模拟联合国background guide范本1

Enhancing Intellectual Property Rights to Attract Foreign Direct Investment

Introduction

Foreign direct investment (FDI):

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the act of establishing or acquiring a foreign subsidiary over which the investing firm has substantial management control. The location of a Multinational entrepreneur’s (MNE’s) headquarters is called the home or source country, in that the decision to invest is made there, while the location of the subsidiary is called the host or recipient country.

FDI is particularly important for host country because it is both a source of capital and a provider of knowledge about production techniques.

Foreign direct investment depends on many factors including macroeconomic factors, relative input costs, agglomeration effects, risk factors, and policy variables. Besides, recent studies and experiences tells that in addition to such factors mentioned above, intellectual property protection in host countries has taken on increasing role in attracting foreign direct investment.

Intellectual property rights (IPRs):

Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are important factors for multinational entrepreneurs (MNEs) on investment decisions because all forms of strong IPRs, such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets, provide protection for exporting firms against local copying of the product.

Usually host country applying strong IPRs therefore provide favorable environment for multinational entrepreneurs to increase the market size facing exporters and boost sales. However, relationship between IPRs and FDI are highly debated in the professional field.

The global system of intellectual property rights (IPRs) went through profound changes in the late 20th century. Developed countries undertook many approaches to protect their intellectual property. Regional agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and a series of Partnership Agreements under negotiation between the European Union and various Eastern European and Middle Eastern nations pay special attention to it. Globally, the multilateral agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights, or TRIPs, within the World Trade Organization (WTO) played crucial role to expand IPRs to greater significance.

The role of intellectual property rights in attracting foreign direct investment

Various studies give drastically different results on the relationship between IPR and FDI.

Two previous studies are more noteworthy. Lee and Mansfield (1996) used survey results to develop an index of perceived weakness of IPRs in destination countries on the part of U.S. firms. They find that weakness of IPRs has a significant negative impact on the location of American FDI. Further, in a sample of chemical firms the proportion of FDI devoted to final production or R&D facilities is negatively and significantly associated with weakness of protection. Overall, empirical evidence indicates that, other things equal, countries with stronger IPRs do attract more imports, though the effect varies across industries (Maskus and Penubarti, 1995). From these results, it appears that both the volume and quality of investment are diminished in countries with limited property rights.

However, studies by Teece in 1986 showed that firms would be more likely to engage in FDI in countries with weaker IPRs and contract-enforcement procedures. An implication is that as IPRs in a particular nation become stronger, firms would tend to choose more technology licensing and joint ventures and less FDI. This is the one identifiable theoretical case in which the strength of IPRs would be negatively associated with FDI flows.

Delegates should especially note that IPR take on different levels of importance with respect to attracting FDI. Investment in lower technology goods and services, such as textile and apparel, electronic assembly, distribution and hotels usually display little emphasize on IPR requirements during decision making. Investors with a product that is technologically advanced and hard to copy also shows l ittle interest in protection of IPR in host countries. However, companies with easy imitable products and technologies, such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food additives, and software are more dependent on the local IPRs system for protection against imitation. Such firms considering investing in local market would pay special attention to local patent protection.

Therefore, in theory, considering other factors in making investment decisions, FDI does not necessarily increase with a strengthening of intellectual property rights, but there is emerging empirical evidence in favor of that hypothesis.

International frameworks and major actors

The WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), negotiated in the 1986-94 Uruguay Round, introduced intellectual property rules into the multilateral trading system for the first time. The TRIPS Agreement has an additional important principle: intellectual property protection should contribute to technical innovation and the transfer of technology. Both producers and users should benefit, and economic and social welfare should be enhanced, the agreement says.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a specialized agency of the United Nations is dedicated to developing a balanced and accessible international intellectual property system, which rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to economic development while safeguarding the public interest. WIPO was established in 1967 with a mandate from its Member States to promote the protection of IP throughout the world through cooperation among states and in collaboration with other international organizations.

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, which adhering countries are committed to promote, stipulate that enterprises should adopt practices that “permit the transfer and rapid diffusion of technologies and know-how, with due regard to the protection of intellectual property rights”.------ The OECD Declaration and Decisions on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, Annex I, Section VII.2.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) established the Intellectual Property Programme Division on Investment and Enterprise which seeks to help developing countries participate effectively in international discussions on intellectual property rights and at the national level, to help ensure that their IP policies are consonant with development objectives.

Intellectual property rights in a broader context

Despite the narrow focus on IPR to facilitate trade and attract FDI, however, Many analysts claim that strong IPRs play a much larger role in signaling to potential investors that a particular country recognizes and protects the rights of foreign firms to make strategic business decisions with few government impediments (Sherwood, 1990) As intellectual property protection has taken on increasing importance to MNEs, the application of a strong IPRs for governments in emerging markets are regarded as way to achieve better investment friendly environment.

This explains why several poor countries with limited technical capabilities unilaterally have strengthened their IPRs laws and enforcement in the 1990s, despite serious questions about the wisdom of doing so. They prefer not to be left behind in the global competition for capital and technology. It also helps explain the universal acceptance of the TRIPs agreement.

Enforcing IPRs and dispute solutions

The agreements and laws are dimmed of their legal significance unless properly enforced. According to TRIPS, “governments have to ensure that intellectual property rights can be enforced under their laws, and that the penalties for infringement are tough enough to deter further violations. The procedures must be fair and equitable, and not unnecessarily complicated or costly. They should not entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays. People involved should be able to ask a court to review an administrative decision or to appeal a lower court’s ruling.”

The TRIPS also describes in detail how enforcement should be handled, including rules for obtaining evidence, provisional measures, injunctions, damages and other penalties. Willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale should be criminal offences. Governments should make sure that intellectual property rights owners can receive the assistance of customs authorities to prevent imports of counterfeit and pirated goods.

The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center was established in 1994 to offer Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) options, in particular arbitration and mediation, for the resolution of international commercial disputes between private parties. Developed by leading experts in cross-border dispute settlement, the procedures offered by the Center are widely recognized as particularly appropriate for technology, entertainment and other disputes involving intellectual property.

Is IPR a way to secure monopoly?

The global harmonisation of intellectual property legislation under the World Trade Organization (WTO) has also been criticized, for example by the alter-globalisation movement. It argued that the exclusive rights granted by intellectual property laws are generally negative in nature, and therefore only grant the holder of IP the ability to exclude third parties from infringing on their monopoly.

On October 4, 2004, the General Assembly of the World Intellectual Property Organization agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO". This proposal was strongly supported by developing countries, as well as by a large contingent of civil society. Prior to the General Assembly meeting, hundreds of nonprofits, scientists, academics and other individuals had signed the "Geneva Declaration on the Future of WIPO," which calls on WIPO to focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development - not as an end in itself.

Case study: intellectual property rights in China:

As cited above, policymakers in both the developed and less developed worlds have increasingly considered intellectual property protection as a major means to attract foreign direct investment. However, stronger intellectual property protection is not always needed to attract such investment. In the case of China, foreign investors were not attracted by the strong intellectual property protection the country offers. Rather, they entered the Chinese market because of “the drastically lower production costs, the country’s enormous market, its inefficient economic system and the preferential treatment of foreign investors”.

‘Since 1983, FDI [in China] has grown from less than $1 billion a year to more than $60 billion, and it is projected to soon reach $100 billion annually’ (Navarro, 2007, p. 13). Today, China is one

of the world’s largest recipients of FDI with capital inflows of ab out $50 billion, behind the United States and the United Kingdom (Chow, 2007, p. 198). Such an influx of FDI not only provides China with the foreign capital needed for economic modernization, but also results in technology transfer, job creation, development of human capital and generation of tax revenues (Sherwood, 1990, pp. 191–199).

As pointed out earlier, strong intellectual property protection is not always needed for attracting FDI. In fact, stronger protection may reduce investment by encouraging investors to conduct arm’s-length transactions by licensing their products. Such protection would also reduce the net gains in economic welfare from increased FDI by incurring significant costs, such as administrative and enforcement costs, adjustment costs due to labor displacement, social costs associated with monopoly pricing, higher imitation and innovation costs and potential costs resulting from the abuse of intellectual property rights (Maskus, Dougherty and Mertha, 2005, pp. 302–306).

the drasticall y lower production costs, the country’s enormous market, its inefficient economic system and the preferential treatment of foreign investors have all helped to attract FDI in China. Because these factors more than compensate for the country’s weak intellec tual property protection, FDI in China increased substantially despite limited intellectual property protection in the country. China therefore is not an exception to the causal relationship between intellectual property protection and FDI, but an ideal case study to illustrate the ambiguity of this relationship and the complex interactions between the many location advantages that affect private investment decisions. After all, as Keith Maskus pointed out, if stronger intellectual property protection alway s led to more FDI, ‘recent FDI flows to developing economies would have gone largely to sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe . . . [rather than] China, Brazil, and other high-growth, large-market developing economies with weak IPRs’ (Maskus, 1998, p. 129).

Although the piracy and counterfeiting problems in China have been widely reported in the media in the past decade, the protection of intellectual property rights took a giant leap in recent years.

At present, China is a proud member of many multilateral intellectual property agreements, including the Berne Convention, Geneva Convention, Paris Convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty and UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants).

In November 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Since joining the WTO, China has further strengthened its legal framework and amended its IPR laws and regulations in compliance with the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

China made such progress not only to respond to external pressure, but also because IPR protection becomes more and more important for its self-interest. Compared to a decade ago, a number of Chinese companies have now achieved prominence in the international market, with their trademarks being recognized as well-known outside China (Sull with Wang, 2005). Examples of these famous local brands include Galanz (for microwave ovens), Haier (for household appliances), Huawei Technologies (for telecommunications equipment), Konka (for televisions)

and TCL (for televisions). As China increases its exports of goods branded with globally recognized local trademarks, the importance of intellectual property protection to the country’s future economic development cannot be ignored.

similar transformations occurred in Japan in the 1970s and in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan in the 1980s—and even in Germany and the United States many decades ago (Assafa, 1996, p. 120; Kingston, 2005, p. 658). It is only a matter of time before China joins its more developed neighbors in championing the cause for stronger intellectual property protection.

Conclusion and questions to consider

What kind of FDI is prevalent in your country and is IPR important in protecting the FDI?

What are the consequences if your country apply strong IPR?

What are its affects on developing countries and least developed countries?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/ip/wipo/genevadeclaration.html

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm7_e.htm

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/njtip/vol5/iss3/3/

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/ip/wipo/genevadeclaration.html

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/article.asp?articleid=74520

http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/arbitration/

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6018817559.html,/fortune/2006-04/27/content_4483322.htm

The Role of Intellectual Property in Promoting International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment, Chow, Daniel C. K. (2007)

How Trade-Related Are Intellectual Property Rights?, Maskus, Keith E. and Mohan Penubarti (1995)

Intellectual Property and Economic Development, Sherwood, Robert M. (1990)

Intellectual Property, Foreign Direct Investment and the China Exception, Peter K. Yu (2009)

Intellectual Property Policy for Non-industrial Countries, Assafa, Endeshaw (1996),

Intellectual Property Protection and U.S. Foreign Direct Investment, Lee, Jeong-Yeon and Mansfield, Edwin (1996),

The Coming China Wars: Where They Will Be Fought and How They Can Be Won, Navarro, Peter (2007)

The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Transfer, Keith E. Maskus

练习联合国大会基本用语

模拟联合国大会基本用语 开头: 1、请大会主席团成员和工作小组成员就位。 2、Distinguished delegates, now we’re going to have the roll call. Please raise you placard and answer ‘present!’(现在大会开始点名) 3、 There are [A] delegates present, the Simple Majority is [B], the two-thirds Majority is [C] and 20% of All is [D]. 名结束,本会场本分组会议共有[A]位代表出席,简单多数为[B],2/3多数为[C],20%数为[D]。 4、现在我宣布首届模拟联合国大会正式开会。 5、大会首先对叙利亚问题进行讨论,需要发言的国家请举牌。 6、现在请X国代表上台对本国立场进行2分钟的陈述。 (正式辩论): 1、下面有请X国代表上台发言,时间60秒。 2、Now the Speakers’ List is open. Delegates, who want to be added in the Speakers’ Lis t, please raise your placards. 现在开启正式辩论发言名单,请希望被列入主发言名单的国家高举国家牌。注意点国家名时注意速度,以便主席助理记录 3让渡时间 3.1让渡给主席 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席:谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间? 代表:让渡给主席。 The Chair: Thank you.(主席:谢谢) 3.2让渡给其他代表 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席:谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间?Delegate: I would like to yield my time to (India) 代表:让渡给印度代表 The Chair: Thank you. Delegate of India, now you have X seconds. 主席:谢谢。印度代表,现在您有X秒的发言时间。 3.3让渡给问题 The Chair: Thank you, delegate. You have X seconds left. Would you like to yield your time? 主席:谢谢X国代表,您还有__秒的发言时间。请问是否愿意让渡你的发言时间?Delegate: I would like to yield my time to question. 代表:让渡给问题。 The Chair: Thank you. All those delegates who want to ask questions to X国, please raise your placards. 主席:谢谢。下面代表们可以就X国代表发言提问,希望提问的代表请举牌。 The Chair: Thank you, dear delegate. Your time is up. 主席:谢谢x国代表,您的发言时间结束。

模拟联合国大会中英对照发言稿,非常实用

Distinguisheddelegates, ladies and gentlemen, thanks for giving me the privilege to be the firs t speaker. I cannot begin today’s speech without reflecting on the criminal challenge so brutally thrown in our faces 28 days ago and on the severe threat of the Kilo virus to Germany and to the whole world. 尊敬的代表,女士们先生们,非常感谢得此机会成为第一位讲者。在开始今天的讲话之前,我无法不回想起28天前我们所遭遇的暴行,更不得不香气Kilo 病毒对德国乃至对全世界的严重威胁。 Today, 1167 Germans are dead or dying; infected people are estimated to be more than half a million. Today, the whole Germany has fallen into the desperation of fighting against the virus. Today is the 28th day after the Braunschweig crisis. 今天,1167为德国公民丧命或病危,染病人数预估超过超过50万。 今天,全德国已经陷入对抗疾病的境遇。 今天,是布伦瑞克遇袭的28天之后。 Twenty-eight days ago, more than 500 terrorists attacked Brauschweig. 37 policemen and 51 citizens died in this riot; thousands of people were wounded; buildings were burnt down; and the city was packed with tears, sadness and sorrows. Thanks to the brave men and women, it was their dedication and sacrifices that defended against the attack and protected the city. However, the situation became even worse after the attack.On that day, the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research also fell into ruins. Important experiments were disturbed and valuable documents were damaged. In the center, one of the most significant experiments was to modify the RNA sequence of the Kilo virus, which was designed to produce the vaccine. Nevertheless, our first experiment failed. What we got was merely a virus with longer incubation (5 days) and more aggressive behaviors of the patients. What’s worse, receptors of the new Kilo virus, namely 3 chimpanzees, which were supposed to be killed on the crisis day, disappeared in the fire. 35% of the research materials were burnt.It was believed that it was these chimpanzees that spread the virus to wounded citizens via blood. Since the Kilo carrier behaved absolutely normal during the incubation period, it was too late when we realized the situation and took corresponding measures. 28天前,逾500名恐怖分子袭击了布伦瑞克,37名警员及51位市民在暴动中丧命,数千名民众受伤,建筑物被烧毁:整个城市都充斥着泪水与悲伤。感谢英勇的人们,是你们的风险与牺牲守护了城市地月利息及。然而,袭击之后,情况仍旧愈演愈烈。在恐怖袭击当天,亥姆霍兹感染研究中心也沦为一片废墟:重要试验被迫打断,珍贵文书遭到摧毁。而该中心最为重要的一个实验则是通过修改Kilo病毒的RNA序列研制相应疫苗。然而,初次实验以失败告终。改变序列后的病毒只是潜伏期变为5天,患者发病后会变得更为残暴。更可怕的是,变异Kilo 病毒的接种实验体,也就是三只猩猩,原本应在布伦瑞克遇袭当天被处理掉,但却在大火中失去踪迹。不仅如此,研究文件仅剩65%。据悉,三只猩猩很可能是病毒传染源,通过血液传染给受伤的市民。由于Kilo病毒的携带者在潜伏期表现得与常人无异,当我们意识到形势之严峻时,采取相应举措为时已晚。

模拟联合国专业用语

模拟联合国重要词汇(部分含中英对照) 代表,delegate ; 代表团,delegation ; 委员会,committee ; 演讲,public speaking ; 辩论,debate ; 协商,negotiation ; 合作,collaboration ; 正式辩论,formal debate ; 非正式辩论,informal debate ; 简单多数,simple majority 三分之二多数,Two-thirds majority 主席团,Members of the Dais ; 主席,Chair ; 会议指导,Director ; 主席助理,Rapporteur ; 发言人名单,Speakers' list 流程规则,Rules of procedure 点名,Roll call 确定议题,Setting the agenda 让渡Yield Yield time to another delegate / comments / questions / the Chair 动议,Motion ; Motion to set speaking time(更改发言时间) /suspend the meeting(暂时中断正式辩论) /close debate (结束辩论) 问题,Point ; Point of order(组织性问题)/inquiry(咨询性问题)/ Personal privilege(个人特权) 有主持核心磋商,Moderated Caucus 自由磋商,Unmoderated Caucus 立场文件,Position paper ; 工作文件,working paper 决议草案,Resolution ; 修正案,Amendment ; 友好修正案,friendly amendment ; 非友好修正案,unfriendly amendment 游说,lobby ; 国家牌Placard; 起草国,Sponsors; 复议国,Signature 到场,Present ; 缺席,Absent 弃权,Abstain;赞成,Yes ; 反对,No 序言性条款开头动词的一些积极词汇 Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Bearing in mind Believing

模拟联合国发言稿范文

( 演讲稿 ) 单位:_________________________姓名:_________________________日期:_________________________ 精品文档 / Word文档 / 文字可改 模拟联合国发言稿范文 Model UN statement

模拟联合国发言稿范文 1.首先说你的国家或你所在的国家联盟是否支持中亚无核区的建立; 2.再简要追溯核武器对中亚各国经济、政治、文化、人权等的影响; 3.强调核武器对中亚乃至世界各国的潜在威胁; 4.最后再次重申自己的立场。 (建议:1.语言简洁、官方。2.多查背景资料,发言时尽量用资料上的语言。 3.把发言稿背下来,脱稿发言。 4.多练几次,把握好时间,不多不少。) 尊敬的主席,

各位女士们,先生们。 21世纪是知识经济时代,而知识产权是知识经济的支柱之一。为了使知识产权更好地为本国经济发展服务,一方面不断完善知识产权法律体系,另一方面不断提高服务质量,争取国内国际的知识产权政策都能限度地维护本国利益。 一是尽快完善知识产权法律体系,使它更能满足国家经济发展的需要。因为我国多为中小型企业,中小企业管理知识产权资产水平不足,企业内部未形成一套高效的管理体制,如未定期对知识产权资产进行规整,将对企业发展非常不利。 其次要尽快统一各国专利法,实施产权共享。但我建议进行分化统一。即在发展中国家中制定一个方案,在发达国家中指定一个方案,这样两类国家互不干扰。 再者是加强国际合作,在全球知识产权保护政策中争取自己的利益。我国在国际合作中的行动原则,是维持自己在国际上的声誉,加强我国作为中等知识产权国家的影响力,积极参与多边合作,争取利益。

模拟联合国立场文件范文

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模联发言稿

模联发言稿(一)亲爱的模联社团的老师们、亲爱同学们:谢谢朱老师和赵老师给我提供这样一个机会,让我跟学弟学妹们交流参加模联活动的一些心得和体会。一年前,我和你们一样,对模联是陌生的。模拟联合国是怎么回事,说简单了就是由学生扮演外交官代表不同国家的立场,出席联合国会议,探讨国际问题。模联活动说白了就是按部就班的流程,首先确定议题,各国写出立场文件,阐述立场,由此写出决议草案,再讨论决议草案通过不通过。关于模联详细的流程和规则,模联社团的老师在随后的培训中会给大家解释。我在这里不再展开。我想给大家交流的是我参加模联培训过程中的一些感受。我要告诉大家的第一点是一定要学好英语。我们学英语不只是为了在试卷上选 abc, 从而取得高分,如果只是这样的话,那我们花费大量的时间来学英语,岂不是太浪费了。在美国有一个着名的脱口秀演员叫黄西,曾经说过一个段子:儿子问他为什么要学中英文这两种语言,他对儿子讲,等你将来成为美国总统时,需要用英文来签署法律文件,用中文来和你的债权人沟通。(因为中国是美国最大的债权国)。这当然是一个笑话,可是今天,世界正在一体化,英语作为最发达国家的官方语言,作为联合国的主要工作语言,我们作为某国驻联合国代表要用英语来阐述自己的立场,签署文件,这就决定了英语学习对我们新世纪新新人类的意义。因此学英语要学活的英语,要练听、说、读、写,而模联社团就给你提供了这样一个平台和机会。我们作为英语的初学者,最重要的方法就是模仿,要反复跟着磁带模仿发音,模仿语音和语调,长期坚持,你会讲一口漂亮的英语,我希望每一个学弟学妹们都有机会站在联大的讲台上用漂亮的英文发言。第二点体会:克服困难,挑战自我。模联只是一个活动,是学有余力的同学锻炼自己的平台,它不可能代替小升初考试,代替中考和高考,因此不要带着功利的目标来模联。我希望同学们能有心理准备,模联训练是一个艰苦而长期的训练,你将要牺牲很多休息和娱乐的时间来读懂生词连篇的背景文件;用中文都很难写成的立场文件,需要你用英文写出来;你可能带稿子发言都会紧张、发抖,可能你经过一段时间的培训后,依旧会觉得很困难,甚至想退出。这时候一定要坚持,要顶住压力。支持我们坚持下去的动力是什么?通过模联活动,你的演讲能力,沟通交流的能力都会得到很大的提升,经过培训你会从发言紧张到在众人的注视下从容镇定。而这些能力是一个 leader 即领导者应当具备的基本素质。想一想在这个世界上还有很多儿童生活在贫困线下,还有很多人因肤色而被歧视,还有很多人生活在战争的阴影之下,学弟学妹们,你们想改变现状吗?你们想为世界变得更公平、美好、和平而贡献一份力量吗?你们想成为一个关注世界、影响世界的人吗?你们想成为一个领导者吗?那就来模联吧!今天你在模联的讲台上锻炼自己,明天就会站在真实联大的舞台上。我觉得有一句话说得很好:心有多大,舞台就有多大!希望学弟学妹们坚持不懈,通过长期培训,在模联活动中取得好成绩,展示我们河南省实验小学学生的风采。谢谢大家 ! 模联发言稿(二)尊敬的icu执行团队成员,尊敬的六校模联代表,各位来宾:下午好!首先,我谨代表东北师范大学代表团和东北师大模拟联合国协会,向吉林大学首届模拟联合国大会的成功举办表示热烈的祝贺!接下来,我想对于什么是模联这个问题说说我的想法,并愿与大家共勉。在我看来,模联是一个过程,它是一个让代表们开阔眼界、广交朋友、锻炼口才、训练思维和培养团队意识的过程,在会议期间,我看到了代表们在台上侃侃而谈,尽情的展示着自己的风采,不同立场之间的碰撞又在无形之中开阔了我们的视野,训练了我们快速反应的能力,但更让我看到了代表们在一起的团队合作精神,因为模联不仅仅需要有扞卫自己利益立场的勇气,更要有相互间合作和妥协的精神。而在合作和妥协之中,我们又结成了深厚的友谊,这实在是一举五得,而似乎也只有模联才能同时给予我们这些。

模拟联合国用语范例

模拟联合国用语范例 Revised final draft November 26, 2020

立场文件格式P P 立场文件格式: 代表: (学校:) 国家: 部门:(,ECOSOC等) 议题: 正文:第一段对议题的概述。 第二段国际其他组织或以前出过什么决议等,采取过什么措施。 第三段自己国家的立场,观点,以及针对议题采取了什么措施,将要采取什么措施。 第四段希望与什么国家或组织合作,怎样合作,达到什么目的,并简短总结。 模拟联合国用语范例 1.主席团介绍 The Chair: Ladies and Gentlemen, My name is …, the Chair of today’s conference.(welcome). I would like to introduce the secretariat’s member of the …commission. To my left, is the Director……To my right is the Rapporteur… 主席:各位代表,我是今天的会议主席××。欢迎大家参加大会,在此对诸位代表的到来表示衷心的欢迎。现在我将先介绍主席团成员。在我左边的是会议指导××,右边的是主席助理××。 The Director: I’m…, the Director of today’s conference. All the files, including working papers, draft resolutions, amendments will directly come to me and any other questions are welcome. 会议指导:大家好,我是今天会议的会议指导××。会议中的所有文件,包括工作文件、决议草案、修正案都应提交给我。同时也欢迎大家提问。 The Rapporteur: Good afternoon, I’m…, the Rapporteur of today’s conference. 主席助理:大家好,我是今天的主席助理××。 2.点名 Roll Call The Chair: Now the rapporteur will do the roll call. All delegates please raise your placard and say ‘present’ when your nation’s name is called. 主席:下面进行点名。被点到国家名的代表请举牌并答“到”。 The Rapporteur: Afghanistan. Delegate of Afghanistan: Present. The Rapporteur: Afghanistan is present. 主席助理:阿富汗。 阿富汗代表:到。 主席助理:阿富汗代表到场。 *点名结束之后,主席助理需要申明出席代表数目,是否符合召开会议的要求,简单多数、三分之二多数、百分之二十的代表数。并重申迟到的国家需要向主席团提交意象条,并随时更新相应代表数。 *正式辩论之前重申相应规则,如上台发言,正式辩论不可二次让渡时间等等。

许吉如的演讲稿

许吉如,南外2010届毕业生,当年保送清华大学法学院,本科毕业后入读哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院研究生。她曾是南京申办2014年青奥会形象大使,2010年2月随中国代表团赴温哥华申奥。曾获全国优秀团员、江苏省十佳青年学生、“希望之星”英语风采大赛高中组冠军、全国英语演讲比赛冠军、2008年北京大学模拟联合国最高奖最佳代表奖和单项奖最佳口语奖等。 国家赋予年轻人最好的礼物是什么 演讲时间:2016年7月8日 ——哈佛毕业生许吉如在《我是演说家第三季》第1期的励志演讲稿 我想请现场的男生去设想或者去回忆一个场景:你的女朋友板着脸站在一边,忽然很委屈地哭出来了。你问她什么她都不开口,“宝宝心里苦,但是宝宝不说”。这个时候你心里很慌张,你想:“不对啊,怎么回事呢?上个月看中的包我买了呀,昨天的朋友圈我点赞了的呀,前天前女友发过来的短信我删掉了的呀。”这个时候大小姐终于开口了,她说:“我也不知道为什么,就是没有安全感了。” 这个时候你的内心是崩溃的,因为这是她第101次跟你提出“安全感”的概念。鼓掌的那个哥们儿,可能你女朋友跟你提了200次。 这个时候男生会很沉默,对吧?你女朋友看你不说话她

很慌啊,她就跑到网上去发帖子,叫《跟男朋友说没有安全感,男朋友不理我了。姐妹们我该怎么办?在线等,挺急的。》这种帖子底下,一般回应也不会太多的。但通常会有一个饱经沧桑的老司机说一句废话,而这个废话被你的妹子誉为真理。 这个老司机说:“妹子,安全感不是男朋友给的。安全感是我们自己给自己的喔!”这个老司机说的其实没有错,生活中的安全感是我们自己给自己的。好好工作,会有物质上的安全感;好好学习,会有期末考试的安全感;“不作死就不会死”,会有爱情的安全感。 安全感的本质是我们用自己的努力和生活进行的一场等价交换。但是今天我想说的,是一份不基于任何条件,不需要努力,我们往往“身在福中而不知福”的安全感。 今年春天,我们学院组织学生去各个国家实地调研。我选择了去位于中东地区的以色列。这个国家多灾多难,但又是国际强国,所以我对它充满了兴趣。有两个细节奠定了我对于这个国家的看法:第一个细节发生在机场,当时我托运行李。大家都知道托运行李一般只需要5——10分钟,不会问你太多问题,对吗?但是那一天,以色列的安检人员对我进行了足足半个小时的盘问,“你叫什么?姓什么?从哪里来到哪里去?念过什么学校?做过什么工作?写过什么论文?去过哪些国家?有过什么梦想?爱过谁?”全部都要

模拟联合国会议常用用语

Badge 胸卡 Deprive the right to vote 取消表决权 Close the debate 结束辩论 Director 会议指导 Deputy 副代表 Head delegate 代表团团长,领队 Head of delegation 代表团团长 Faculty advisor 代表团指导 Delegation bloc 代表团 Distribution 分发 Document officer 文件分发人员 Drafting committee 起草委员会 Draw lots 抽签 Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对(简单)多数选出Enjoy privileges 享受特权 Entry into force 开始生效 Executive secretary 执行秘书 Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权 Explain one’s rote 对所投的票加以说明 Extend the term of office 延长任期 Extraodinary session 特别会议 Fill a vacancy 补缺

Final report 最后报告 First ballot 第一次投票表决 First priority 最优先项目 Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表 Foot-note 脚注 Gallery 旁听席 General committee 总务委员会 General debate 一般性辩论 Geographical distribution 按地域分配 Give a ruling 作出裁定 Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言机会让给Give up the office to chair man 放弃主席的职务 Go back upon a vote 重新表决 Governing body 执行机构 Hand over the chair to the vice-chairman 让副主席担任主席Have priority 有优先权 Have the initiative 有倡议权 Heading 标题 Honorary president 名誉主席(会长) Host country 东道国 I am authorized by my government 我受本国政府授权 I ask for the floor 我请求发言

模拟联合国立场发言稿

立场发言稿 谢谢主席。 Thank you for the chair. 尊敬的主席,尊敬的各国代表,下面我谨代表菲律宾政府陈述我国对待如何应对全球气候变化的建议。 Honerable chair and dear delegate ,this is the representative of Phillipine,here is my brief speech 近些年来全球气候异常,各国对于气候变化愈加关注。在多国的努力下,达成了京都议定书等公约。然而公约的执行并不如人意,应对气候变化仍是当前迫在眉睫的问题。菲律宾作为一个负责任的国家,一直以来密切关注着气候变化问题,积极参与关于气候变化的各个国际会议,是京都议定书缔约国之一。与此同时,在国内,菲律宾政府也积极推动低碳环保政策,并于2009年颁布了气候变化法。 During recent years, the world’s climate changes abnormally,every country pays more and more attention to climate efforts of many countries,Kyoto Protocal has been ,the implementation is below with climate changes staring us in the a responsible country,Philippine has been keeping an eye on climate changes and taking an active part in many meetings on climate the same time,we enact Climate Change Law in 2009 and promote low-carbon enviromental friendly policy. 关于应对全球气候变化,菲律宾有如下建议: About how to deal with global climate changes,Philippine has following suggestions: 1、建立双赢的技术推广机制和互利技术合作。发达国家应更加积极地兑现承诺;发展中国家应更加主动地承担减排责任。例如我们可以制定一个类似于分期付款的制度。稍后我将详细解释; Firstly, win-win mechanism should be set can set up a win-win mechanism popularizing techinology and improving mutual-beneficial cooperation with which developed countries can make good on the promise and developing countries can play a more important role in carbon dioxide emission. 2、在联合国框架之下,建立一个全球性的关于温室气体回收存储技术的研究机构。向全世界征集关于该问题有所研究的权威专家,建立人才库,每年向其提供一定的科研资金。其研究成果归全人类共享。 We can set up a research institution on the techonology of recovery and storing of GHG. under the framework of UN and set up a talent pool by calling together the scientists who do research on it all around the year,UN give a fund to it for the achievements of it will be shared by all people around the world. 3、建立一个类似于国际红十字会的组织,为气候变化建立一个基金会组织。该基金会组织在各缔约国均设有分部,由各国政府直接领导。 A fund organization similar to International Red Cross should be set up to give support to climate organization sets branch in every country leading by the government. 4、在联合国框架下建立监督机制,监督各缔约国义务履行。 A monitoring mechanism should be set up under the framework of the United Nations,monitoring each party’s implemention.

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