最新职称英语 卫生类 B级 完形填空 考试押题 知识点复习考点归纳总结【必考】
*第八篇 Old And Active
It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A 1 report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in
the world．A healthy long life is the result of 2 in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work 3 exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be 4 from their lifestyles
for the rest of us. Should we 5 any changes to our eating habits, for instance,
or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret 6 in the Japanese diet that is particularly 7 to the human body?
Another factor 8 to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline
in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is 9 considered a social problem．The number of older people had 10 in the
last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could
soon be 11 an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked
12 and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．
13 the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.
Work can give the elderly a 14 of responsibility and mission in life.
It’s important that the elderly play active 15 in the society and live
in harmony with all generations.
词汇:
expectancy / ik'spekt?nsi,-t?ns/ 期望, 预期
life expectancy 预期寿命, 平均寿命
health expectancy 预期健康寿命
elderly /'eld?li / n. 年长者, 老年人 adj. 上了年纪的, 稍老的
population aging人口老龄化
decline / di'klain / n.下降, 衰落 vi. 下降, 衰退
pension / 'pen??n / n. 退休金, 养老金, 津贴
retirement / ri'tai?m?nt / n. 退休, 退役
responsibility / ri.sp?ns?'biliti / n. 责任, 职责, 义务
注释:
1. A healthy long life is the result of . . .健康长寿是……的结果。
2. . .. could be one solution to the problem. ……是解决问题的可能方法之一。
练习：
1．A late B recent C contemporary D new
2．A increase B progress C growth D improvement
3．A for B out C in D off
4．A learnt B gathered C understood D gained
5．A do B make C set D give 6．A ingredient B component C portion D helping
7．A helpful B supportive C advantageous D beneficial 8．A contributing B helping C resulting D causing
9．A therefore B actually C even D however
10．A reduced B added C doubled D multiplied 11．A facing B meeting C adopting D encountering 12．A for B after C over D 0ut
13．A Putting B Moving C Rising D Raising
14．A sense B sentiment C feeling D characteristic 15．A roles B posts C positions D parts
答案与题解:
1. B 根据上下文, 可以判断出此处应该是"近期的"或"最新的" , late 通常不用来表示最近, latest 倒是可以表示"最新的" , contemporary 表示"当代的", 此处不符合。而new 是"新的", 放在此处也不合适, 所以只有 recent 最合适。
2. D 根据上下文, 此处所填的一个名词是作为 social environment 的一个补充, 用来表示社会环境的某种变化, increase 是"上升, 增加"的意思, progress 表示"进步" , growth 则是"生长, 增长" , improvement"改进, 改善"。显然, 社会环境本身不会增长或进步, 所以最合适的说法是 the improvement in social environment.
3. B 这里考察的是 work 与介词搭配的用法, 根据上下文意思, 可以判断此处是要表达"找出答案, 解决问题"的意思。而 work for 是为……工作, work in 表示在……工作, work off 则是"排除, 清理"的意思, 因此正确的答案应该是 work out.
4. A 首先, 从搭配的层次来看, understand 和 gain 通常都不与 from 搭配, 所以只剩下 learnt与 gathered , gather from 是"从……收集, 搜集……", 而在这里, 结合上下文的意思, 应该是从日本人的生活习惯中学到什么, 所以 learn from 最合适。
5. B 这里要表达的是做出改变, make change 是固定搭配, 所以应该选择 B。
6. A 根据句子结构来看, 这里缺少的是一个名词, 所以首先排除 D。再看 A 、B 、C 三个选项, 这三个词都可以表示"部分, 要素, 成分"的意思, 但是 ingredient 通常用来表示原料, 成分, component 通常表示文章, 学术观点或者电子产品中的部分或组件, 而portion 更多的是表示数量上的一部分, 此处是饮食, 食物中的原料, 成分, 因此最佳答案应该是 ingredient。
7. D 根据上下文可以判断, 此处需要的是"有利的, 有益的"。从词义来看, 除supportive 外, 其余三个选项都可, 但是 helpful 相对要弱一些, beneficial 侧重对健康、身心或事业有益。advantageous 多指能直接导致相对优势或有助于达到目的的事。结合此处的语境, 应选择beneficial , 对人体有益。
8. A 此处是一个动名词与 to 搭配的结构, 用来表达"引起, 导致, 促成"这样的意思, 从语义与搭配两个层面来考虑, 首先排除 help. Cause 如果与 to 搭配, 通常是cause sb. to do sth. 或者 sth. cause damage to sth , result to 则通常表示"反应"的意思, result in 才表示"导致, 引起", 所以最佳选择是 contribute to , "促成, 为……
出力"。
9. B 这里前半句由 although 引导的条件状语从句, 已经体现了转折关系, 因此排除therefore与 however, 而根据前后的语义与语境, 并无递进或进一步加深的关系, 因此也不用 even , 所以最佳答案为 actually , 虽然长寿是一件值得庆祝的事情, 但是他实际上也是一个社会问题。
10. C 根据上下文可以判断, 这里的老年人口肯定是增长的。所以首先排除 reduce , add 通常做及物用法, 此处也不合适, 而 multiply 有相乘, 繁殖的意思, 放在此处也不合适, 结合日本的实际, 此处最佳答案应该为 double , 老年人口数目翻倍。
11. A 即将面临经济危机, face a problem 为固定搭配, 通常表达面对、面临什么问题。
12. B 这里考察的是 look 和一些介词搭配的意义。根据上下文意思, 此处应该是"照顾, 照料", 所以是 look after 0 Look for 是"寻找" , look over" 检查, 从……上边看" , look out"小心, 注意"。
13. D 这里表达的是退休年龄从 65 岁到 70 岁这样的一个调整, 所以应该是上调, 只有 rise 与raise 能表达上升的意思, 而 rise 通常做不及物用法, 所以用 raise , 表示人为地上调。
14. A 此处是指工作可以带给老人的一些体验, characteristic 首先可以排除掉, sentiment 和feeling 都能表示情感和情绪, sense 表示感觉, 且sense 通常和responsibility 这类的词搭配, 比如 sense of humor, 幽默感, 这里需要的是责任感与使命感, 所以 sense 更好。
15. A 老年人在社会中扮演的角色, 通常我们都用 play roles in 这一固定搭配。
+第十四篇 A Health Profile
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