High Speed Rail in Japan_ Kobayashi

High Speed Rail in Japan (Shinkansen)
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Nationwide HSR network
1

Shinkansen network in service
JR East (980 km) JR Central (515 km) JR West (554km) ( ) JR Kyushu (127 km) Akita Shinjo Niigata Nagano g Hachinohe Morioka Seikan Tunnel
Total 2176 km
France(TGV)=1850 km Germany(ICE)=925 km
Sendai
Fukushima 1982
Hakata
Hiroshima
Nagoya
Yasshiro 2004 Kagoshima 1972 1965
Tokyo
Osaka
Total length of railway in Japan; 27,600 km
Undersea Tunnel for Shinkansen
Total length 54 km (m) 400 200 0 -200 -400 0 10 20
13.6 km 23.3 km 17.0 km
Main land
Hokkaido
1.2%
140 m 100 m Pilot tunnel
1.2% Emergency Station
30
40
50 (km)
1988 completion
2

Access time to Shinkansen station
Sendai
Hakata
Tokyo
Nagoya Osaka Area within 1 hour Area within 2 hours
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Competition with others
(Is Shinkansen competitive ?)
3

Share of transportation
Share and journey length in Japan
100 % 80
500 1,000 km
Vehicle
300km Railway has more than 50 % share
Air
1100km
60 50 % 40 HSR has more than 50 % share
20
Shinkansen
Other rail
200
Korat
0
Bangkok
400
600
Nong Khai
800
Chiang Mai
1000
Hat Yai
1200
Distance (km)
Competition with Airlines
Before and After Shinkansen service started
Tokyo ~ Akita
(Partial HSR. 663km)
Tokyo ~ Aomori
(Indirect. 675km)
Aomori Akita
1996
52% 48%
2004
45% 55%
2002 43%
2003 46% 54%
57%
Yamagat a
Niigata 301km
Tokyo ~ Yamagata
100 %
(Direct. 360km)
Nagano 226km
Tokyo
1991 24% 76%
2003 1% 99%
Shinkansen Airlines
4

Travel time and passengers
Rail is dominant over air for shorter than 3 hours travel.
76% 60% 65%
London 1hr 54min Brussels Osaka 2 hr 25 min 2hr 15min
70% 100%
Tokyo
1hr 22min Paris
Tokyo ~ Osaka
Shinkansen; 395,000 / 301 trains Air ; 22,300 / 43 flight
Capacity of Shinkansen
The seating capacity of a train and a jumbo jet E 4 (Double) deck)
1,634 person/train Series 700 1,323
Boeing 747- 400
569
0
500
1,000
1,500
5

Shinkansen Traction Substation
Transportation of HSR
Passengers of HSR in the world
300 (Million / year) 283 413
The num mber of HSR passengers
250
200
150
100 71 50 31 11
0
5 Spain
5
7 World
Germany France
Italy
Sweden Belgium Japan
As of 2000 from UIC Annual report.
6

Capacity of double-deck Shinkansen
HSR with the largest capacity in the world, Series E4 (JR East) (JR-East).
817 person/car x 16 cars/train
= 1,634 passengers / train Equal to
X 409 Taxies
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Operation
7

Shinkansen, the first High Speed Rail in the world
In 1964, opening , p g ceremony of Tokaido Shinkansen between Tokyo and Osaka.
Maximum speed was firstly 200 km/h and 210 km/h next year that had been the world highest speed until 1981.
Change in train diagrams
2 trains / hour Tokaido Shinkansen Headway at peak time 15 trains / hour 4 minutes interval
1964
60
trains / day y
2007
301
trains / day
8

The number of train in service
The number of tra ains/day
838 800
Tohoku /joetsu /Hokuriku
841
600
400 275 200 60 0 1964 1982
Kyusyu Tokaido /Sanyo
2004
2007
Tokyo
Punctuality, just on time
Average delayed time of Tokaido Shinkansen
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Just 10 seconds
2004 2006
9

The maximum speed
550 500
STAR21 300X
450 400 (km/h) 350 300 250 200 150 100 1980 2000 1985 Tohoku?Joetsu 240 210 220 325 230
425
Win350
443
350
Series 300
300 km/h
275 270
Tokaido-Sanyo
1990
1995 (Year)
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Rolling stock
10

EMU and Locomotive
Two types of the rolling stock for HSR
Locomotive EMU (Electric Multiple Unit)
Motor
Coach
Locomotive EMU
Shinkansen (Japan)
Coach
Motor
TGV (France) ICE (Germany) 1990's Thalys (EU) AVE (Spain) ETR (Italy)
TGV-R, D (France) Shinkansen (Japan) 2000's ICE-1,2 (Germany) AGV (France) KTX (Korea) ICE-3 (Germany)
In the near future, EMU will be standard in the world.
JR - Central
Series 0 (1964)
Series 100 (1985)
Series 300 (1990)
Series 500 (1997)
Series 700 (1999)
Series N700 (2007)
11

JR - East
Series 400 (1992)
Series E1 (1994)
Series E3 (1997)
Series E4 (1997)
The Interior
Standard class
Superior class
12

Brand new Shinkansen E-954 (JR-East)
Operation speed will be p p
360 km/h in 2011
(Vmax = 389km/h at the test run in 2005)
Light Shinkansen
Weight of a train with 16 cars
(ton)
1000 800 600 400 200
970
Total weight 925
27%
711 708
Traction Equipment
0 138
Series
94
Series
0
100
74 Series 300
62 Series 700
16
15
Axle load (t)
11.4
11.3
13

How to make it lighter
High power by lighter motor
DC Motor (1964) ( ) AC Motor (2007) ( )
185 kW / 875 kg
305 kW / 396 kg
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Special HSR
(Variable gauge car, Inspection car)
14

HSR with variable gauge system
Equipment for varying gauge
Standard gauge ( , (1,435 mm) )
Braking section
Converting section
Narrow gauge (1,067 mm)
15

Brand new Inspection car for Shinkansen
“East i ”, which covers track structure, power supply, signaling, communication etc.
Shinkansen Traction Substation
Cost, Fund-raising and Management
16

Construction cost of HSR
Recent unit cost of HSR
50 (Million US $)
Construction cost per km r
42
40 30
38
38
40 30 19
20 10
6 Taiwan 345 km (2005) Korea 412 km (2010) China 412 km (2003) Italy 183 km (2004) France Germany 190 km 215 km (2011) (2002)
Japan Length 127 km (Year) (2004)
0
Note; These figures are rough estimate because construction cost largely depends on many conditions, such as major civil structure (tunnel or bank), station, local labor cost, land price etc.
Relation between Owner and User
Separation of construction and operation
JR company (Operator)
Lease
fees
JRTT (Builder & Owner)
Fund raising (example)
(Budget of construction in 2007; 2.2 billion US$)
JRTT: Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Central government (1.46) 1
Local government (0.74) 2
17

Fund raising for infrastructure
TGV in France
Line South-East Atlantic Mediterranean East Eupope South Europe Atlantic Route Opening length Year (km) 1983 1990 2001 2007 (Plan) 2016 421 284 248 301 Cost 9.8 9 8 billion FF 10 billion FF 2.5 billion FF Fund raising Official (SNCF) Official (SNCF + Government) Official (RFF) Official (Government + Local Gov + EU + Luxemburg) PPP 7.2 billion ( 1.2 by RFF + 6.0 by Euro consortium)
308
PPP scheme has been adopted in France for the first time for South Europe Atlantic Line that is under construction.
Note;
SNCF; France national railway RFF; France railway infrastructure management public agency
HSR as a business
Labor force and income in HSR (JR-East in 2002) (JR2002)
Labor force
Income
2,600 Persons
150 1 0billion Baht
57 million Baht/person/Year
18

Shinkansen Traction Substation
Technology for environment
Energy Consumption
E n erg y co m su m p tio n o
(k c a l/p erso n/ k m 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
247 580 394 295 100 123 1290
200 0
Private Taxi Public Railway Shin- Ferry Plane kansen car bus
19

Energy Consumption
Railway carries 27 by 6
% of all passengers
% energy consumption in Japan.
Railway
Bus
Energy Consumption
6% 2%
Vehicle; 74 %
Others;18%
Traffic volume (person-km)
27 % 5% 52 %
16 %
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Energy saving
Example; “Bangkok~Chiang Mai ( (751km)” needs 12,500 kwh. ) , 12,500 KWH
Energy Consumption =15.3 KWH /
person
(In case of E2 Model with 10 cars for 814 passengers】
1 / 14
1/5
Bus for 30 passengers
Vehicle
20

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