各国家中英文对照记忆

各国家中英文对照记忆

英文国籍后缀整理如下:

-ish:British(英国的),Spanish(西班牙的),Polish(波兰的),Swedish(瑞典的), Danish(丹麦的),Irish(爱尔兰的),Turkish(土耳其的)

-an:American(美国的),Canadian(加拿大的),Australian(澳大利亚的),Russian(俄国的),German(德国的)

-ese:Chinese(中国的),Japanese(日本的),Vietnamese(越南的[,vjetn?'mi:z]), Burmese([,b?:'mi:z] 缅甸的),Portuguese(['port??,giz]葡萄牙的)

-i:Iraqi([i'ra:ki] 伊拉克的),Kuwaiti([ku'weiti]科威特的),

Pakistani([,p?ki'st?ni]巴基斯坦人)

-ic:Icelandic(冰岛的),Pakistani([,p?ki'st?ni] 巴基斯坦的)

例外情况:New Zealander(新西兰的),French,Swiss(瑞士的),Greek(希腊的), Dutch(荷兰的),Thai(泰国的)

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01 The Language of Music A pain ter hangs his or her fini shed pictures on a wall, and every one can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it un til it is performed. Professi on al sin gers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical stude nt n eeds to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dan cer. Sin gers practice breathi ng every day, as their vocal chords would be in adequate without con trolled muscular support. String players practice moving the fin gers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm —two entirely different moveme nts. Sin gers and in strume nts have to be able to get every n ote perfectly in tune. Pia ni sts are spared this particular an xiety, for the no tes are already there, wait ing for them, and it is the pia no tun er s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the stri ng have to be coaxed not to sound like percussi on, and each overlapp ing tone has to sound clear. This problem of gett ing clear texture is one that confronts stude nt con ductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at con trolli ng these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Tech nique is of no use uni ess it is comb ined with musical kno wledge and un dersta nding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the Ianguage of music that they can enjoy perform ing works writte n in any cen tury. 02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Educati on is much more ope n-en ded and all-i nclusive tha n schooli ng. Educati on knows no boun ds. It can take place any where, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitche n or on a tractor. It in cludes both the formal lear ning that takes place in schools and the whole uni verse of in formal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, educati on quite ofte n produces surprises. A cha nee con versati on with a stra nger may lead a pers on to discover how little is known of other religi ons. People are en gaged in educati on from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an in tegral part of one Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be lear ned, whether they are the alphabet or an un dersta nding of the work ing of

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