泄露天机·2015年江西省高考押题精粹-英语试题_Word版含答案

泄露天机——2015年江西省高考押题精粹

英语

本卷共18题，三种题型：阅读理解、英语知识运用和写作。阅读理解10小题，英语知识运用4小题，写作4小题。

第一部分阅读理解 (共10小题)

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

A1

A report from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences' Commission reveals that, due to a job market which disproportionately rewards graduates in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, more and more students are seeking degrees in business and hard-science subjects.

Some institutions have responded by cutting budgets in the arts and humanities and directing those funds elsewhere. That's the wrong thing to do. The humanities study of languages, literature, history, philosophy, religion, ethics, etc.-and the arts are vital to our future. We should be investing more funds, more time and more expertise, not less, into these endeavors.

What detractors（诋毁者）of the "soft" subjects miss is that the arts and humanities provide an essential framework and context for understanding the wider world. Studying the humanities strengthens the ability to communicate and work with others. It allows students to develop broad intellectual and cultural understanding; it nurtures creativity and deepens participation in public discourse and modem democracy.

The commission's report points out that "at the very moment when China is seeking to adopt our model of broad education in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences as a stimulus to invention, the United States is instead narrowing our focus and abandoning our sense of what education has been and should continue to be our sense of what makes America great."

These are the telling statistics: First, federal funding for helping American students include international training in their education has been cut 41 percent in four years. Second, the National Assessment of Educational Progress test shows that only less than a quarter of eighth- and 12th-grade US students are proficient in reading, writing and civics.

How can we possibly equip the US for its leadership role in an increasingly connected world if we are not adequately teaching students to communicate and helping them understand and encounter diverse perspectives? If we fail to invest in the arts and humanities, our country's future leaders will not have the ability to connect on an emotional level with others. This ability is developed by studying the humanities, and in the global community this skill is not optional - it's essential.

In a word, we must enthusiastically support and fund the study of the arts and humanities. For anyone concerned with how this translates into a sound economy and a sound financial future, simply recall what Steve Jobs told graduates of Stanford University in 2005: One of the most influential experiences in his brief time at Reed College was his exposure to the fine art of

calligraphy（书法）．It taught him the important lesson of the relationship between discipline and creativity.

1. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Business and hard-science subjects are based upon the arts and humanities.

B. At present too much emphasis and investment are put on science in America.

C. More students will learn the arts and humanities instead of science in the USA.

D. China has spent more money in the humanities and social sciences than the USA.

2. The author mentions Steve Jobs in the last paragraph to prove that _____.

A. science has a close relationship with the arts and humanities

B. investment in the arts and humanities promotes economic development

C. calligraphy plays a determining role in Steve Jobs' accomplishment

D. Reed College supports and funds the study of the arts and humanities

3. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A. Significance of arts and humanities

B. Key qualities of future leaders

C. Decline of arts and humanities

D. Rise and fall of hard sciences

答案：1.B 2.B 3.A

解析：

1.B，推断题，根据第一段最后一句话：more and more students are seeking degrees in business and hard-science subjects.越来越多的学生学习理科和商业说明现在国家把重点和投资投在了这些方面。

2.B，细节推断题，举Steve Jobs的例子，就是为了证明上句话：For anyone concerned with how this translates into a sound economy and a sound financial future,投资和支持艺术与人文科学可以促进经济的发展。

3.A，主旨题，文章最后一段总结全文，反映题目，它强调了艺术和人文科学的重要性。

A2

Fuel Cell Technology for Cars

Fill her up with hydrogen? That's what some

California motorists may be saying soon, as car makers try

to speed up production of zero emission（零排放）cars to

meet state requirements in the near future.

Beneath the skin of this ordinary looking Hondas

FCX Concept Vehicle sits an electro-chemical reactor: a

hand built, astronomically expensive power plant known

as a fuel cell. It's expected to be running ordinary family cars on California's roads within three years.

So what exactly is a fuel cell, anyway? Why are governments, private businesses and academic institutions cooperating to develop and produce them? A fuel cell, very simply described, is a power generator, making electricity through the combination of hydrogen and oxygen. Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution, unlike power sources that use fossil fuels, the only by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water. To be more technical

about it, a hydrogen atom with its one electron, attempts to pass through a fuel cell membrane（膜）to unite with an oxygen atom. The membrane allows only the hydrogen proton（质子）to pass through, forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side. This creates electricity, water, and heat, but no exhaust emissions.

If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen, it has the potential to be up to 80-percent efficient, That is, it turns 80 percent of the energy content of the hydrogen into electrical energy. However, we still need to turn the electrical energy into mechanical work. This is accomplished by the electric motor. A reasonable number for the efficiency of the motor is about 80 percent. So we have 80-percent efficiency in generating electricity, and 80-percent efficiency turning it into mechanical power. That gives an overall efficiency of about64 percent. Honda's FCX concept vehicle reportedly has 60-percent energy efficiency, which is twice or even three times more efficient than usual cars.

But in spite of all the advantages described above, experts say, "We still have technical challenges getting this extremely complex system to work properly, the way customers expect it to work. There are challenges in using new fuels, and providing the new fuel basic facilities. And before fuel cell vehicles hit the road, there will have to be a network of hydrogen stations that will allow drivers to fill up with the flammable gas, under 36-hundred pounds of pressure."

4. What can be inferred from California's "zero emissions policy"?

A. New cars with fuel cell technology will surely become much cheaper.

B. By carrying out the policy, traffic will not be so busy as it is now.

C. The quality of life in California will improve once this policy is in effect.

D. With facilities of new kinds, more local employment will be created.

5. What does the phrase "power plant" refer to?

A. A power device generating electricity.

B. A power station providing electricity.

C. A power component consuming electricity.

D. A power engine using electricity.

6. One of the reasons why fuel cell powered vehicles are superior is that . .

A. they give out almost no wat er or heat

B. they run faster and more smoothly

C. they give out almost no noise

D. they turn 64% of the energy into electricity

7. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A. Customers will not think it a good idea to develop fuel cell technology.

B. It is still not very easy to speed up production of zero emission cars.

C. We can't ignore the financial problems to build a network of hydrogen stations.

D. We still have much difficulty turning all the chains of the business into reality.

答案：4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D

解析：

4. C，推断题，如果汽车零排放政策生效后，那么市民的生活质量一定会提高，因为污染减少了，故答案选C，其他选项没有道理。

5.A，词义猜测题，根据句子结构可知，power plant就是指的后面的fuel cell（燃料电池），还有下段中句子A fuel cell, very simply described, is a power generator, making electricity through the combination of hydrogen and oxygen.。故据此推断答案选A，一个发电装置。

6.C，细节题，根据第三段中句子：Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution。燃料电池发电安静、高效、无污染。

7.D，细节题，根据第一句话：But in spite of all the advantages described above, experts say, "We still have technical challenges getting this extremely complex system to work properly,可知，现在利用该项技术还有较大挑战。

A3

When DeKalb Walcott III was just 8 years old, his father, a Chicago fire chief, let him tag along on a call. DeKalb says a lot of kids idolized basketball player Michael Jordan when he was growing up in Chicago in the 1990s. Not him.

"I wanted to be like DeKalb Walcott Jr.," he says of his father.

So when his dad asked if he wanted to go on that call with him when he was 8, DeKalb was excited. "I'm jumping up and down, saying, "Mom, can I go? Can I go?' "

The experience changed DeKalb’s life, he tells his dad on a visit to Story Corps. "My eyes got big from the moment the alarm went off." the younger DeKalb says. “This is the life tha t I want to live someday.”

Now 27, the younger DeKalb is living that life. He became a firefighter at 21 and went to work alongside his dad at the Chicago Fire Department. Before his father retired, the pair even went out on a call together — father supervising（监督）son.

"You know, it's everything for me to watch you grow," his father says. But he also recalls worrying about one particular fire that his son faced.

"I received a phone call that night. And they said, 'Well, your son was at this fire.' I said, 'OK, which way is this conversation going to go?' “DeKalb Walcott Jr. recalls.

"And they said, 'but he's OK. And he put it out all by himself. Everybody here was proud of him.'

"And the word went around, 'Who was out there managing that fire? Oh, that's Walcott! That's Walcott up there!' So, you know, moments like that, it's heaven on Earth for a dad."

DeKalb Walcott Jr. retired in 2009. The younger DeKalb says he's proud of being a second-generation firefighter. "You know, it makes me look forward to fatherhood as well, because I'm definitely looking forward to passing that torch down to my son."

8. The underlined phrase tag along in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. put out fire

B. watch basketball

C. follow his father

D. ask his mother’s per mission

9. DeKalb Walcott III determined to become a firefighter at the age of _________.

A. 8

B. 21

C. 27

D. 35

10. What did DeKalb Walcott Jr want to do before he was told that the fire was put out?

A. Go on with the conversation

B. Put it out all by himself

C. Supervise his son

D. Go to the fire scene

11. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. DeKalb Walcott Jr is proud to be a second-generation firefighter.

B. DeKalb Walcott III wants his son to become a firefighter too.

C. DeKalb Walcott Jr wants to pass the torch to DeKalb Walcott III.

D. DeKalb Walcott III is proud that his son has become an excellent firefighter.

答案：8.C 9.A 10.D 11.B

解析：

本文是一篇故事类短文，讲述了一家两代对消防工作的热爱。当DeKalb WalcottⅢ8岁的时候他父亲就带他去消防现场，当时他激动不已，希望自己以后也做一名消防员。而且现在27岁的他已经成为了一名优秀的消防员。

8. C 词义猜测题。从前四段内容可知父亲DeKalb Walcott Jr是一名消防员，由此推断8岁的时候他父亲是带他去了火警现场.

9. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容可知DeKalb WalcottⅢ8岁的时候想成为父亲一样的消防员.

10. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数三、四段的对话内容可知。

11. B 细节理解题。从文章末段内容younger DeKalb 也就是DeKalb WalcottⅢ所说的话可知他也希望自己的孩子以后也当消防员.

A4

Engineers should embrace（接受）the arts, Sir John O'Reilly, a fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology, argued in a lecture.

About 59% of engineering companies in the IET's 2014 survey feared skill shortages could threaten（威胁）business.

"There is nothing as creative as engineering," Sir John told the reporter. He says science, technology, engineering and mathematics - often known as "Stem" subjects, are vital for a modern knowledge economy. But there is a massive shortfall in the number of recruits（招聘）- with a recent study by the Royal Academy of Engineering saying the UK needs to increase by as much as 50% the number of Stem graduates it produces.

Delivering this year's Mountbatten Lecture at the Royal Institution, Sir John argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work - among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession. The lecture, Full Steam Ahead for Growth, advocated a wider adoption -- Steam, or science, technology, engineering, arts and maths. Engineers should embrace the arts as being key to creativity and an important component of innovation（创新）, crucial to creating new products and boosting future competitiveness, he argued. "Engineering and technology is an increasingly diverse and creative field," said Sir John.

Some university engineering departments already cooperated with art schools to develop understanding, he told the reporter. In particular he mentioned Cranfield University's Centre for Creative Competitive Design and Imperial College's work with the Royal College of Art. The two sets of people could work well together and more emphasis on the creative side of engineering could improve the success of products, he said.

"Aesthetics(美学) is part of it," he told the reporter, adding that Apple's iPod was not the first digital media player, nor the only one that worked - but it came to dominate the market "because it was nice to have".

Sir John said he was not suggesting universities started requiring A-level art from engineering

applicants - the key subjects for admission would continue to be maths and the sciences. But an emphasis on creative skills would help "broaden the pool and attract more people in".

12. According to the lecture Full Steam Ahead for Growth, _______.

A. engineers should cooperate with arts majors

B. Accepting the arts could attract more people into engineering

C. engineers should realize arts play the most important part in their work

D. engineering and technology is as diverse and creative as before

13. By giving the example of Apple's iPod, Sir John intends to _______.

A. stress the importance of arts

B. stress the importance of marketing

C. stress the importance of communication

D. stress the importance of science and technology

14. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. More university students should study arts instead of engineering.

B. Engineering and technology is increasingly different and unrelated fields.

C. The IET's skills survey raised concerns about the number of recruits to engineering.

D. Students from some university engineering departments have already transferred to art schools

15. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Lack of creativity makes it difficult for the engineering major to find a satisfactory job.

B. The key subjects for engineering majors remain to be maths and the sciences rather than arts.

C. University engineering departments should cooperate with art schools to improve the success of products.

D. Engineering needs to emphasize its creative side to encourage more young people to choose it as a career.

答案：12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D

解析：

STEM科目一般指科学、技术、工程和数学等，而最近英国的一份调查报告显示，攻读STEM 课程的学生比例下降，英国STEM学科的发展前景令人堪忧。在文章中Sir John提出人们应该认识到工程学当中的艺术成分，呼吁更多年轻人进入这一领域。

12.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容Sir John argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work - among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession.可知认识到工程学中的艺术成分会吸引更多的人来从事这一行业。

13.A 推理判断题。在文章倒数第二、三段Sir John 提到艺术学校和工程专业学生的合作能够促进产品的成功的原因是“Aesthetics(美学)is part of it,”，然后以A pple’s iPod 为例，由此判断Sir John通过Apple’s iPod是想说明艺术在工程学方面的重要性。

14.C 细节理解题。通过文章第二、三段内容可知这份调查显示了在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少，而且Sir John在调查中鼓励年轻人进入这一领域。

15.D 主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报告，在首段先提出Engineers should embrace the arts,进而指出在STEM研究学科方面人员的缺少，然后在下文呼吁人们要强调工程学中的艺术方面，以此吸引更多的年轻人从事这一行业，由此判断本文中心内容是要人们意识到工程学中

创新的一面从而鼓励年轻人从事这一行业。故答案选D

B1

Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — that is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.

While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jib e (吻合) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placeb o effect and not of exercise.

For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.

In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.

But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of benefits from walking were lower.

These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.

If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise, Mr. Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after ex ercise are physiologically genuine.

The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr. Stothart said. That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.

1. Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?

A. To discover the placebo effect in the exercise.

B. To prove the previous studies have a big drawback.

C. To test whether exercise can really improve cognition.

D. To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research.

2. What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out?

A. They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise.

B. The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.

C. The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability.

D. Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect.

3. What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Is it necessary for us to take exercise?

B. How should people exercise properly?

C. What makes us smarter during exercise?

D. Does exercise really make us smarter?

答案：1.C 2.B 3.D

解析

本文针对运动是否有益大脑认知这一现象展开讨论，搬出了一个由大学合作得出的结论，的确有益，可信度较高。看来四肢发达的人不见得头脑简单哦！

1.C 细节理解题。第二段第一句recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect, 句意：最近一些科学家开始质疑，运动对思维有益的显著效果是不是一种安慰剂效应。由此得知，To test whether exercise can really improve cognition实验论证是两所大学实验的目的。

2.B 细节理解题。第六段第二句Cary Stothart说的话The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect, 句意：我们的实验结果表明有氧健身（对大脑）的益处不是一种安慰剂效应。由此The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.便移除了那些科学家质疑的念头。

3.D 主旨大意题。Does exercise really make us smarter? 运动使人聪明吗？全文围绕这一观点展开讨论，举出两所大学合作实验的成功案列来作为论据。其他选型偏离太大.

B2

The current Ebola (埃博拉病毒) outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus —about 60 percent of people infected with it have died.

How is Ebola doing its harm?

When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body’s immune (免疫的) cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person’s immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease.

The patients that survive it best are those who don’t get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn’t able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system become s less able to regulate (调节) itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death.

What are the common symptoms of the disease?

Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body.

How to prevent the spread of Ebola?

Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient.

We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and

needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates(灵长类). If you’re in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side.

Wear protective medical clothing if you’re around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you’re around infected patients.

How Do People Survive Ebola?

Doctors don’t know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specifi c treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection.

Our suggestions include:

Maintain your electrolytes (电解质) and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you’re feeling pain.

4. Ebola causes the death of a human being by ________.

A. attacking him with high fever

B. regulating his immune system

C. damaging his immune cells

D. harming all his organs directly

5. What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?

A. Fever and chills.

B. Swallowing difficulty.

C. Loss of blood.

D. High blood pressure.

6. In order not to be infected by Ebola, we should _________.

A. have the clothing of the infected cleaned

B. avoid eating wild animals like monkeys

C. not travel to Africa, America or Europe

D. stay at home without going anywhere

7. It is true that ________.

A. a certain number of people survive Ebola

B. human has found a special cure for Ebola

C. oxygen can save infected people’s lives

D. low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola

答案：4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A

解析：

当一个人被Ebola感染时，病毒就伤害了身体的免疫细胞。研究者怀疑疾病是通过动物传给人的，很可能是通过灵长类的肉。提醒人们避免吃野生野味。

4.C 细节理解题。根据第一小标题第一段第一句When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body’s immune(免疫的)cells, 当一个人被Ebola感染时,病毒就伤害了身体的免疫细胞。

5.D 细节理解题。根据第二小标题中Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea V omiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body.从这里可知文中提到了Fever 发烧，Chills冷，Difficult breathing or swallowing呼吸或吞咽困难，Bleeding inside and outside of the body.血流到身体外面。文中未提到High blood pressure.高血压。

6.B 推理判断题。根据第三小标题第二段第三句Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates(灵长类). 避免吃野生野味。研究者怀疑疾病是通过动物传给人的，很可能是通过灵长类的肉。

7.A 推理判断题。根据第四小标题第一段第二句Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection.尽管是少数，一些人确实从感染中恢复了。

B3

The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the four th industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was the production of goods with machines like steam engines, which was followed by the second industrial revolution that introduced mass production with the help of electric power, followed by the digital revolution —the use of electronics and IT in production.

Industry 4.0 is a high-tech project, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing (制造业). The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. The goal is the Smart Factory, which adapts well and uses resources efficiently as well as linking customers and business partners with great intelligence. Technological basis are the Internet systems and advanced factories. Experts believe that Industry 4.0 could be a reality in about 10 to 20 years.

So, what effects does this change have on the classic manufacturing? According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked unt il everything is connected with everything else.” Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in the time of Industry 4.0, the boundaries (界限) of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to inter-connect multiple factories or even geographical regions.

How is an Industry 4.0 factory different from a today’s factory? In current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success. Factories are trying to increase their profit as much as possible. In the time of Industry 4.0, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. Using data for understanding the current condition and checking faults and failures is a natural thing. The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.

The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think. Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government. Meanwhile, in the U.S., some companies are also working hard on it. But the success of industry depends on whether business and politics can work together. It’s not only politics that needs to help open the door for Industry 4.0. Every company is advised to seize the new digital opportunities.

8. What marks the coming of Industry 4.0?

A. Steam engines.

B. Mass production.

C. Use of electronics.

D. Intelligent networks.

9. Industry 4.0 will probably result in ________ in the world of manufacturing.

A. production limited to an individual factory

B. everything connected with everything else

C. networks and processes no longer existing

D. classic factories stopping their competition

10What’s the meaning of the underlined part in Para. 4?

A. Sharing information of the world time.

B. Global news broadcast at any time.

C. Instant worldwide information exchange.

D. Spreading news widely on the hour.

11. According to the last paragraph, who is the most active in pushing Industry 4.0?

A. The European companies.

B. The American government.

C. The American companies.

D. The German government.

答案：8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D

解析：

Industry 4.0 是一个高科技项目，是第四次革命。Industry 4.0的最基本原则是通过连接机器和工作系统，创造智能网络。欧洲使自己处于第四次革命的先锋，其中德国最为活跃。

8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. Industry 4.0 的最基本原则是通过连接机器和工作系统，我们沿着能互相自动控制的整个价值链条正在创造智能网络。

9.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.” 按着一位专家说的，很可能产品的世界将变得越来越网络化直到每样东西与其他的每样东西连接在一起。

10.C词义猜测题。根据第四段第六句The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly. 忙碌的、广泛的信息分享将使这些连接系统自主地管理他们自己，更加有效地工作和快速地验证错误。可知划线部分的意思是快速、广泛的信息交换.

11.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government.欧洲使自己处于第四次革命的先锋。Industry 4.0 是德国政府高科技策略的一个项目。

B4

“One City One Book” is a generic name (通称) for a community reading program that attempts to get everyone in a city to read and discuss the same book. Popular book picks have been Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird，Ernest Gaines’s A Lesson Before Dying，and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451.

“One City One Book” programs take the idea of a localized book discussion club and expand it to cover a whole city. The first such program was “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” in 1998，started by Nancy Pearl at Seattle Public Library’s Washington Center for the Book. The book chosen for the program was The Sweet Hereafter by Russell Banks，written in 1991.Other cities copied the idea，and the L ibrary of Congress listed 404 programs occurring in 2007.

Each city’s program has its own goals；These typically include building a sense of community and promoting literacy. Nancy Pearl warns against expecting too much from a program：“Keep in mind that this is a library program，it’s not an exercise in civics，and that it’s not intended to have literature cure the racial divide. Thi s is about a work of literature.”

Programs typically involve more than having everyone read the same book. Some other activities that have been included are：book discussion sessions，scholarly lectures on the book or related topics，a visit by the author，exhibits，related arts programming (especially showing a movie

of the book if there is one)，and integration into school curricula. In Boston the “One City One Story” program used shorter stories and distributed tens of thousands of free copies of the story ov er the course of a month.

American Library Association puts out a detailed step-by-step guide on how to organize a local program，including the critical step of picking the one book. The Center for the Book at the Library of Congress tracks all known programs and the books they have used.

12．“One City One Book” programs________.

A．ask everyone in a city to donate one book

B．can rid a city of racial divide through reading

C．choose short stories for people to read

D．encourage everyone in a city to read and discuss the same book

13．We know from the second paragraph that “One City One Book” programs________.

A．became popular very quickly

B．have been held more than 400 times in Seattle

C．were sponsored by the Library of Congress

D．reached its peak in 2007

14．We can infer from the third paragraph that Nancy Pearl________.

A．expects much from the programs

B．doesn’t expect that the programs would run so well

C．has a practical attitude towards the programs

D．believes the programs will push forward community building

15．What kind of role does American Library Association play in the programs?

A．It picks out the city which runs the programs well.

B．It gives free books to the host city.

C．It gives a practical guide to the programs.

D．It keeps a record of all known programs.

答案：12.D 13.A 14.C 15.C

解析：

本文是说明文，介绍了美国开展的“一个城市，一本书”的读书活动。

12.D 细节理解题。从文章第一段第一句可知，这个活动旨在让同一个城市的人们读同一本书并共同评论这本书。

13.A 推理判断题。从文章第二段可知，当西雅图在1998年首先推出这个活动以后，其他城市也纷纷效仿，到2007年这个活动已经在400多个城市推出，可见这个活动流行得非常迅速。

14.C 推理判断题。从文章第三段中Nancy Pearl的话可知，她警告人们不要对这个活动期望太多，说明她对这个活动持有十分务实的态度。

15.C 细节理解题。从文章最后一段可知，美国图书馆协会负责具体指导活动的开展。

第二节

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A

I have collected some examples that should be an inspiration to anyone who desires to be successful. They show that if you want to succeed you should expect failure along the way. I actually believe that failure can encourage you on and make you try even harder. 16 The Truly successful things won’t be beaten, they take responsibility for failure, learn from it and start all over from a stronger position.