高中英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析

高中英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan 23 -26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?

Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group

“I think globalization cannot be stopped --- no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve the war not cause the war,”said Ma in Davos, “Goog le, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”

Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD

“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos.”How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That's the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.

Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip

“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I ente red Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told https://www.360docs.net/doc/6310963178.html, in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these thre e will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.

Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun

“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud', and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.

（1）What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?

A. More huge jumps in profits.

B. The joined efforts of mankind.

C. Reducing production costs.

D. The role of science in business.

（2）What is the main business of Ctrip?

A. Tourism.

B. The creation of AI.

C. Computer.

D. Financial service online.（3）What does Hu think will promote global economic development?

A. Economy recovery.

B. The World Economic Forum.

C. Cloud computing.

D. Financial efficiency.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。

（1）推理判断题。根据Jack Ma中I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和Richard Liu中I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力，故答案选B。

（2）细节推理题。根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业，故答案选A。

（3）细节推理题。根据最后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud'. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。故答案选C

【点评】新闻报道类阅读理解的解题技巧

1）仔细阅读导语，掌握新闻主旨：导语(即文章的第一句话或第一自然段)往往是对整篇文章的高度概括，正文部分则对导语展开叙述，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。2）运用查读的方法明确新闻的细节：根据题干的关键词，采用查读的方法搜寻所考查的细节描述，然后与选项进行比较，最后确定答案。3）把握文章基本框架，抓住长句和难句的主干：在阅读新闻报道类文章时，首先要了解其基本框架结构，始终把重点放在文章最主要的内容上，不要被细枝末节、和主旨不相关的难句所迷惑。其次，检测的关键句常常是长句或者含有习语、难词的句子。

2．阅读理解

It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me. I received a brief 18-months of undivided attention and love as the only child, before three more appeared. The second was a severe blow. No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.

Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example, “Again and again the others got away with doing wrong but I didn't. We each played our roles; the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, seemed certain to be spoiled even now. So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon（变色龙）—skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.

Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life on the outside, not defined（定义）as the eldest. The moment I had waited for. But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again. It's down to me; it seems, to take the lead in caring for our parents, AH the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply. The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned. So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support. Requests to my siblings to

help out more fall on deaf ears. To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us. Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.

（1）How does the author comment on the four children in the second paragraph?

A. Angrily and Bitterly.

B. Angrily and proudly.

C. Bitterly and humorously.

D. Humorously and proudly.

（2）How did the author develop his social skills?

A. Through hard work.

B. With the parents' help.

C. At the parents' request.

D. In practice for effectiveness.

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

A. To care for the old.

B. To help the young.

C. To live outside alone.

D. To travel nationwide.

（4）What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer hates to be the eldest.

B. The writer feels proud of his role.

C. The writer is satisfied with his attempt.

D. The writer is regretful about the siblings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者作为家中四个孩子中的老大，从小被要求照顾小的，给兄妹树立好的榜样。父母老了，第一个关心照顾父母，认为照顾父母是自己的责任，但是其他的兄妹却只一味地推脱照顾老人的责任，这让作者深感遗憾。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相继出生后自己要为他们树立好的榜样，其他的人犯错不被处罚而我不能，描述老二用“逃学见男友skipped school to meet boys “，老三”迷人attractive “的男孩，老四的出生是个”suprise“，而且一直被宠坏spoiled了。这一切的一切让我成为一个明白道理的、安静的成绩好的，做家务的，擅长做一切的人。由此可推断出作者所用语言有点苦涩但风趣。分析选项可知C项符合题，故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings （兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example,” 接下来是多年来被要求照顾兄弟姐妹，被敦促树立一个好的榜样。根据常识这一切该是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顾小的，要求大的给小的做榜样。故答案选C。

（3）猜测词义题。分析To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.，即对我来说，第一个出生的一直尽职本份的我，因为父母曾养育了我们，我们要照顾他们，这是正确的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顾老人。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对父母尽心尽力地照顾，而其他的兄弟姐妹却置之不理，推脱责任，他们认为这只是我应该做的事。作者认为非常遗憾，他们三兄妹不应该有这种感觉。由此可推断出作者对于其他的兄妹深表遗憾。故答案选D。

【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

3．阅读理解

You'll be re-directed to our Irish Fest Ticketing Store, which will feature all of 2018's ticketing options. Buying online will save you the time of waiting in line at the ticket window .Your admission to the festival includes all of the musical acts, cultural exhibits, children's activities and more! Questions? Contact us at info@https://www.360docs.net/doc/6310963178.html,.

Daily Ways to Save

Any and all active (现役) military members will receive free admission to the festival, any day, with valid ID, plus one guest, at any gate ticket window where you will receive your free ticket].Thank you for your service to our country. Failte Club VIP Experience NEW

Experience Irish Fest in an exclusive setting! Invite your friends and be a part of the Failte Club VIP Experience! Your Failte Club ticket includes 2 complimentary beverages (beer, wine, soda, water), an incredible view of the Miller Lite stage from the Upper Deck, a private bar for additional beverages, including Jameson Whiskey and private restrooms!

Wheel chair accessible Thursday: $15 (Hours 5-10 pm) Friday: $30 (Hours 5-12 am)

Saturday: $35 (Hours 2-12 am) - SOLD OUT Sunday: $30 (Hours 12-8:30 pm)

4-Day VIP Pass: $79

Group Ticket Sales Information

Save some green with group ticket sales available through July 31, 2018.26-99 tickets are $15 each; 100+ tickets are $13 each. Call the CelticMKE [Irish Fest] Center at 414-476-3378 for more information.

Notice on Counterfeit Tickets

Milwaukee Irish Fest strongly urges all customers to avoid purchasing tickets on the street from unauthorized sources, as the tickets may be counterfeit. For your own protection, tickets should only be purchased at Milwaukee Irish Fest ticket booths, https://www.360docs.net/doc/6310963178.html, or the Milwaukee Irish Fest Center in Wauwatosa. Counterfeit tickets and tickets purchased from unauthorized sources will not be honored.

（1）Which of the following is true?

A. Anyone who served in the army can receive free admission to the fest.

B. People can buy a Failte Club ticket for any of the four days right now.

C. A group of 30 will spend $390 on their tickets for the fest altogether.

D. 4-Day VIP Pass holder can have an extremely good view of the stage.

（2）The underlined word "counterfeit" in the last part most probably means " ".

A. second-hand

B. false

C. undated

D. discounted

（3）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To persuade people to go to Milwaukee Irish Fest.

B. To make Milwaukee Irish Fest better known.

C. To inform people of ticketing and discounting.

D. To talk about how the festival is organized.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国密尔沃基的爱尔兰集会的购票信息，涉及到票价以及多种优惠折扣信息。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Daily Ways to Save部分中的“ Invite your friends and be a part of the Failte Club VIP Experience! Your Failte Club ticket includes 2 complimentary beverages (beer, wine, soda, water), an incredible view of the Miller Lite stage from the Upper Deck, ”可知VIP可以享受beer, wine, soda, water等服务还可以欣赏很好的风景。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据Notice on Counterfeit Tickets部分中的“For your own protection, tickets should only be purchased at Milwaukee Irish Fest ticket booths, https://www.360docs.net/doc/6310963178.html, or the Milwaukee Irish Fest Center in Wauwatosa .”可知所有的票都应该在正规的购票点购买，以防买到假票。所以本句“as the tickets may be counterfeit”中的counterfeit意为“false”，故选B。

（3）考查写作意图。本文是一则广告，介绍了美国密尔沃基的爱尔兰集会的购票信息，涉及到票价以及多种优惠折扣信息。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.

Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.

Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental

Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.

The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact." Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate "the accumulative human exposure" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.

For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?

A.The quality.

B.The quantity.

C.The shape.

D.The size.

（2）How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?

A.By studying papers.

B.By comparing the impacts.

C.By analyzing the data.

D.By conducting experiments.

（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?

A.Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.

B.The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.

C.Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.

D.People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.The Potential Problems of Microplastics

B.Microplastics Coming From Various Sources

C.Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies

D.The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics

come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water.”这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal in the Arctic darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.

Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley in California which was owned by Judge Miller. He was neither a house dog nor a kennel (狗窝) dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.

His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilogram—for his mother, Shep,

had been a Scottish sheepdog. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.

This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought Men from everywhere to the frozen north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not know that Manuel one of the gardeners helper, was not a good man. Manuel gambled (赌博) and wasted the little money he had. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk. No one saw them arrive at the railway station where Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

After two days ho was cried off the train in Seattle into a small, high-walled yard. There a fat man in a red sweater broke open the cage with a small axe (斧头)，while holding a club (棍棒) in the other hand. When there was a big enough opening, Buck jumped out like a red-eyed devil, straight at the fat man. But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before. It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.

Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club. He had learned the lesson, and for the rest of his life he never forgot it. It was his introduction into the world of primitive law. In the end a small man called Perrault paid three hundred dollars for him, and he was led away with Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland dog.

（1）What kind of dogs did the gold-seekers want?

A.Heavy house dogs with yellow hair.

B.Strong long-haired dogs.

C.Diligent dogs with yellow hair

D.Muscular kennel dogs.

（2）Buck was proud of himself for the following reasons, EXCEPT that ______.

A.he was king over all living things of Judge Miller's lands

B.he became the Judge's inseparable companion after his father's death

C.he had a good life with many outdoor activities to get strong and healthy

D.he was wanted by gold-seekers thanks to his strong muscles and long hair

（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Judge Miller owned a big house and a large piece of land in the Klondike.

B.Manuel bought and sold Buck because he needed money to support his life.

C.The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to teach him how to fight back.

D.Buck's introduction into the word of primitive law was obeying the fat man.

（4）What can be the suitable title for the excerpt?

A.Fall into Trouble

B.Fight against a Man

C.Escape from Trouble

D.Believe in a Man

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名为巴克的狗的遭遇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Trouble for every dog with str ong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.”可知，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃。这些寻金人需要的是，高大强壮，有强壮的肌肉，能吃苦耐劳且皮毛可以帮助他们抵御寒冷的狗。所以淘金者需要的是强壮的长毛狗。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.”可知，巴克是国王——统治着Judge Miller领地上所有爬行、飞行的东西，包括人类。所以A选项是巴克自豪的原因；第三段中的“His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.”他的父亲艾尔莫一直是Judge Miller形影不离的伙伴。他死后，巴克接替了他父亲的位置。打猎和其他户外活动锻炼了他的肌肉，游泳使他身体健康。所以B,C两项是巴克自豪的原因。故D项不是巴克自豪的原因。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before, It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.”可知，就在它的牙齿要碰到他的皮肤时，那人用棒子给了它一下，这还是有人头一次用棒子打他，他不知所措。它被打倒在地。它被木棒打了10几次；以及倒数第四段中的“Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club.”可知，巴克看到，它再也站不起来对抗他的木棒。所以巴克被打，无力反抗只能屈服于这个胖人。由此判断出，巴克的丛林法则就是屈服于这个胖人。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California.”可知，巴克不知道前面会遇到麻烦，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃以及下文对于巴克的具体遭遇可知，短文最佳的标题为“陷入麻烦”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

While your pet fish may appear to be unaware of your presence, chances are that it knows you extremely well and can probably even identify you from a crowd of human faces!

To test if this was accurate, some scientists decided to study archerfish（喷水鱼）. These animals don't have a sophisticated（复杂的）brain that is necessary to recognize the slight differences between human facial features.

They began by presenting four archerfish with images of two human faces. Initially, the fish spit

at both. However, they soon learned spitting water at the one selected by the researchers earned them a food treat. After that, they focused primarily on that image. The researchers then took the experiment one step further by introducing 44 other human faces to the mix.

To the researcher's astonishment, the trained archerfish were able to recall the learned image almost 81% of the time. And this accuracy improved to 86% when the researchers made the identification even harder, by replacing the colored photos with a set of black and white images and hiding the shape of the head.

The results of the study suggest that though having tiny brains, archerfish may have developed high visual discrimination abilities. While it is contrary to the previous theory that a sophisticated brain is necessary to recognize human faces, the researchers believe they do not recognize faces by recalling complex facial information like gender and identity, but more likely by discriminating between detailed patterns. Even so, the fact that these archerfish could “remember” those faces demonstrates that they have an impressive memory for details that lasts much longer than the originally-thought 3 seconds!

This is not the first time researchers have realized how “smart” fish are. Previous studies have shown that fish can recognize those fish they have “socialized” with previously, and even recall complex three-dimensional maps of their surroundings.

（1）What is the purpose of the study?

A. To describe archerfish are easy to teach.

B. To tell people archerfish like to be rewarded.

C. To prove archerfish can recognize human faces.

D. To show archerfish can easily develop a habit.

（2）Why did the researchers use black and white images?

A. They could get these images easily.

B. Archerfish got tired of color images.

C. They wanted to make the task more difficult.

D. These images wouldn't get ruined by water.

（3）What conclusion did researchers draw in the study?

A. Archerfish have a 3-second memory.

B. Archerfish could distinguish detailed patterns.

C. Archerfish have a special form of communication.

D. Archerfish could remember complex facial information.

（4）What can we infer from the text?

A. Fish are social animals.

B. Fish are as clever as humans.

C. Fish are able to tell different shapes.

D. The results shocked the researchers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对喷水鱼做的实验，实验表明鱼也很“聪明”，它们没有复杂的大脑但是却有辨认面孔的能力。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段做的“While your pet fish may appear to be unaware of your presence, chances are that it knows you extremely well and can probably even identify you from a crowd of human faces!”和第二段做的“To test if this was accurate, some scientists decided to

study archerfish(喷水鱼).”可知这项研究的目的是证明喷水鱼可以认出人脸，故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段做的“And this accuracy improved to 86% when the researchers made the identification even harder, by replacing the colored photos with a set of black and white images and hiding the shape of the head.”可知研究人员使用黑白图像是为了增加这项任务的难度，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段做的“Even so, the fact that these archerfish could ‘remember’ those faces demon strates that they have an impressive memory for details that lasts much longer than the originally- thought 3 seconds!”可推知喷水鱼可以辨别精细的图案，故选B。(4)考查细节理解。根据第四段做的“To the researcher's astonishment, the trained archerfish were able to recall the learned image almo st 81% of the time.”可知研究结果令研究人员非常吃惊，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Primavera Sound

To kick off the summer, there's no better place to be than Barcelona. On the concert lineup, you'll find bands like The Zombies, Arcade Fire, and Bon Iver. Then take some time to soak up the local food, wine, and culture.

Date: May 31 – June 4, 2018

Location: Barcelona, Spain

Music Type: Indie, rock, hip-hop

Price: 80€ –300€ (around $86 – $323)

Recommended places to stay in Barcelona:

Hotel 1898

Hotel Barcelona Universal

Mercer Hotel Barcelona

Governors Ball

One of the greatest summer concerts in New York City is Governor's Ball, which takes place in early June at Randall's Island Park. Some of the many artists playing include Tool, Phoenix, Lorde, Flume, and the Wu-Tang Clan.

Date: June 2-4, 2018

Location: New York City, New York, USA

Music Type: Rock, hip-hop, pop

Price: $105 – $305

Recommended places to stay in New York City:

W New York – Union Square, Union Square, New York City, United States

Aloft Harlem

Super 8 Long Island City LGA Hotel

Courtyard New York Manhattan / Upper East Side

Bonnaroo

Bonaroo is another epic summer event that draws in crowds of around 60,000 each year. Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year, including U2, Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Weeknd, and Chance the Rapper.

Date: June 8-11, 2018

Location: Manchester, Tennessee, USA

Music Type: Rock, hip-hop

Price: $210.50 – $554+ fees

Recommended places to stay in Manchester:

Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manchester

Country Inn & Suites Manchester

The Ambassador Inn & Luxury

（1）On which of the days can you enjoy Rock, hip-hop in Primavera Sound?

A. June 1，2018.

B. June 5，2018.

C. June 9，2018.

D. June 11，2018.（2）To witness iconic music legend Chance the Rapper playing , which of the following are the recommended places to stay？

A. Courtyard New York Manhattan.

B. Hotel Barcelona Universal.

C. Randall's Island Park.

D. The Ambassador Inn & Luxury.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文，推荐了三个夏天要听的音乐会，这些音乐会由不同的乐队，在不同的时间、地点演奏，价格也有所不同，但也有共同之处：演奏摇滚和hip-hop（嘻哈）音乐。

(1)考查细节理解。根据Primavera Sound部分中的“Date – May 31 – June 4, 2018 ＂可知，我们可以在5月31日到6月4日之间欣赏Primavera Sound的摇滚和嘻哈音乐，因此选A。。

(2考查细节理解。根据Bonnaroo部分中的＂Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year, including U2, Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Weeknd, and Chance the Rapper.”以及推荐地点“Recommended places to stay in Manchester:Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manchester，Country Inn & Suites Manchester，The Ambassador Inn & Luxury“”可知，见证Chance the Rapper的标志性音乐，被推荐的居住地点有The Ambassador Inn & Luxury＂，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so many children was that he was confident anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a success.

Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions —or “motion study,” as Dad and Mother named it.

Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could determine how we could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket money put forward an offer saying what he would do the job for. The lowest bidder got the contract(合约).

Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write — and Dad expected his children to start writing at a young age — was required to sign their names on the charts in the morning after he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process charts again after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth. Mother wanted to have a place on the charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was concerned prayers were voluntary.

It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven. He even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so doing he could cut seventeen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two razors, but he finally gave that up.

“I can save forty-four seconds,” he complained, “but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.” It wasn't the injured throat that r eally bothered him. It was the two minutes.

（1）Why was the author's house considered a sort of school?

A. It had a team of twelve children there.

B. The children were taught how to work well in it.

C. The parents could teach their children better at home.

D. The parents could have the children's daily activities recorded.

（2）What is the purpose of signing the charts?

A. To help to do things efficiently.

B. To manage the big family effectively.

C. To look after the children better.

D. To remind the children to obey the rules.

（3）What did the father complain about one morning?

A. He should have given up shaving.

B. His bleeding throat bothered him.

C. He couldn't shave with two razors.

D. He failed to cut short his shaving time.

（4）We can we infer from the text?

A. The kids had to bid for everything they wanted.

B. The author took pride in his father's management.

C. The couple were always troubled by their children.

D. The father's work was to teach the children at home.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者父亲有一套严格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions —or ‘motion study,’ as Dad and Mother named it.”可知，作者的家被认为是一种学校是因为孩子们被教导如何在里面工作得很好。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad wa s always the efficiency expert.”可知，签署图表的目的是为了帮助我们有效地做事。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“‘I can save forty-four seconds,’ he complained, ‘but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.’ It wasn't the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.”可知，父亲抱怨他没能缩短他的剃须时间。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven.”可知，作者以他父亲的管理而自豪。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

The more hours that young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation (相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.

What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”.

The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers. Resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?

That debate was already on display at a news briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications (含义). “There is a constant

relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers?” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a develo pmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families,” responded Belsky.

“NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations.” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely(不利地) affects children.

Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.

（1）Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.

A. develop greater ability in language

B. be easy to manage and less naughty

C. possess great risk-taking spirit

D. be greedy and mean to their classmates

（2）What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?

A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.

B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.

C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.

D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.

（3）In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means ________.

A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations

B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care

C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly

D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly

（4）According to Friedman, Cutting the number of hours in child care ________.

A. may prevent families from having the necessary financial sources

B. will make families unable to enjoy much of the social benefits

C. will result in subsequent behavioral difficulties in children

D. should be accompanied with the improvement in the quality of child care

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】调查显示，儿童早期在托管所呆的时间越长，对孩子的负面影响越大。但这里面很多细节之间的相互关联关系还需进一步的研究。

（1）细节理解题。题干：在优质托管所呆更长时间的孩子们会…根据文章中第二段的内容What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory(更重要的是，优质的儿童护理与智力、语言和记忆等智力技能的提高相关)，故A项（发展语言方面更强的能力。）正确，故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段内容对研究不确定内容的表述What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person.（不确定的是，是否托管所真能导致这些问题，以及是否可能有攻击性的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里呆时间长的孩子。也不清楚减少孩子在托管所的时间是否会减少孩子变成低劣的人的危险。）可知，C项（是否攻击性是长时间呆在托管所的直接结果。）和上文表述一致，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文Jay Belsky的观点“There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,”（托管时间和问题行为有不间断的联系，特别是涉及到攻击性以及问题行为。）Sarah Friedman陈述的观点中说：也有其他需要考虑的可能性。是的，这是一个快速的解决方法，托管更长时间和更多的问题有联系，简单的方法就是减少孩子托管的时间。故这里的it指的是“托管时间应该减少”，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。题干：根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间…。根据Friedman 的观点The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.（简单的方法是减少托管时间，但是那可能暗示着在经济方面对孩子的发展不利的家庭），故A项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来源。）与文章内容一致，选A.

【点评】关于细节理解题

用细节定位法：细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B)正确分析词语在句中的作用；C)熟练运用英语的句型转换；D)读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。

比如文章第4小题，首先根据题干内容“根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间…”，这里需要在文章中找到表述Friedman 观点的内容，所以快速定位在文章倒数第二段的内容“There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution-more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.”阅读四个选项，可发现A选项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来

源。）切合Friedman的观点，故选A。

10．阅读理解

Spanish Language & Culture Program

While improving your language skills, you can learn about Spanish culture. With the help, of courses in art, tourism, cinema and more....taught in Spanish.

Place: Alicante. Spain

Price: $ 3.495

Dates:

Program: from May 5th. 2019 to June 1st, 2019

Application: by March 1st, 2019Withdrawal: before April 1st.2019

Application:

Complete application

GPA:not less than 2.5.

$ 95 online application fee

Education completed: high school graduate

Program Details

You'll take 1 language course and 1 culture course. language courses meet for 60class hours/ 4 credits(学分). While culture courses meet for 20 hours/1 credit. Language and culture courses meet daily. Monday-Friday. Active learning of your courses may be scheduled for Fridays.

Before you leave for Alicante, you will choose your preferred courses and take a language placement exam. You'll be admitted to courses based on their availability. So it is in your best interest to have your home university agree with many courses before you set off for Alicante. To make sure that you receive the credit for the language level that is fit for you, have your home university pre-agree with courses at several levels before you leave for Spain. Please ask your advisor at your home university about credit guidelines.

Where You'll Study and Stay

Lying on one of Spain's most. attractive campuses, the University of Alicante allows you to take part in classes and activities: with Spanish and other international students.You can choose CEA housing or prepare your own independent housing. CEA housing will make every effort to match your housing requests.

（1）When can you take back your application?

A.On June 1st. 2019.

B.On April 1st .2019.

C.On May 5th, 2019.

D.On March 5th, 2019.

（2）What can we learn about this program?

A.Each of the courses costs $95.

B.High school freshmen can apply for it.

C.Students can get 5 credits after finishing the program.

D.Active learning courses should be booked ahead of time.

（3）What should you do before leaving for Alicante?

A.Gain as many credits as possible.

B.Prepare many choices of courses.

C.Improve your communication skill.

D.Try your chosen courses at your home university.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一个学习西班牙语和西班牙文化的项目。（1）考查细节理解。根据Dates部分中的“Withdrawal: by April1st, 2019”可知，在2019年4月1日之前可以撤回对这一项目的申请，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Program Details部分中的“You'll take 1 language course and 1 culture course. language courses meet for 60class hours/ 4 credits(学分). While culture courses meet for 20 hours/1 credit.”你将会有一门语言课，一门文化课程。语言课程上60个小时，获得4学分。文化课程上20个小时，获得1学分。可知，该项目结课时，学生一共可获得5个学分。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Program Details 部分中的“So it is in your best interest to have your home university agree with many courses before you set off for Alicante.”最好是在你去Alicante 之前，让你现在所在的大学同意你可选多种多样的课，可知，该项目不能保证你一定能选到你想上的课程，所以应该在前往Alicante之前准备好多种课程选择。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。