Unit 2-致用英语综合教程
Unit 2
1.____________( ) n. a piece of furniture, jewellery etc. that was made a very long time ago and is therefore valuable
2. ____________( )n. an object or pattern made by cutting a shape in wood or stone for decoration
3. ____________( )v. to suddenly sit down, expecially because you want to relax
4. ____________( )adj. not developed to a high standard, or made with little skill
5. ____________( )n. someone who buys and sells a particular product, especially an expensive one
6. ____________( )v. to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them
7. ____________( )v. to make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving your eyebrows together
8. ____________( )v. to breathe in suddenly, especially because you are surprised
9. ____________( )adj. something genuine really is what it seems to be
10. ___________( )adj. giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else
11. ___________( )v. to put a large quantity of something into a vehicle
12. ___________( )n. a Christian priest or minister
13. ___________( )adj. producing profit
14. ___________( )n. the act of producing a copy of something
15. ___________( )n. clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal
16. ___________( )adj. looking dishonest and slightly nervous
17. ___________( )v. to say something quickly in an angry way
18. ___________( )v. to talk unsteadily
19. ___________( )v. to make your hand gently over something
20. ___________( )adj. short and thick in an unattractive way
21. ___________( )adv. in a way that shows you do not trust something or someone
Unit 2
1.____________( ) n. a piece of furniture, jewellery etc. that was made a very long time ago and is therefore valuable
2. ____________( )n. an object or pattern made by cutting a shape in wood or stone for decoration
3. ____________( )v. to suddenly sit down, expecially because you want to relax
4. ____________( )adj. not developed to a high standard, or made with little skill
5. ____________( )n. someone who buys and sells a particular product, especially an expensive one
6. ____________( )v. to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them
7. ____________( )v. to make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving your eyebrows together
8. ____________( )v. to breathe in suddenly, especially because you are surprised
9. ____________( )adj. something genuine really is what it seems to be
10. ___________( )adj. giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else
11. ___________( )v. to put a large quantity of something into a vehicle
12. ___________( )n. a Christian priest or minister
13. ___________( )adj. producing profit
14. ___________( )n. the act of producing a copy of something
15. ___________( )n. clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal
16. ___________( )adj. looking dishonest and slightly nervous
17. ___________( )v. to say something quickly in an angry way
18. ___________( )v. to talk unsteadily
19. ___________( )v. to make your hand gently over something
20. ___________( )adj. short and thick in an unattractive way
21. ___________( )adv. in a way that shows you do not trust something or someone
致用英语综合教程综合英语2 教案综合英语2 单元设计 unit 7
Section One Around the topic Step 1 Topic introduction: As the goal of equality between men and women now grows closer, we are losing our awareness of important gender differences. This unit aims to let students know what truly exists within a man and within a woman. Step 2 Your ideas 1. Watch the video and answer the following questions 1)How many differences does it describe between men and women? What are they? 2) Do you think it’s a stereotype? Play the video twice and encourage students to think about the questions and answer. 2. A quiz How much do you know about the differences between men and women? Answer the following questions by ticking (√) the correct column. This activity aims to lead students into the topic of this unit. By answering the questions, students will get to know some differences between men and women. Check the answers as a class and if there is different ideas from any students, encourage them to express their ideas and try to have a discussion among the class. Step 3 vocabulary In this section, students will learn some useful words and expressions related to people’s personality. Let students do the personality quiz and then ask them to describe themselves based on their answers A.Do the personality quiz below to discover what type of person you are. Write Y for yes, N for no and S for sometimes Let students finish the quiz as quickly as possible and get the idea what kind of person they are based on their own results and ask several of them to express their ideas and to judge whether the result apply to their real personalities. B.The questions in exercise A express personalities, which can be described by the adjectives below. Match the adjectives with the questions in the quiz. a.untidy 9 b.optimistic 7 c.sociable 2 d.talkative 15 e.reserved 13 f.shy 3 g.impatient 10 h.ambitious 4 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f12408092.html,zy 11 j.generous 14 k.moody 5 l.hard-working 12 m.easy-going 16 n.reliable 8 o.cheerful 1 p.sensitive 6
新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U2R2
How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文与翻译
Unit1 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
致用英语听力1unit11
Unit11 Weather TEACHING TIME: APRIL 20, 2015, 2 PERIODS TEACHING MATERIAL: 致用英语听力教程 TEACHING CLASSES: 14商英辅修班 TEACHING OBJECTIVES: 1 Familiarise yourself with the language related to weather; 2 Practise listening skills for weather forecast; 3 Learn to recognize elision while listening. IMPORTANT AND DIFFICULT POINTS: 1 Try to be familiar with the words about describing the weather conditions; 2 Practise listening skills for weather forecast. TEACHING PROCEDURE: Step 1 Greetings Good afternoon/evening, boys and girls! Step 2 Lead-in The words used to describe the weather conditions. Weather forecast What is elision? Step 3 Presentations and Practice Part A Listening Skills 1 V ocabulary 2 Listen and fill in the blanks.
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
高职高专致用英语 听力教程2答案-Listening Skills
高职高专致用英语听力教程2答案-Listening Skills A. Listening Skills Task 1 vegetables onions broccoli peppers corn carrots lettuces tomatoes Task 2 1. boutique 2. cobber’s / shoes shop 3. jeweler’s 4. electrical store 5. toy shop 6. record shop 7. book shop 8. n ewsagent’s 9. optician’s 10. florist’s 11. super market Task 3 A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3 B. Listening Practice Pre-Listening party dress blue or black Core Listening Task 1 Dialogue 1 hat size measure try
coat 9.95 Dialogue 2 moment left notebook impressive on sale Task 2 Dialogue 1 W: Does it fit for you? M: Do you have it in any other color? Dialogue 2 W: Any particular color? W: How about this one? M: but don’t particularly care for the color. M: Will a white one do? Task 3 T F T F
致用英语综合教程unit 2
Unit 2 Knowing our body Teaching objectives After learning this unit, Ss will learn how to ?Describe the body parts ?Talk about the functions of the body parts ?Use comparatives and superlatives ?Use the body language Teaching focus Grammar: comparatives and superlatives V ocabulary building: Name of body parts; base adjectives and strong adjectives Important words and phrases: attempt, wonder, sight, blind, stump,quest,couple, smart, hurt, shock, confusion, lesson, reply, selfish, sympathetic Teaching difficulties 1. Understanding the structure and main idea of the text. 2. Grammar: comparatives and superlatives Teaching Procedures I. Warming-up questions: What knowledge of human body do you get from the documentary film? Which parts of human body does the documentary mention? (You can skim through new words before listening.) II. Listening and speaking (1 period) a.This is a lead-in to the listening part. Before playing the recording, ask students to read the questions. Then play the recording and encounrage students to take notes while listening. https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f12408092.html,anize a speaking activity based on the listening material. First ask Ss to form groups and have a discusssion about which is the mose imortant bosy part. Then ask Ss to role-paly the dialogue in the listening part. Remind them they may use their own language. III. Reading 4 periods 1.Pre-reading tasks :Before you read, discuss the following questions in groups: a. Has any part of your body ever been injured? If yes, what inconveniences did it cause? Work in groups and share your experiences. b. Have you ever read or heard stories about body parts? 2.Reading comprehension a.Ask Ss to read the text first and then answer the questions in Comprehension Check. b.In this sextion,you may organize a class discussion based on the article students have just studied. This discussion activity is necessary for language learners. They should be able to and present their own experiences after they have received the input information. 3.Detailed learning of the text ◆Language points ※attempt n. an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult
新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文翻译(含textB)
新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文翻译 UNIT 1 “我原谅你” 1、并非只有婚姻关系才需要宽恕。我们与子女、朋友、同事、邻居，甚至陌生人相处时同样需要宽恕。事实上，没有宽恕的氧气，任何人际关系都无从维系。宽恕并不是脾气好的人们才拥有的特质；它是所有关系的必要条件，也是自己的身心健康不可缺少的。 2、有些人可能认为，自己受伤太深、次数太多，无法宽恕。可耐人寻味的是，恰恰是被伤得最深的人，才真正需要宽恕别人，原因很简单：仇恨就像癌症，会毁掉宿主。如果不尽快铲除，它就会生根发芽，使那些执意仇恨无法释怀的人受伤甚至死亡。 3、因为事实是，除非我们能宽恕他人，否则就永远无法恢复。伤口会继续溃烂，永不愈合。中国有句古谚，“复仇者必自绝”。 4、对有些人来说，宽恕他人似乎是不可能的，因为他们根本不知从何做起。首先你要接受一个非常重要的事实：宽恕他人并不是件容易的事。事实上，对于我们大多数人来说，这也许是最难做到的。 5、被伤害的是我们，却还要宽恕他人，这似乎毫无公平可言，然而这正是宽恕的关键所在。 6、“宽恕并忘记”，这句俗话谁都会脱口而出，但实际上既简单又肤浅。一则这是绝对不可能的，二则它完全偏离了宽恕的真正含义。生活中最需要宽恕的事正是那些无法忘记的事。我们不应把这些事掩饰起来，而需记住它们，并有意不因此对做过这些事的人怀有成见，然后继续生活。 7、这就是为什么有的时候会感到：宽恕别人，一开始会相对容易些，难的是每次你看到那个人，与他谈话，甚至只是想起他之后如何控制自己的感情。真正的宽恕不是一劳永逸之举，而是持久的情感面对。 8、等待越久，宽恕就越难。实际上，时间不会愈合伤口，只会让愤懑和仇恨更长时间地吞噬你的内心。如果要等待“适当的时候”，你也许永远都找不到机会。 9、开始运用宽恕的艺术之前，你先要问自己这样一个问题：我们中有多少人在特定的场合下是完全无辜的呢？ 10、几年前，我和妻子买了一件便宜家具。最初几个月，它蒙蔽了所有人——美观、实用、人见人爱。我们认为它太适合我们家了。可时间一长，表面薄层的边角部分开始慢慢脱落。再也没有当初的效果了，不过至少它现在是以真实面目示人！事实是，不管喜欢不喜欢，在漂亮的表层下，我们都只是刨花板。因此，在我们评判别人之前，明智的做法是先在镜子里认真审视自己。我们越是审视自己，正视自己的缺点，便越愿意也越能够宽恕他人的缺点，宽恕得越多，也就越能体会到真正的满足。
致用英语听力1unit12
Unit12 Sports TEACHING TIME: MAY 25, 2015, 2 PERIODS TEACHING MATERIAL: 致用英语听力教程 TEACHING CLASSES: 14商英辅修班 TEACHING OBJECTIVES: 1 Familiarise yourself with the language related to sports; 2 Train the ability to catch the exact numbers or figures while listening. IMPORTANT AND DIFFICULT POINTS: 1 Try to be familiar with the words about sports; 2 Practise the ability to catch the exact numbers or figures while listening. TEACHING PROCEDURE: Step 1 Greetings Good afternoon/evening, boys and girls! Step 2 Lead-in The words used to describe sports. What is your favourite sports? Step 3 Presentations and Practice Part A Listening Skills 1 V ocabulary 2 Numerals Chart 1
Chart 2 ⅠPre-listening 1 Listen to a piece of news and answer the following questions. 2 Guide the students to pay more attention to numerals. ⅡCore Listening 1 V ocabulary 2 Let students read the given information first. 3 Let students to listen to the dialogues and choose the best answer to each question. 4 Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions. Q1 How many tickest are left now? Q2 What do people do first after getting up? Q3 How does the man run each day? Q4 How many people will come to watch the World Cup Final? 5 You will hear two short passages. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question. 6 Check their answers.
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
英语听力教程Unit 4 听力原文
Part I B Tom: What kind of school did you go to, Ann Ann: Well, I went to a public primary school and then to a private high school. Tom: So which do you think is better Ann: Actually, I prefer private schools because of the smaller classes and ... usually you have a wider choice of subjects. Tom: Yeah, I suppose that’s true. Ann: And then there are usually better sports facilities. For example, the school I went to had a swimming pool and a huge gym. Tom: Yeah ... well, the public high school I went to had great sports facilities. Besides, private schools are really expensive. Ann: Yeah, but I think they’re worth it. Tom: I don’t know. I think you have to judge every school individually, whether it’s public or private. Ann: That may be true ... but children generally get a better, more ... well-rounded education in a private school. Tom: Maybe, but I’m not totally convinced. By the way, Ann, were you on the debating team in high school, by any chance Ann: I sure was! I was the captain! C Steve’s first morning Steve was rather nervous about his first day of the polytechnic. He didn’t know any other students and he didn’t know his way around the building. At 9 o’clock, he was at the main entrance with a crowd of hundreds of other students. All of them seem to know what to do except Steve. Then he found a notice. There was a meeting for all the first-year students. He found them all waiting in the large hall. First, the director of the Polytechnic welcomed them. Then the head of students’services, and finally the head of physical education. Head of physical education: I’m here to tell you about the sport you can do at the Poly. Here in Edington, we have a fitness room where you can do exercises to keep fit, and weekly you can do all sorts of sports, such as tennis, football, hockey and badminton. But there are also many other activities. You can go sailing. You can go down-caves. You can go climbing and many more. We hope all of you will take part in at least one of these. If you want to join, come on weekly on Wednesday afternoon. Any questions A student: What about swimming Head of physical education: We don’t have our own pool. But you can swim in the public pools in Hanksy or Muston Ferry. After the meeting was over, Steve looked at this timetable. His first class was business studies, and was in room 316. But where was Room 316 Steve: Excuse me. Do you know where Room 316 is Male student 1: Oh, I haven’t a clue, mate. Steve: Do you know where Room 316 is
(完整word版)新标准英语综合教程2课文翻译
How Empathy Unfolds The moment Hope, just ninemonths old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up inher own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had beenhurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bearfor his crying friend Paul; whenPaul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。 Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results ofthe study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy.Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。 By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a one-year-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. 到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。 This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American