外研版初中英语主谓一致讲解
英语语法----主谓一致
中考考点
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：
1、主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、主谓一致的附加原则
【考点诠释】
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就
近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市] A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited [答案]B ．
[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市] A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
二、the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语
是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer
B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer
D. is a number of deers
答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, is
B. the students, are
C. the students, is
D. students, are
[答案]: C [命题立意]：本题考查主谓一致的用法。[试题解析]：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]
A. go
B. goes
C. going
D. went
[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。如What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省] A. is planted
B. was planted
C. are planted
D. were planted
[答案]C．[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。
【考例】---How much ________the shoes? ---Five dollars_________ enough．[年青岛市]
A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are
[答案]B ．[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A.have
B. has
C. is
D. are
答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
[答案]A．[解析]本题考查"there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[07临沂市]
A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited
[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市] A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both
[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
透析----主谓一致
1.语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。
通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。
如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.
在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.
开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English.
阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.
你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem.
你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。
例如：What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。
例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意]在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。
如：There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。
例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.
一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.
除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.
每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
[注意]1）若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
例如：None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5、不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
6、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。
例如：It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.
那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.
研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.
要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。
例如：This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.
这是学生提出的许多问题的一
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.
鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here.
他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.
校长是老师中唯一懂得世界语的人。
7、“a lot of （lots of，plenty of，a head of，heaps of，the rest（majority）of ，some （many，anymore，most，all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。
例如：Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
[注意]1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。
如：All are present. 所有的人都出席了。
(表人) All is well. 一切都好。(表示整个事情或情况)
2）“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
The number of books on women published in China is growing.
在中国，有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。
The number of wagging dances per minute told the exact distance to the feeding place.
每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。
8、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。
例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.
这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.
在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.
我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
9、如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等+ 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例如：This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗？
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
中考英语专题：主谓一致考点讲解和
2011届中考英语专题复习十：主谓一致考点讲解和训练 【考点直击】 1.语法一致的原则 2.意义一致的原则 3.邻近一致的原则 【名师点睛】 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致的原则 （1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如： He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. （2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come.
（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Each man and each woman is asked to help. （4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. （5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如： A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. （6）由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 例如： Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. （7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
初中英语主谓一致详解
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主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
中考英语主谓一致真题汇编(含答案)及解析
中考英语主谓一致真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、主谓一致 1．一There a book sale in our school.Would you like to have a look with me？ 一Sure.I'd love to. A．is B．have C．are 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——我们学校有卖书的活动，你愿意和我一起去看看吗？——当然。我很乐意。本题考查there be结构，表示某地有某物；而have是指某人有某物，空前面是There，因此考查的是there be结构，排除B；再由a book sale是单数名词，因此be 动词用is。故选A。 2．（通常与or连用）或者 Either you or your father must see this young man today. 你或是你的父亲今天必须见这位年轻人。 副词 ad. 3．（两者之中）每一方的;每一的 She studied history and philosophy, but she had little interest in either subject. 她学过历史和哲学,但对这两门课都没有多少兴趣。 代词 pron. 4．______ Lucy ______ you can go to the party. One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：或者露西或者你能去聚会。你们中的一个人不得不待在家里照顾奶奶。考查并列连词短语。A. Neither; nor既不也不；B. Either; or或者，或者；C. Not only; but also不但，而且；D. Both; and两者都。根据One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma.可知，两者中的一个能去，故选B。 【点睛】 either用法 形容词 a. 5．---______ is the population of the town? ---Over 20,000. And a third of the population ____ workers of the car factory.
初中英语主谓一致
主谓一致 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 15.4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
初中英语主谓一致讲解
初中英语：主谓一致及其精练 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如：The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“很多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 很多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生以前去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时充足了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball. 12. 不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如： Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct两个答案都不准确。 14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics 等，例如： No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式， The police are waiting for the boy. 15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
中考英语主谓一致全面总结
Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致) 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 1. 语法一致原则 如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式； 如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg. Both parties ______their own advantages. Her job _____something to do with computers. 2. 意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。 His family ______(be) a big family. His family _______(be) listening to music when he came back. The population in China ______ (be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _____(be) farmers. 3. 就近原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 e.g. Either my grandsons or their father__ (be) coming. Neither Richard nor I _____(be) going. （一）谓语动词常用复数的情况 The teachers are respected in the world. 1）主语为复数名词或代词 The police are looking for the missing child. The cattle are kept in his farm. 2)当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. 3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。 The rich are not always happy. Generally speaking ,the young are eager for success. 4）the+adj. 表示一类人或物做主语时 如 blind,deaf, living,dead, the+ wounded, poor, rich old, young 等