chinese edition and choose a story at random and try to guess which one it is. But it is a lmost impossible for me; even the length is different.” says Schweblin. “When a book is translated into a Western language, I can at least understand some parts of my stories, and therefore suffer some doubt about the quality of the translation. But my Chinese edition is more like an act of faith.”

Born in Argentina in 1978, Schweblin says she is influenced by the literary traditions of the La Plata area, home to many famous Latin-American novelists.

Interested in writing stories of ordinary lives where suddenly something extraordinary happens, something new, strange or unknown, she thinks, “The stranger and the unknown are not always related to ghosts or aliens, but can be something related to the known world, something that actually could happen.”

Birds in the Mouth tells of a divorced father who worries about his 13-year-old daughter and her mysterious appetites. It turns out that his daughter eats live birds.

The idea for this story came to Schweblin when she was browsing the Internet, “Cl ick, click, click, a picture of a little girl who looks frightened with her hands covering her mouth came to my eyes. Little by little, I developed the story in my mind, and then wrote it down” recalls Schweblin. Although there are elements of violence and bloodiness in Schweblin's stories, she skillfully hides them, thinking the trick to writing a thrilling story is to stop the monster from appearing, while maintaining a frightening and mysterious atmosphere.

（1）Samanta Schweblin came to China to .

A. pay a visit to Beijing

B. translate her stories into Chinese

C. help to make her book more popular

D. publish her collection

（2）When mentioning her Chinese edition, Schweblin thinks .

A. she suffers some doubt about the quality of the translation

B. her Chinese edition is slightly different from the original one

C. she can understand some parts of her Chinese edition

D. she has a strong belief in her Chinese edition

（3）From the passage we can tell, the author, .

A. has an appetite for writing something extraordinary

B. got the idea of her story Birds in the Mouth by design

C. tried to quit describing violent and bloody scenes in her story

D. thinks her writing style is mainly affected by some famous native novelists

（4）We can probably read the passage in .

A. a textbook

B. a newspaper

C. a report

D. a science fiction

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。主要对英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一Samanta Schweblin及其作品进行了简单的介绍。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段1.Samanta Schweblin, …has visited Beijing to promote the first Chinese edition of a collection of her short stories. 来北京是促销她的第一个中文版的短篇小说。由此可知，Samanta来中国就是为了让她的书受欢迎。故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But my Chinese edition is more like an act of faith”faith与belief是同义词。由此可知，提及她的中文版的书时，她对自己的中文版本很有信心。故答案选D。

（3）推理判断题。文中第四段提到作者写的故事中关于平凡生活中突然发生了一些不寻常的事情，一些新的、奇怪的或未知的事情，她认为这与人们已知世界有关的，有可能发生

的。第五段与第六段中的女孩吃鸟的故事，第七段中说作者的故事有暴力与血腥的元素，她的故事有一种惊悚与神秘。可知作者喜欢写一些不同寻常的东西，分析选项可知A项（渴望写出一些不同寻常的东西）符合题意，故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。Samanta Schweblin是英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一，本文中对她及其作品进行了简单的介绍。因此可推断出本文有可能在报纸上看到。故答案选B。

【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

11．阅读理解

The great-grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is at the age of 91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo. Takamizawa was one of the more than 200, 00 people who requested to volunteer for Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is not required for service, but it is a useful skill for volunteers to have.

But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, "In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language."

Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. "When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, 'It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ". Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and main English teacher. Natsuko sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone every day. They also often work together directly on phrases that Takamizawa will need for the Olympics. "Welcome to Tokyo, this is the Olympic stadium, how can I help you?" Takamizawa answers when asked to say an English phrase she has learned. Natsuko explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy. "I can clearly see her English is getting better. It's my joy now."

The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a country. Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language. This situation is slowly changing as younger generations welcome English. However, Takamizawa believes real change will not happen unless Japanese people become more open to the rest of the world. With around 500 days to go until the games begin, the whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the world to Tokyo.

（1）Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?

A. Because English was useless.

B. Because she was too young to learn English.

C. Because English was forbidden to learn.

D. Because she was unwilling to learn English.（2）What can we know from the third paragraph?

A. Takamizawa gets strong support from her family.

B. Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.

C. Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher.

D. Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.

（3）What does the underlined phrase "This situation" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. English is not the first language in Japan.

B. The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low.

C. Younger generations in Japan welcome English.

D. Japanese people become open to the rest of the world.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Where there is a will, there is a way.

B. It is never too late to learn.

C. The early bird catches the worm.

D. Two heads are better than one.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa为了做好迎接在东京举行的2020奥运会的志愿工作，在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下开始学习英语。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, ‘In my second year there, English was banned because it was the en emy language.’”可知，是在她高中二年级时第二次世界大战大战爆发了，而英语因为是敌人的语言被禁止了，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. ‘When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, ‘It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ”.可知她的孙辈说服并且帮助她学习英语，因此推断她从家人那里得到很大的支持。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language.” 在英语不是第一语言的国家中，日本排名第49位。可知“This situation”指的是在日本人的英语水平相对较低，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要介绍了日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下学习英语，从她身上体现了“活到老，学到老”的精神，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test

I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs. But sometimes I play brain games. Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test.

Real Chess

Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste. It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world. You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more. The animations and