高中语法(第一部分)
第一部分虚拟语气
1、定义：纯粹假想的情况，主观愿望，在形式上需要一种特殊情况。
2、几种形式：
①表示和将来、现在情况相反的条件句。其结构为条件句中的谓语用过去
时，主句中用would + do 的形式，其基本结构为：
If + 过去时，would + do.
e.g If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
If you left your bicycle outside, somebody would steal it.
If I lived near my office, I’d walk to work..
If I were you, I’d plant some trees round the house.
注意几种特殊情况：
※主句谓语有时可以是由might, could +do 构成。
e.g If you tried again, you might succeed.
If I could type, I might save a lot of time.
If I know her number, I could ring her up.
If he had a permit, he could get the job.
※在从句中有时还可以用‘were + to’，‘should+ do’这两种形式。
e.g If he were to resign, who would take his job.
If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.
If you should have any difficult in getting the medicine, you could ring this number.
If the toys should arrive in a damaged condition, please inform us at once.
※在某些条件句中，if 有时可以省略，这时从句语序要改成倒装。
e.g Were I Tom I would refuse.
Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.
Should she be interested ,I’ll phone her.
※从句中有时可用If were not for 这种句型，表示‘若不是...,’
e.g If it weren’t for your help, we would be in serious trouble.
Were it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.
You would not be anywhere if it were not for John. 若不是约翰，你不会有任何成就。
②表示一个与过去时相反的情况，其结构形式为从句中的谓语动词为过去
时的形式，即过去完成时，主句谓语动词相当于would have +done.
e.g If I had known that you were coming, I’d have met you at the airport.(事
实上我不知道)
If anything had happened, he would have let us know.
She would have said more if he had not walked away.
If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus.
What would you have done if you’d been in any position ?
几种特殊情况：
※主句中也可以用could，might, should构成谓语。
e.g If I had been less cautious, I might have more wise.
If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.
If he received the present, he should have thanked you.
If he had apologized, you should have done too.
※从句中也可以用had not been for来构成谓语，表示‘要不是...,’.
e.g If it h adn’t been for your timely help, we would have got into serious
trouble.
If it hadn’t been for her meticulous care, I wouldn’t have got well so soon.
※If 有时可以省略，但是从句应改成倒装语序。
e.g Had she been asked, she would have done it . Had I not seen it with my
own eyes, I would not have believed it. Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened.
③特殊的虚拟语气
A．有些由If引导的条件句在zhuju 中的谓语所biaoshi 的动作在时间上并不一致，在时间上是一种错综复杂。
e.g If you had taken her advise, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t be speaking to you now.
If he had been trying hard, her parents wouldn’t be so worried.
B.有些句子虽不是用if来引导，但意思和条件句差不多。
e.g I might see her personally, it would be better.
To have told my secret would have given me away.
But for my money that woman would have persecuted(找麻烦)
④虚拟语气在宾语刑拘中的运用
A．W ish 后的宾语从句，主要有两种形式。
a.与现在事实相反，be 动词一律用were.
e.g I wish I knew what was going to happen.
I wish I could help you.
I wish I were young again.
b．与过去的情况相反，常有遗憾的意味。
e.g I wish I had listened to your advise.
My father wishes he had gone to university.
I wish you hadn’t told me all this.(但愿你没有告诉我这一切)
I wish he wouldn’t go out every night.
B. would rather (sooner)后面的宾语从句。
e.g I’d rather you told me the truth.
I’d rather you didn’t ask me that question.
I’d rather you know that now.
C.suggest/demand/insist/ask,这类动词后面的宾语从句。
e.g He demanded that I pay her immediately.
He insisted that Jennie send her to dancing school.
I advise that he go to t once.
I propose that Mr.Parr be the chaiman.
He ordered that the man be released.
They intended that the news be suppressed.
⑤虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用。
A．a s if , as though引导的状语从句
e.g I love you as if you were my son.
I remember it vividly as if it were tonight.
He talks as though he knew where he was.
B. 有些让步状语从句也可能用虚拟语气，特别是某些句型。
e.g Though he be the president himself, he shall hear us.
Whether she be right or wrong, we will support her.
D.有些目的状语从句也可以用虚拟语气做谓语。
e.g they removed the prisoner in order that he not disturb the proceeding
any further.
第一部非谓语动词
非谓语动词共有三种，即动词不定式to do, 动词的ing形式doing，和动词的过去分词done.
1.动词不定式共有两种形式，带to的不定式和不带to 的不定式。
e.g I’ve come here to seek your advise.
What you said makes me think.
i.动词不定式构成谓语
a.不带to 的不定式和某些助动词构成的谓语。
e.g Will you please call back again in a little while ?
Shall I help you ?
I’ll be back right away. He won’t tell his addres s.
b.不带to 的不定式和情态动词构成谓语
e.g We must keep this in mind.
How can we convince them ?
We’d better wait and see.
We needn’t wait for him.
c.和某些动词构成谓语
e.g How are you going to solve the problem？
What time is the plane to take off?
We used to work in the same department.
He seemed to be doing all right.(情况不错)
d.不定式和某些形容词构成复合谓语
e.g The plan is bound to succeed. Tom is sure to be right. He is certain to
return. He was apt to become excited.
e.不定式和某些被动结构构成复合谓语
e.g He is said to have been in China many times.
Another spaceship is believed to have landed on Mars. This was thought to be impossible. His situation was considered to be dangerous. You are not supposed to know that. You are expected to speak at the meeting.
(2).构成主语
如：To lean out of the window is dangerous. To stop the work now seems impossible.
但是在更多的情况下都用it做先行主语，而把不定式这个真正主语放到句子后面去，这样可使主语不必显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象，常见的这种句子有一下几种：
a.It + be + adj+ to do sth.
It’s hard to say which is better. It’s foolish to act like that. Is it easy to learn a foreign language? It’s impossible to finish the job in one day. It’s still possible to catch the train. It’s wrong to steal.
b.It + n +to do sth.
It’s a honor to meet you.
It’s our duty to obey laws.
It’s great fun to have a picnic ther e.
It’s a good habit to eat slowly.
It’s a great pleasure to work with you.
c.It + 动词+不定式
How long does it take to fly across the Pacific ocean?
It amused me to hear these jokes.
It would take ages to really master a language.
It feels good to be out here or a while.
d.It +be+介词短语+ to do sth.
It is beyond me to explain these.
It would beneath him to accept such a job.
It is just like you to be always ready to help a friend.
(3).构成宾语
a.能够与to 构成不定式的动词特别多，许多动词都可以这样做。
He agreed to pay 4,000 for the car.
They failed to fulfill the plan.
You must learn to look the plan.
常见的这类动词有aim, attempt, decide, fail, plan, seek, wish, learn, forget.
b.不定式有时和连接代词，副词一道构成宾语。
e.g He discovered how to open the safe.
He taught me how to swim.
You must learn how to be patient
She couldn’t think what to say.
Do you remember which way to get there.
c.间或这种介词还可以做介宾
He wrote a book on how to protect the environment.
They were worried about how to find the necessary equipment.
We also had a discussion about what investment to make.
d.可使用it做先行词成为形式上的宾语，而把不定式放到句子后面去，做真正的宾语。
e.g I have long had it in my mind to answer your letter. She took it on herself to apologize to me. I find it difficult to answer.
(4).不定式构成复合宾语
a.许多动词可跟一个由‘n/代词+不定式’构成的复合宾语。如advise, allow, ask, beg, tell, teach等。
e.g I asked George to convey my best wishes to his mother. My boss told me to type out two letters. He begged her to forgive him. I expected him to arrive on Saturday.
b.有些动词可跟带有to be 的复合宾语。
e.g I consider him to be the best one. He felt it to be the highest praise. She found the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful. I know him to be a liar.
c．跟复合宾语的动词有时可用于被动结构。
She was told to wait at the door. You are not expected to work such long hours. He is known to be honest. He was warned not to go there. She was forbidden to stay out after midnight.
※这类结构中的不定式可用完成时和进行时。
He was known to have worked for the French.
He is said to have own another gold model.
She is believed to be living in Tokyo.
He is supposed to be washing the car.
d.有些动词如：see,hear,let,make,notice,have,fell等，后面接上不带to 的动词
不定式构成符合宾语，e.g：
Did you see anyone enter the house?
I heard her lock the door.
She made me move the car.
Did you notice a man come in?
※但是当这种结构在变为被动语态时，必须把动词不定式to 还原。E.g.
A child was seen to enter the building.
She was often heard to sing this song.
e.有些V + 介词的结构后面也接由动词不定式构成的符合谓语。例：
She shouted to me to come over.
The teacher called on me to answer this question.
He waited for it to be light.
f.某些动词后面跟it，借此把构成符合宾语的不定式放在后面。例：
I find it easy to get on with him.
He didn’t feel it necessary to mention this to her.
Do you think it worthwhile to visit him.
He made a rule to walk two miles a day.
（5）不定式做定语
a. 可用来修饰一个物。如：
We have a lot of things to do today.
Do you have any suggestions to offer?
I’ve two letters to write tonight.
It is a difficult question to answer.
b. 可以用来修饰人。如：
He was the first guest to arrive.
He was the second man to hear the news.
I want someone to talk to.
You are the right person to be given this job.
c.在不少N后面可用不定式做定语。
It’s time to go to bed.
There is no reason to doubt his word.
There is no need to worry it.
I have right to know.
(6).不定式做表语，说明主语的具体内容。如：
Her ambition was to be a film star.
Mary’s task is to set the table,
Your mistake was to sign that letter.
2.动名词的用法
(1).作主语和表语
a. doing做主语。例：
Reading French is easier than speaking it.
Talking to him is talking to a wall.
Smoking may cause cancer.
Sailing a boat is great fun.
b.有时用先行词it做主语，而把动名词（真正主语）放到句子后面去。
It’s nice seeing you again.
It’s hopeless arguing about it.
It was a waste of time reading that book.
c. There is + to 后面何以用doing作主语，表示“没办法…”,如：
There is no knowing what he could do.
There was no arguing with him.
d.doing 做表语，如：
Her hobby was pointing.
Her favorite sport is skiing.
Seeing is believing.
(2).doing 做宾语
a.做动词宾语，如：
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
Do you enjoy teaching?
I could not help laughing.
I hate lying and cheating.
Their garden needs watering.
b.做动词短语的宾语，如：
He has given up playing football.
They will put off doing that until next year.
She waved to me and went on going.
c.有些动词即可用doing做宾语，也可用不定式to do作宾语，如remember, forget, help, can’t help, 等。
d. doing与to do 的细微差别，如在动词lik
e. Love, prefer, hate, dread等后面，doing通常指的是一般的情况，而to do 则有‘即将’的含义，具有将来做某事的意味。如：
Do you like reading? 和I should like to hear other’s views.
She loves working in the garden.和She said she’d love to come sometime.
e. doing 做介词的宾语，如：
she insisted on writing at once.
He never complained about working over time.
I don’t feel like going to the cinema.
※be+ adj + 介词，也可用doing 做宾语，如：
Are you interested in going with me?
I was afraid of making them uneasy.
He was fond of speaking French.
I ‘m tired of thinking about it.
f. 一些由介词构成的短语，后面也可以跟doing做宾语，如：
Instead of going to New York, we got off at Boston.
I called in the hope of finding her at home.
※有些介词可以和doing构成定语，如：
He is good at the art of making friends.
I admire his skills at drawing.
he had the chance of visiting Beijing.
※doing 也有被动形式和完成形式。
①doing 的被动形式，其构成为being + done(动词的过去分词)，例：
He hated being interrupted.
She disliked being spoken to like that.
We can’t help being touched by their feat.
②doing的完成时态形式，其结构为：having done(动词的过去分词)，例：
He denied having been there.
I regretted having left Jim.
He was ashamed of having failed to pass the exam.
过去分词的用法
(1).构成谓语
a. 与have 一同构成完成时态。
b.与be 一同构成被动形式，如：
The letters have been opened
The children have been well looked after.
He was said to have been arrested.
(2).作表语。
能够作表语的done有很多，其中已有一部分变成了形容词，如：
He was amazed at the sight.
She was annoyed at your saying that.
I’m disappointed with you.
这类结构与被动语态是有区别的，如：
The shop is closed. It’s usually closed at 8.
The window is broken. It’s broken by Jim.
He was wounded in the leg. They were wounded during the battle.
(3).做宾语。
a.有很多过去分词可用作宾语，特别是表示情绪的词，如：satisfy，frighten，worry, please, embarrass , puzzle等，如：
Eg. Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile. She gave me a frighten glance. She had a pleased look on her face. His embarrassed manner increased her doubt. His face wore a puzzled expression.
b.有些现在分词跟在所修饰词的后面，作用接近一个定语从句，如：What’s the language spoken in that country? Is there anything planned for tonight? The conference suggested by the Czar(沙皇) was held. The play put on by the teachers was a big success.
c. 做定语的过去分词常指已完成的动作，若要表示现在正在进行的动作，要使用过去分词的进行形式，也就是现在分词的被动形式。如：
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed. What do you think of the meeting being held in China? I know nothing about the experiment conducted there.
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高中语法之三主语和主谓一致 一、概述 句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 Her dreams have come true. 她的梦想实现了。 Her dream has come true. 她的(一个)梦想实现了。 从以上两个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的数而变化。 She/He often arrives school late. 她(他)常常上学迟到。 They often arrive school late. 他们常常上学迟到。 You often arrive school late. 你常常上学迟到。 从以上三个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的人称变化而变化。 I am a teacher. 我是老师。 He/She is a teacher.他（她）是老师。 They are teachers.他们是老师。 It is going to rain.要下雨了。 从以上四个例句可以看出谓语动词be随主语的人称变化而变化。 二、主语与谓语一致所遵循的三个原则 主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you 之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语和谓语动词的一致要遵循下面三个原则： 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。（2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。 The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
高中英语语法(主谓一致练习题)
1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
小升初+英语语法归纳
小升初小学英语语法知识归纳 一、名词 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如：John is a student student是普通名词，John是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。 2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。 名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词 不可数名词——数不清（没有复数） Drink：milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge Food：rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)
many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词+量词+of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用How many 对不可数名词的数量提问用How much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法： 1）some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of用等表示多少。 注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。 We should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。 2）用单位词表示。 用a ... of 表示。 如 a cup of （一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......） a piece of （一张......），a pair of shoes（一双鞋） 如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸） 注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。
高中英语语法主谓一致练习题
2010届高一上期末综合练习之主谓一致练习 1.Neither he nor I ___ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am 2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am 3. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been 4. There are two roads and either ___ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 5. Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes 6. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were 7. Very few ___ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows 8. When and where this took place ___ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. ar 9. I know that all ___ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the novel ___ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 13. More than one answer ___ to the question. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given 14. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary. A. are having B. had C. has D. have 15. The pair of shoes ___ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. is D. was 17. Those who ___ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy C. likes D. are liking 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be 19. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers. A. will be B. are C. is D. was 20. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 21. The wounded ___ good care of here now. A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken 22. Deer ___ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run 23. The police ___ a prisoner. A. are searched for B. is searching C. are searching for D. is searching for 24. It was reported that six ___ including a boy. A. had killed B. was killing C. were killed D. was killed 25. The United Nations ___ in 1945. A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found 26. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. A. was B. are C. is D. am 27. Between the two buildings ___ a monument. A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand 28. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job.
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
语法专攻高考英语一轮精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析含详解 (1)
简单句的五种基本结构 正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。 英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为： ①ＳＶ（主＋谓） ②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 主语（subject）谓语（predicate） 宾语（object）定语（attribute） 状语(adverbial) 补语（complement） 表语（predicative） 考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如: Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ) We’veworked for5hours.(ＳＶ) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ) Timeflies.(ＳＶ) 练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句 型中的哪一种。 1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.() 2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherf ace.() 3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.() 4.IdidwellinEnglish.() 5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomy esterday.() 考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday. 练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句 型中的哪一种。 1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEng lish. 2.Jimcannotdresshimself.
核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版)
高考核心语法知识点精练14 （特殊句式-省略与替代） 1.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm. A.faced with… hesitant B.facing… resolute C.in face of… indecisive D.facing with… determined 2.He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him. A.if never B.if ever C.if not D.if any 3.—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? —Yes. ______, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A.If ever B.If busy C.If anything. D.If possible 4.Some experts believe that the students, once ______ to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of progressing. A.addicting B.addicted C.having addicted D.being addicted 5.Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______. A.asked to keep B.to be asked C.to ask D.asked to 6.Though _______ by her classmates, the little girl didn’t burst into tears or be in despair. A.leaving out B.left out C.being left out D.leave out 7.When learning he was admitted to a key college, _________. A.he burst into tears B.tears came to his eyes C.he can hardly keep back his tears D.and his parents were wild with joy 8.There are some health problems that, if _______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
人教版高中高二语法专题——主谓一致讲解及练习
高二英语语法专题——主谓一致 课前短语回顾 have a bad effect on 对……有坏影响take in 吸收 give out 放出；发出in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 look through 浏览be at war with 与……交战 bring up 养育；抚养become interested in 对……感兴趣 be proud of 为……自豪in conclusion 总之 主谓一致 （一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 A.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 注意：单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。 B.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 等同：physics，politics, economics.. 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语
2021-2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态
2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes