高一英语课文21

高一课文：Unit 21 Karl Marx
Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English.
杨梅正在就英语问题和她的老师萨拉谈话。

SARA: How are you getting on with your English lessons?
萨拉：你的英语课学得怎么样了？

YANG MEI: Quite well, thank you. My grammar is improving, but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
杨梅：很好，谢谢你。我的语法在进步，但我发现习语和有用表达很难学。

SARA: In what way?
萨拉：在哪方面呢？

YANG MEI: Well, for example, you can "have a cold", but first you have to "catch a cold".
杨梅：哦，例如，你可能"患感冒"，但你首先得"伤风"。

SARA: That's right. "Catch a cold" is something you do; "have a cold" is something you have.
萨拉：对。"伤风"是你所做的事情；而"患感冒"则是你所经历的事情。

YANG MEI: That's difficult!
杨梅：那就难啦！

SARA: Not really. Often the little words have meanings of their own. Do you know the story of the woodcutter?
萨拉：不会吧？这些小词常常都有自己本身的意思。你知道那个伐木工人的故事吗？

YANG MEI: I don't think so.
杨梅：不知道。
SARA: A man was walking through a wood and he came across a woodcutter. "What are you doing?" he asked. The woodcutter replied: "I'm going to cut this tree down." the next day he walked through the wood again. The wooducutter was standing next to a fallen tree, with lots of small pieces of wood in front of him. "What are you doing?" he asked. "I'm cutting this tree up," answered the woodcutter.
萨拉：一个人正步行穿过一片树林，他遇见一个伐木工人。"你在做什么？"他问道。伐木工人回答说："我要把这棵树砍倒。" 第二天，他再次穿过树林。伐木工人正站在一棵倒下的树旁，他的前面有很多小片的木头。"你在做什么？"他问。"我在把这棵树砍断，"伐木工人回答道。

Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to English and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
卡尔·马克思出生于德国，德语是他的母语。当他还在青年时代，就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国。他在比利时住过几年；然后他去法国。不久，他不得不再次迁移。1849年，他去到英国，并把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。

Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so g

ood that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things -- the grammar and some of the idioms.
马克思上学时曾经学习过一些法语和英语。到了英国以后，他发现自己的英语极为有限。于是他开始努力学习，以提高英语水平。他进步很快，不久就开始用英语给美国一家报纸撰稿。事实上，其中一篇英语文章写得十分出色，恩格斯为此写信赞扬他。马克思回信说恩格斯的赞扬使他受到了很大的鼓励。不过，他接着说明他在语法和某些习惯用法这两方面，还是没有多大的把握。

These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.
这些信件写于1853年。在这之后的岁月里，马克思继续学习英语、使用英语。当他撰写他的一部巨著《法兰西内战》时，他已经熟练掌握英语，能用英语写这部书了。

In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.
在19世纪70年代，马克思已经五十几岁了，他觉得研究俄国形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。六个月之后，他就达到能够阅读俄语文章和报告的程度。

In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they used the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.
马克思在他的一本书里，对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。他说，当人们学习外语时，不应该把什么都译成母语。如果那样，就表明他们并没有掌握这种语言。他们使用外语时，应该尽量完全忘掉母语。如果做不到这一点，他们就没有真正地学到这一种外语的奥妙，也不能运用自如。

Karl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Germany. He went to high school and then continued his studies at a universtity. He received his doctor's degree in April 1841.
卡尔·马克思1818年5月5日在德国出生。他念完高中后，接着又上大学，继续他的学业。他在1841年4月获博士学位。

In 1842 Marx began writing articles for a newspaper. He wrote articles on many subjects. For example, he wrote about housing problems of the poor people and the hard life of the peas

ants. He started a new programme called "communism". This new kind of political idea was supported by the working people, but hated by many governments. He and his wife had to move from one country to another.
1842年，马克思开始为一家报纸撰稿。他写文章论及许多问题。例如，他写有关穷人的住房问题和农民的艰难困苦生活。他提出一项称之为"共产主义"的新纲领。这种新的政治主张得到劳动人民的支持，但是却遭到许多政府的憎恨。他和妻子不得不从一个国家迁移到另一个国家。

During the 1840s, Marx met Engels, another revolutionary writer, and they became close friends. Together they wrote The Communist Manifesto. It closed with words that quickly became famous: "Working people of all countries, unite!"
19世纪40年代，马克思遇见了另一个革命作家恩格斯，后来他们成了挚友。他们一起撰写《共产党宣言》。《共产党宣言》的结束语"全世界无产者，联合起来！"很快就变成名言。