大一下期末英语翻译

新视野

Unit3孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。 由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutional etiquette）。一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本。

Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person’s integrity, family harmony, and the nation’s well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It’s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquette. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the a ncient “Oriental civilization”.

Unit 5 丝绸之路（Silk Road) 是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia) 的交通路线，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称“丝绸之路”。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了“一带一路”（One Belt, One Road) (即“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”）的战略构想。“一带一路”以合作共赢为核心，强调相关国家的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。

The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”.As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”( namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).The strategy of “One Belt, One Road”focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.

Unit 6国民幸福指数（National Happiness Index , NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。随着中国经济的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群众的经济状况，满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。当前，中国政府提倡释放改革红利，让人民群众得到更多实惠。所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。

National Happiness Index（NHI）is an index that measures how happy people are .It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people’s livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been playing more and more attention to people’s living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its people’s livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs.Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people.All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.

Unit 7①中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery) 就是其中的一种。②刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两三千年的历史。

③从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为“女红”（women’s needlework)。④刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。⑤刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase) 等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品（ornament)。⑥中国有四大名绣：苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。⑦各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主体也各有不同。⑧在这其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。

China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women's needlework".Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Suxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has

enjoyed the highest reputation.

拓展教程

Unit 1①很多历史资料都显示，火药在唐朝之前就出现了。②火药的军事应用则是从唐朝开始的。③在战争中，装满火药的炸弹通过发射机（catapult）投向敌人。④到了宋朝和元朝，火药已经普遍用于军事当中，出现了一些“火炮”（fire cannon）、“火箭”（fire arrow）和燃烧弹（fire bomb）。⑤火药的制作方法在元朝时传入欧洲，然后，火药成为战场上的重要武器。

Many historical records indicate that gunpowder first appeared before the Tang Dynasty, but the military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty.Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were used in war. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the military applications of gunpowder became common and some weapons like “fire cannon”.“fire arrow”and “fire bomb”were introduced.In the Yuan Dynasty, the method of gunpowder-making was introduced to Europe, and then gunpowder became an effective weapon on the battlefield.

Unit 2孔子是春秋末期的思想家，政治家，教育家。《论语》是研究孔子的主要材料。孔子是儒学的创始人，他为儒学构建了一个基本框架。他的思想核心是“仁”，表现形式是“礼”。他的思想对中国传统文化和信仰影响极为深远。他的至理名言至今仍闪烁着哲理的光芒，比如“温故而知新，可以为师矣”。所以，他被认为是中国历史上最伟大的圣贤。

Confucius was a famous thinker, statesman and educator at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.The Analects of Confucius is the main source of knowledge about Confucius.As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius established a basic code of Confucian ethics(道德规范).The core of his thoughts is benevolence; its form of expression is etiquette.His thoughts had far-reaching influence on Chinese traditional culture and belief.

The philosophical sayings of Confucius are still shining brilliantly today, for instance, "He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher."So, he is considered the greatest sage in Chinese history(throughout Chinese history).

Unit 6① 20世纪末，唐装开始进入时装界。②跟旗袍一样，唐装也是中国民族服装的一个典型代表。③它之所以叫唐装不仅仅是因为其设计者从唐朝服装中获得了灵感，还因为唐朝是中国历史上的一个繁华盛世。④具有中国风的服装统统都叫唐装。⑤ 2001年第九届亚太经合组织会议召开期间，全体与会成员都穿上了唐装，体现出中国对全世界时装业的巨大影响。

As the end of the 20th century,the Tang Suit began entering the fashion industry. Like the cheongsam,the Tang Suit is another representative of Chinese national costumes.It delivered this name not only because its designers got inspirations from the suits of the Tang Dynasty,but also because the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period.Clothes that embody a Chinese flavor are therefore collectively referred to as Tang Suits.China’s impact on the global fashion industry was demonstrated during the Ninth Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit(APEC) in 2001,when all the menbersattending the summit wore Tang Suits.

Unit8①中国传统医学的起源可追溯到神农氏。②这位约五千年的神话人物，曾采集和辨别草药。③中医正史记载的约两千五百年前的《皇帝内经》（The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine),承载着中国古代人民同疾病作斗争的经验和知识，是经过长期的医疗实践逐步发展而成的医学理论体系。④中医认为病人的病情反映了大自然五行的相互作用：木﹑火﹑土﹑金﹑水。⑤中国人普遍认为中医更能有效预防疾病和治疗慢性疾病。

The origins of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be traced to Shen Nong, a mythological figure from about 5,000 years ago, who sampled and distinguished many kinds of herbs.As a system of medical theory evolved from long-term medical practice, The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine carries the experiences and knowledge of the ancient Chinese people fighting against diseases.TCM holds that a patient's condition refelects the interaction of five elements of nature: wood, fire, earth, metal and water.Chinese people generally perceive TCM as more effective for preventing disease and curing chronic illness.