新课标高中英语必修三教材知识点详解U4

新课标高中英语必修三教材知识点详解U4
新课标高中英语必修三教材知识点详解U4

[教材优化全析]

中国的长城是建筑史上最长的人造建筑物。

structure [C](大的)建筑物,建造物。例如:

The builders had put up a tall structure between the shops.

建筑工人已经在商店之间建起一座高层建筑。

The Parthenon is a magnificent structure.

帕台农神庙是一座宏伟的建筑物。

The model is an odd-looking structure of balls and rods.

这个模型是由球和杆组成的结构,样子很神奇。

2.Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.

长城大部分城墙的建造时间要追溯到明朝。

dynasty[C]王朝;朝代。例如:

during the Ming Dynasty 在明朝时期

the fall of the Sui Dynasty and the rise of the Tang Dynasty

隋朝的覆灭和唐朝的兴起

3.At the time it was built,Chek Lap Kok(Chi Lajiao)Airport in Hong Kong was the biggest civil engineering project of all time.

香港赤腊角机场在建造时,是有史以来最大的建筑工程项目。

engineering[U]工程,工程学;设计。例如:

He is studying engineering at college.

我正在大学学习工程学。

the engineering of the new railway

新铁路的设计

engineering college 工学院

engineering instructions 技术说明书

engineering report 技术报告

4.The terminal building is the largest covered space in the world.

机场客运大楼是世界上最大的有盖建筑物。

terminal adj.晚期的;末期的。[C](火车、公共汽车等的)总站;航空终点站。例如:

terminal stages of cancer 癌症晚期

a terminal examination 期末考试

Please get off at the terminal station.

请在终点站下车。

5.The airport is within five hours’flying time of half the world’s population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.

全球半数人口居住地均在距离香港5小时航程以内,按设计机场乘客处理量每年8000多万人次。

accommodate vt.容纳;提供住宿。例如:

One flat can accommodate a family of five.

一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。

He will accommodate me with the use of his house,while he is abroad.

他在国外期间将把他的住宅供我使用。思维拓展

structure[U]构造;组织;结构。例如:

the structure of the brain

脑的构造

the firm’s management structure 公司的管理结构

the structure of the detective stories 侦探小说的结构

全析提示

表示“朝代”的词之前一般要加上冠词。

思维拓展

civil engineering

土木工程

electrical engineering

电气工程,电机工程

field engineering

外部工程;安装工程

gene engineering

基因工程

genetic engineering

遗传工程

思维拓展

term[C]期限;学期;术语terminally adv.每期,定期;在学期末尾;最后

terminate v.使终止;使……结束

全析提示

within five hours’flying time of half the world’s population

离全球半数人口居住地不到5个小时的航程距离

within 2 hours’ walk of the school 距学校不到两个小时的步行距

6. The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydro-electric dam in the world,more than 1.5 kilometres wide across the Y angtze River,the world’s third longest river.

三峡大坝是世界上的最大的水力发电大坝,它宽度达1.5公里,横跨世界上第三大河——长江。

hydro-electric adj.水力发电的。例如:

a hydro-electric power plant 水力发电厂

7. Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometres long.

其水库有500多公里长。

reservoir [C]水库,蓄水池;储藏,汇集。例如:

This reservoir gives water to the whole city.

这个水库供全城用水。

The show is a veritable reservoir of new talent.

这次演出真是新秀荟萃。离

思维拓展

hydro(前缀)表“水的、氢的”之意。例如:

hydrofoil[C]水翼船hydrocarbon[C]碳氢化合物hydrogen[U]氢

思维拓展

artificial reservoir

人工水库

detention reservoir

拦洪水库

distributing reservoir

配水池

Reading and V ocabulary

1.Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”.

毛泽东写过一首诗,诗中有这样的梦想“截断巫山云雨,高峡出平湖”。

dream v.做梦,梦见;梦想,想象。例如:

I didn’t dream last night.

我昨晚没有做梦。

I dreamt about my teacher last night.

昨天夜里我梦见我的老师了。

I dreamed that I was flying in the sky.

我梦见我在空中飞翔。

I dream of being the best footballer in the town.

我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。

I dreamed a happy dream last night.

我昨晚做了一个快乐的梦。

narrow adj.狭窄的;狭小的;心胸狭窄的。例如:

The sidewalk was so narrow that we had to walk in single file.

人行道太狭窄,我们只好成一列纵队走。

It’s a narrow path.

那是一条小径。

hold back 阻止;抑制。例如:

The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the flood waters.

村民们筑起土坝,防止洪水泛滥。

No one can hold back the wheel of history.

谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。

The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer.

老板再也抑制不住怒火了。思维拓展

dream[C]梦;梦想。例如:

I had a strange dream yesterday.

我昨天做了一个怪梦。

Sweet dreams! 晚安!

She realized her dream of becoming an actress.

她实现了当女演员的梦想。

It has long been his dream to sail across the Pacific.

横渡太平洋是他多年的梦想。

全析提示

narrow用于幅度的狭窄、细小,指房屋、土地等的面积狭小用small。例如:

a mall room 狭窄的房子

a narrow road狭窄的道路

思维拓展

Hold it!(电话)别挂断!

hold on 继续;不要挂断(电话)hold on to 抓住……

hold out 伸出(手)

hold up 拿起;举起

2.Now his dream has come true.

他的梦想现在实现了。

come true(预言、梦想等)成为事实,实现。例如:

His dream of being a doctor has come true.

他当医生的愿望实现了。

3.The power of the Y angtze River,which is the world’s third longest river,has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.

长江是世界第三大河流,其水力已被三峡大坝所拦截利用。

power[U]动力,电力;能力;权力。例如:

electric power电力

water power 水力

atomic power 原子动力

Carrying this baggage requires a lot of power.

搬运这个行李需要很大的力气。

This parrot has the power to imitate human words.

这只鹦鹉有模仿人类语言的能力。

Power should be used wisely.

应明智运用权力。

harness vt.利用(风、水等自然力)为动力。例如:

They are trying to harness the river to make electricity.

他们在努力利用河流发电。

People have taken various measures to harness the sun as a source of energy.

人们已经采取了各种各样的措施利用太阳作为能源。

4.The Three Gorges Dam,which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Canal,has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.

三峡大坝是自大运河开凿以来中国最大的建设工程,它的建造是为了控制洪水和向华中地区提供电力。

construction[U]建造,建设,构筑;[C]建筑物;建造物。例如:The construction of the dam took several years.

建筑这座水坝花了许多年。

The bridge is under construction.

这座桥正在建造中。

The new gallery is an unusual construction.

那新美术馆是一个很特别的建筑物。

5.It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.

三峡大坝是世界上最大的大坝和水力发电站,其建造费用超过了历史上任何一个建筑工程的费用。

hydro-electric power station 水力发电站

in history 历史上全析提示

come true中的come为连系动词,意思是“变成”。又如:come loose 变松散

come right 变对,变好

come cheap 变便宜

全析提示

本句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句。

思维拓展

beyond one’s power

(某人)力所不及的

come into power

掌握政权,掌权

in a person’s power

在(人)的支配下的

in power 握有政权的

思维拓展

harness n.马具;(降落伞等的)背带。例如:

double harness(可套两匹牲口的)双挽具

in harness(马)带着马具

work in double harness 同心协力全析提示

which引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The Three Gorges Dam。

思维拓展

constructional adj.建设性的;建筑的

constructive adj.建设性的constructively adv.建设性地constructor[C]建设者

全析提示

注意本句中,第二个and连接两个谓语部分,前半部分为系表结构,后半部分为主谓结构。

6.Sun Y at-sen,who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution,first suggested the idea of a dam across the Y angtze River in 1919.

1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山,于1919年首先提出了建造横跨长江大坝的设想。

suggest vt.暗示,委婉地说;建议,提议(用虚拟语气)。例如:

That girl’s sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.

那个姑娘被晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。

Her expression suggested that she did well in the exam.

她的表情表明她考得不错。

He suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.

他建议推迟会议时间。

He suggested going out for a walk.

他建议出去走走。

7. In 1993,China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity.

1993年,中国耗用了12亿吨煤来供热和发电。

generate vt.使产生(电气、热等);使发生。例如:

Friction generates heat.

摩擦生热。

When coal burns,it generates heat.

煤燃烧时,产生热量。

8. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.

大坝发出的电量等于燃烧大约四千万吨煤所发出的电量,而且也不会造成那么大的空气污染。

equal to 等于,相同的;胜任的。例如:

One li is equal to half a kilometre.

一华里等于半公里。

It is equal to me whether he comes or not.

他来不来对我都一样。

John is quite equal to the job of running the office.

约翰很能胜任处理这个办事处的工作。

He is equal to this task./He is equal to doing this task.

他能胜任这项任务。

9. The reservoir has flooded 2 cities,11 counties,140 towns and more than 4 000 villages.

三峡库区淹没了两座市级城市、11个县城、140个乡镇、4000多个村子。

flood v.淹没,浸水;(河流)泛滥。例如:

Every spring the river floods the fields.

每年春天河水都会泛滥,淹没农田。

The river flooded the valley.

河水淹没了河谷。

Our cellar floods after heavy rain. 全析提示

1911年发生的辛亥革命,推翻了清王朝的统治,结束了两千多年的封建帝制,建立了中华民国。全析提示

suggestion(建议)的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气,即用动词原形或should 加动词原形。例如:

My suggestion was that we(should)go to the ci nema together.

我建议我们一起去看电影。

思维拓展

generation[U]产生,发生generative adj.具有生产力的,衍生的

generator[C]发电机

思维拓展

equal vt.等于;比得上,与……匹敌。例如:

Two and two equals four.

2加2等于4。

None of us can equal her as a dancer.

我们的舞艺没有一个能比得上她。

He equals me in qualifications but not in experience.

他和我具有同等的资格,但在经验方面比不上我。

思维拓展

flood[C]洪水;水灾;泛滥。例如:

The flood swept away many homes.

洪水冲走了许多人家。

The water nearly rose to flood level.

水快涨到泛滥点了。

我们的地下室在大雨后就泛滥成灾。

10.The Three Gores area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of China’s most famous historical sites,including the Qu Y uan T emple,the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings.

三峡地区是中国最美丽的景区之一,因此三峡工程淹没了一些最著名的历史遗迹,包括屈原庙、汉阙、摩崖石刻等。

historical adj.历史的,历史上的,描述历史的。例如:

She is engaged in historical research.

她从事历史研究。

This is a historical novel.

这是一部历史小说。

site[C](建筑物、事件等的)地点;现场,遗迹。例如:

The great hall was built on the site of a Rome fort.

大礼堂建在了古罗马城堡的遗址上。

The site of the new hotel is by the sea.

这座新旅馆的地基在海边。

The construction site of a new school was a hive of activity.

在这所新学校的建筑工地上到处是一片繁忙紧张的景象。

carving[C]雕刻品,雕刻物;[U]雕刻,雕刻术。例如:

carving set 一套切肉刀叉

carving fork切肉叉

carving knife(餐桌上用的)切肉刀

artistic carving雕刻工艺

jade carving玉雕

negative carving凹雕

porcelain carving瓷雕

shell carving贝雕

11. About 800 historical relics have been submerged.

有800多件历史遗迹为水所淹没。

①submerge v.把……放入水中,沉入水中;淹没。例如:

This is the wall submerged by flood water.

这就是被洪水淹没的墙。

The child submerged all her toys in the bath.

那孩子把所有的玩具都泡在浴盆里。

The submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships.

该潜艇潜入水下以躲避敌舰。

②relic [C]遗物,遗迹。例如:

relics of ancient civilizations and beliefs

古代文明、信仰的遗迹

unearthed relics 出土文物

12.Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.

有些历史遗物正在被搬迁,还有些正在被送进博物馆。思维拓展

historical和historic:historical“有关历史的,历史的”。如:the historical period历史阶段;historical personage历史人物。historic“历史上有名的,有历史意义的”。如:historic town历史名城。a historic meeting 有历史意义的会议。

思维拓展

site vt.选定(建筑物等)的位置;设置。例如:

a factory sited next to a railway line 设置在铁路沿线的工厂

Is it safe to site the power station here?

把发电厂建在这里安全吗?

思维拓展

carve v.刻,雕刻。例如:

They carved their names on a tree trunk.

他们将名字刻在树干上。

carve a marble into a stutue 用大理石雕刻石雕像

思维拓展

submerge vt.覆盖,遮住(常用被动语态)。

例如:

He was submerged in debt.

他负债累累。

The main argument was submerged in a mass of tedious detail.

大量单调乏味的细节掩盖了主要论点。

全析提示

句中be being done为现在进行时态的被动语态。如:Their new

remove vt.使移动,使迁移。例如:

The status was removed to another site.

塑像已挪到另一个地方了。

They were removed from the English class.

他们已从英语班转走。

The patient was removed from the private room to a ward. 那病人从单人房移到大病房了。teaching building is being built now.他们的新教学楼正在建造之中。

Writing 全析提示

1.I wanted to visit the house my grandparents lived in but I couldn’t,because the village has disappeared.

我本想参观我祖父母生活过的住房,却未能,因为那个村子消失了。

disappear vi.消失,失踪,绝迹(无被动语态)。例如:

That species disappeared in the Ice Age.

那个物种早在冰河时期就绝迹了。

The boy disappeared round the corner.

男孩在拐弯处消失了。

The sun disappeared behind a cloud.

太阳在云层后面消失了。

The ships seem to have disappeared off the face of the earth.

那些轮船似乎已经从地球表面消失了。

2.When I came back,the bus I took was full of visitors from other parts of China.

我回来时,所乘坐的车上坐满了来自全国各地的游客。

be full of 满的,充满的。例如:

The cup is full —it is full of milk.

这个杯子满了,装满了牛奶。

Her eyes were full of tears.

她的眼里充满泪水。

That political statesman is full of ambition.

那个政治家野心很大。

He was full of himself.

他自命不凡。

3.It was strange to think that,when my grandparents lived in the village,there wasn’t a reservoir there at all!

我祖父母在村里生活时,那儿一座水库也没有,想到这些真感到不可思议!

strange adj.奇怪的;奇特的;奇异的。例如:

It’s strange we haven’t heard from him.

奇怪的是我们没有他的音信。

It feels strange to be visiting the place again after all these years.

时隔多年,旧地重访使人感到很新奇。

4.Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know? 句中my grandparents lived in 作the house的定语。

思维拓展

appearance[C]&[U]消失,失踪。例如:

The Three Gorges Dam has caused the disappearance of many towns and villages.

三峡大坝的建造使得许多城镇和村子消失了。

全析提示

I took为定语从句,修饰the bus。

思维拓展

full moon 满月

full house 客满,满座

full age 成年

full dress 礼服,全装

full name 全名

full time 专职,专任

思维拓展

strangely adv.

奇妙地;奇怪地;不可思议地。例如:

The house was strangely quiet.

这所房子静得出奇。Strangely,I’ve never spoken to him.

真是不可思议,我从未与他说过话。

思维拓展

effect[U]&[C]影响,效果。

三峡大坝影响到了你们地区的人的生活还是你认识的人的生活?affect vt.影响,发生作用;(疾病)侵袭。例如:

Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?

降雨量会影响到作物的生长吗?

The noise from the street affected our work.

马路上的噪音影响我们工作。例如:

come into effect

开始生效,开始实施of no effect 无效的take effect 生效,奏效with effect 有效地

Listening and Pronunciation

1.the Grand Canal 大运河

grand adj.雄伟的;豪华的;重大的。例如:

We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain.

当我们爬上了山巅时,我们看到了云海的壮观景象。

We met a lot of grand people when we went to the palace.

我们到宫廷去时,见到了许多达官贵人。

We gathered the grand entrance.

我们在(大建筑物的)正门整队集合。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f17527453.html,anise vt.组织,创办(=organize)。例如:

They organized a climbing expedition to Mt.Everest.

他们组成了一支爬珠穆朗玛峰的登山队。

She organized medical reports.

她整理病历表。

He organized the truckers into a union.

他把卡车司机组成工会。

3.on a visit 在访问

on用于表示动态,如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。又如:

on business 出差

on strike 在罢工

on sale 在出售

on show 在上映

on watch 在站岗/放哨

on fire 在着火

on duty 在值班

4.bring an end to 使……终止。例如:

They should bring an end to that ridiculous war.

他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争了。

I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end.

我不知道如何才能使他们停止纷争。思维拓展

grand含有“大”的意思,但不仅仅是三维量值的大,而且指能够打动人的精神或者智力,甚至对美的感受等。比如:the Grand Canal中国运河,a grand orchestra 大型交响乐队,a grand piano 大钢琴。

思维拓展

organized adj.被组织化的,有组织的

organizer[C]组织者organization[U]组织,组织化;[C]团体,协会

思维拓展

in 多用于表示静态状况,如安全、危险、健康、涉及人的情绪等。例如:

in trouble 陷入困境

in danger 处于危险之中

in order 有序

in surprise 惊讶地

in silence 默默地

思维拓展

come to an end 结束

draw to an end 接近尾声

be at an end 完毕

make an end of 把……终止

Function and Everyday English

1.enormous adj.非常大的,巨大的,庞大的。例如:an enormous tower 巨大的塔

enormous profits 巨大的利益

an enormous sum of money巨额资金

a man of enormous strength力大无穷的人全析提示

enormous不仅表示“块头”和“数量”方面的“大”,而且可以表示程度方面的“极大”。

2.fascinating adj.迷人的,极美的,使人神魂颠倒的。例如:

a fascinating love story 迷人的爱情故事

a fascinating shop window display吸引人的商店橱窗陈列

a fascinating voice 迷人的嗓音

a fascinating glimpse 迷人的一瞥

3.freezing adj.冰冻的,极冷的,凝固的,冷淡的。例如:

a freezing machine 冷冻机

freezing point 冰点,凝冻点

a freezing glance 冷淡的一瞥

freezing cold 极冷的

4.delighted adj.欣喜的,快乐的。例如:

The delighted audience demanded two encores.

观众欣喜若狂,两度要求加演。

a delighted look 高兴的神气/表情

I was very much delighted with the results.

我对这个结果感到非常满意。

He was delighted to accept the invitation.

他欣然接受邀请。

She was delighted that he had returned safely.

她很高兴他已安全归来。

5.astonished adj.惊讶的,惊愕的。例如:

He looked astonished.

他一副惊愕的样子。

I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.

我被那巨大的声响吓了一跳。

We were astonished that he appeared at the party.

他出现在宴会上,使我们感到惊讶。思维拓展

fascinate vt.使着迷、神魂颠倒或极感兴趣

fascinatingly adv.迷人fascination[U]魅力;迷恋

全析提示

注意下列词义:cool 凉的;chilly 微冷的;cold 寒冷的;freezing 冰冷的。

思维拓展

区别delighted/delightful: delightful 是使别人高兴的意思,而delighted 是指本人高兴。例如:

a delightful party 愉快的宴会The girl is delightful.

那个女孩讨人喜欢。

思维拓展

astonishing adj.令人大为惊讶的。例如:

His victory was really astonishing. 他的胜利真叫人大为惊讶。

Cultural Corner

1.From the observatory at the top,on a clear day you can see five US states.

从顶部的观测所,在晴朗的天气里可俯视到美国的五个州。

observatory[C]天文台,观测所。例如:

astronomical observatory 天文台

Purple Mountain Observatory 紫金山天文台

Royal Greenwich Observatory 格林尼治皇家天文台

2. Lightning strikes the Empire State Building 500 times a year.

每年帝国大厦遭雷电袭击达500次。

lightning[U]闪电,电光。例如:

The tall tree was struck by lightning.

那颗高大的树被闪电击中了。

a flash of lighting 一道闪电

strike vt.(灾害、疾病等)突然袭击。例如:

A very big earthquake struck that county many years ago.

许多年前一次非常强大的地震袭击了那个县。思维拓展

observe v.观察,注意地看observer[C]观察者,观测者observation n.观测,观察力

思维拓展

at lightning speed 像闪电一般lightning rod 避雷针lightning strike 闪电式的罢工

思维拓展

air strike 空袭

be on strike举行罢工

The plague struck Europe.

瘟疫袭击了欧洲。

Beijing was struck by a terrible sandstorm.

北京遭到了骇人的沙尘暴的袭击。

3. In 1945,a US military plane,which was flying over Manhattan on

a foggy day,crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.

1945年,一架美国军用飞机撞击到帝国大厦78层之上处,当时这架飞机正在大雾天气里飞行在曼哈顿上空。

military adj.军事的,军用的,军队的。例如:

military academy 陆军军官学校,军事学院

military age 兵役年龄

military arts 军事艺术

military courtesy 军礼

military law 军法

military operation 作战;军事行动

crash v.坠毁;冲撞。[C](飞机的)坠毁;相撞(事件)。例如:

The plane crashed in the mountains.

那架飞机在山中坠毁。

He crashed his car into the wall.

他的车子撞到墙上了。

He crashed the glass against the wall.

他把玻璃杯猛力地向墙上摔去。

4. The world’s top 10 tallest buildings.

世界上最高的10幢建筑:

①Petronas Tower 1佩重纳斯大厦1

②Petronas Tower 2佩重纳斯大厦2

③Sears Tower西尔斯大厦

④Jin Mao Building金茂大厦

⑤Citic Plaza中信大厦广场

⑥Shunhing Square地王大厦

⑦Empire State Building帝国大厦

⑧Central Plaza中环广场

⑨Bank of China Tower 中银大厦

⑩Emirates Tower 1阿联酋大厦1 cancel a strike取消罢工

lighting strike 雷击

全析提示

该句中,which引导的是非限制性定语从句。另外注意句中介词的含义。

思维拓展

the military 军人;军队;军方(集合用法)。例如:The military were called in to deal with the riot.已将军队调来镇压暴动。

全析提示

crash 可以用作及物或不及物动词,其含义是突然猛烈地撞击,并伴有轰隆声。通常用来表示飞机失事或汽车相撞。

全析提示

各建筑所在城市:

马来西亚吉隆坡

马来西亚吉隆坡

美国芝加哥

中国上海

中国广州

中国深圳

美国纽约

中国香港

中国香港

阿联酋杜拜

Grammar(Ⅰ)

限制性和非限制性定语从句

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,下面将这两类定语从句作一比较:

一、限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对它有限制作用。因此不可缺少,否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前一般不用逗号。例如:What’s the name of the boy who brought us the letter?

给我们带信来的那个男孩叫什么名字?

There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers. 全析提示

(1)限制性定语从句对所修饰词的词义加以限制,使之表示一个(些)或一类特定的人或东西。例如:How about a coat that is both warm and light? 既保暖又

有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。

I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.

我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。

Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?

附近有可以买到水果的商店吗?

Do you know the reason why I came late?

你知道我迟到的缘故吗?

二、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句与所修饰的名词(先行词)关系松弛,只提供有关该名词的补充情况或附加说明,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时,往往用逗号与主句分开。例如:

Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.

水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。

Once more I am in Boston,where I have not been for ten years.

我又来到了波士顿,我已有十年没有到这里来了。

非限制性定语从句形式上是从句,其功能实质上相当于一个分句。有时,甚至可以将其译成状语从句。例如:

Then he met Mary,who invited him to a party.

后来他遇到了玛丽,玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。(who实际上=and she)When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich,Switzerland,where he studied mathematics and physics.

他17岁时,到瑞士苏黎世一个专科学校上学,他在那里学习数学和物理学。(where=and there)

We don’t like the room,which is cold.

我们不喜欢那个房间,它里面很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)He said he was busy,which was untrue.

他说他很忙,其实不然。(which was untrue=though it was untrue)

I want him,who knows some English.

我要他,他懂些英语。(who knows some English=for he knows some English)轻便的外套怎么样?

(2)在限制性定语从句中,关系代词如果作宾语,可以省略。例如:We have got the instrument (that)we need.我们买到了所需要的仪器。

全析提示

(1)“限制”是指概念上的限制,把一般的概念限制为特定的概念。所以本身已经十分特殊的名词,如专有名词、带有形容词性物主代词或是形容词性指示代词作限定词的名词词组,其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的。例如:

Her mother,who had long suffered from arthritis,died last year.她母亲去年去世,此前她长期患有关节炎。(因mother前有限定词her,使用非限制性定语从句为宜。)

(2)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不能省略,that和why不可引导非限制性定语从句。

例如:

Wang Xin,whom Lao Li knows well,is our group leader.王欣是我们的组长,小李对他很了解。(该句中whom不可省略,亦不可为that取代)

Grammar(Ⅱ)

定语从句的缩短

定语从句可以缩短或简化,主要通过以下形式:

一、省略作宾语的关系代词

在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m),which,that。在限制性定语从句中,当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时,可以互换使用,通常可以省略;当that和which作宾语用于指物时,两者也可以互换使用,关系代词that/which也通常省略。例如:

Is that the man(whom)/(who)/(that)you gave your tickets to?(whom,who或that可以省略)

Is that the address(which)/(that)you sent the telegram to?(which 或that可以省略)

Where is the book(which)/(that)I bought yesterday?(which或that 全析提示

(1)当关系代词whom和which 直接置于介词之前时,则不能省略。例如:

Is that the address to which you sent the telegram to?

(2)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。

可以省略)

二、将定语从句变为非谓语动词

1.定语从句转换成不定式短语。例如:

This is the best thing that we can do in memory of our beloved teacher. →This is the best thing to do in memory of our beloved teacher.

这是为纪念我们敬爱的老师我们能做的最好的事。

He is a good comrade with whom you can work.

→He is a good comrade to work with.

他是一个很好共事的同志。

2.定语从句转换成现在分词短语。例如:

The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.

→The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.

第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。

Y esterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours.

→Y esterday we had a meeting lasting two hours.

昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。

3.定语从句转换成过去分词短语。例如:

The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.

→The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.

大火中损坏的房子不久就要翻修。

The plan which is being discussed is of great importance.

→The plan being discussed is of great importance.

正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。全析提示

定语从句转换成不定式短语时,从句中的情态动词、主语均可省略。介词加关系代词引导的定语从句转换成不定式短语时,关系代词可省略,但介词不可省略。

全析提示

当关系代词为定语从句的主语,从句中的谓语又是主动的行为动词时,一般可转换成现在分词短语。但要注意主句和从句的时态要保持一致或对应。

全析提示

当关系代词为定语从句的主语,从句中的谓语又是被动语态时,可转换成过去分词短语。过去分词表示被动完成的意义,其动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

新课标高中英语必修一unit4学案

Unit 4 Earthquake 1、shake v.&n. ①v t.&vi.(shook, shaken) 摇动;震动;颤抖; shake hands with sb /shake sb’ s hand / shake sb. by the hand 与…握手 shake one’ s head at sb 朝某人摇头(表否定, 怀疑, 悲伤, 不赞成等) shake with…. 因…..而颤抖 e.g.: a. shake with laughter, fear, rage, etc 笑得, 吓得, 气得……打颤 b. shake with cold 冻得发抖 shake one’ s fist at sb 向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓. e.g.: a. shake the bottle before using. 使用之前请摇动瓶子. b. The earthquake shook the building. 地震使房子振动. ②n. [ c ] (多用单数) 摇动; 震动; e.g.: a shale pf the head 摇头 辨析: shake, tremble ,quake ①shake 为常用词, 表示短促而迅速地上下往来摇动. ②tremble 尤指身体因恐惧、激动或愤怒轻微、快速、不由自主地颤抖. e.g.: tremble with rage, excitement etc trembling hands 颤抖的手 ③quake 较为正式, 常同tremble ,但含“猛烈”的意思. e.g.: quake with fear/cold 因恐惧[寒冷]而颤抖. △quake n. (口) == earthquake 练习: The boy shook his mother’s hand. →The boy shook hand. 2、right away == at once / without delay. 毫不耽搁地;不可用于进行时态. e.g.: I’ll write to him right away. right now == immediately / in no time / in a moment / at this very moment / at present 立刻;在此时;在此刻. 在作“在此时”, “在此刻”讲时,可用于进行时态. e.g.: He’s writing a novel right now. 2、rise vi. (rose; risen) ①(太阳, 月亮, 星星等)升起;出现; == go up / come up 反义→set ②(物价, 东西等)上涨;上升; == go up / increase(vi.) 反义→go down / fall / drop rise to 上升到; rise by 上升了; ③(人等)站起来,起床,起身. rise to one’s feet == stand up 站起来 raise sb to one’s feet 把某人扶起来 early to bed and early to rise 早睡早起 n. 升起;升高;增加=increase give rise to sth 引起;导致; == cause sth / lead to / result in / bring about sth give sb a rise 给某人涨工资;提职; the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰 e.g.: a. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

2019人教版高中英语必修3电子课本 word版

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高中英语新课标教材解析

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Changes in international phoneticsymbols for English 人教版高中英语必修二目录 Unit 1Cultural relice Unit 2The Olympic Games Unit 3Computers Unit 4Wildlife protection Unit 5Music Workbook Unit 1Cultural relics Unit 2The Olympic Games Unit 3Computers Unit 4Wildlife protection Unit 5Music Appendices附录 人教版高中英语必修三目录 CONTENTS

完整word版,人教版高中英语必修一unit1教案最终版

Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时,第二课时 ( Reading) 一.教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二.学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives

高中英语(新课标-人教版)必修一词汇表

高中英语(新课标-人教版)必修一词汇表 Unit 1 △survey n. 调查;测验 add up合计 upset adj. 心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 使不安;使心烦ignore vt. 不理睬;忽视 calm vt. & vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定 adj. 平静的;镇静的;沉着的calm(…)down(使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来 have got to不得不;必须 concern vt. (使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n. 担心;关注;(利害)关系 be concerned about关心;挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose adj. 松的;松开的 △vet n. 兽医 go through经历;经受 △Amsterdam n. 阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都) Netherlands n. 荷兰(西欧国家) △Jewish 犹太人的;犹太族的 German adj. 德国的;德国人的;德语的 n.德国人;德语 △Nazi n. 纳粹党人 adj. 纳粹党的 set down记下;放下;登记 series n. 连续;系列 a series of一连串的;一系列;一套 △Kitty n. 基蒂(女名) outdoors adv. 在户外;在野外 △spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound)迷住;迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to为了…… dusk n. 黄昏;傍晚 at dusk在黄昏时刻 thunder vi. 打雷;雷鸣 n.雷;雷声 entire adj. 整个的;完全的;全部的 entirely adv. 完全地;全然地;整个地 power n. 能力;力量;权力 face to face面对面地 curtain n. 窗帘;门帘;幕布 dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 no longer/not…any longer不再…… partner n. 伙伴;合作者;合伙人 settle vi. 安家;定居;停留 vt. 使定居;安排;解决 suffer vt. & vi. 遭受;忍受;经历 suffer from遭受;患病 △loneliness n. 孤单;寂寞

人教版2020版高中英语必修3课文逐句翻译

1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典 Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来,世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时,在猎人捕获猎物后,也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代,如果食物难以找到,特别是在寒冷的冬月,人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来,一些是宗教上的,一些是季节性的,一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日,是为了纪念死者,或使祖先得到满足,因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助,也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节,人们要扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他们还点起灯笼,奏响乐曲,因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 在墨西哥,亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里,人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物,和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念,认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日,这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给,那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. 中国的端午节(龙舟节),是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. 美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日,纪念莫汉达斯·甘地,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的粮食收集起来了,农活结束了,人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. 在欧洲国家,人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅,在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加各种评选)而获奖,比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy

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