河北专接本英语bufen词汇及重点

河北专接本英语bufen词汇及重点
河北专接本英语bufen词汇及重点

希望这个东西对大家有用。

老师的自我介绍

Major in 以…为专业

Tutor 导师

Set a good example to 给…某人树立了榜样

Be strict with 严格要求

Be hard on 苛刻

Give up 放弃

Except 除了improve 提高belief 信条share 分享

Belief 信条:No end to learning

Share的用法

Spare 的用法

Spare 专门抽出/拿出时间干…/钱干…

Spare sb sometime 抽时间给某人

A must 必须

▲get to know 不是一般了解,是渐近的了解经过一个过程

Come /get /learn to know

Easy going 随和平易

Energetic 充满能量

Fall of energy 充满能量

Promise 承诺、誓言

Learn by heart 记住、背过、记在心里

Instructive 具有教育意义

Bright future光明前途

Intense 激烈的

Well prepared 准备充分

Action 行动

Learned to result 得知了结果

Were you satisfied ? 你满意吗?

▲in low spirits 低谷,心情低落,郁闷

vivid 形象的,栩栩如生的dull 傻了

to further your study 接本

Unless 除非ideal 理想的

Self-reliant 自我实现Rely on oneself 依靠自己

To support your parents 孝顺你的父母

Imagine 想象Ambitious 有雄心,有理想industrious 勤奋的Determined 坚持信念

Persistent 坚持不懈的,执意的

insist on sth /doing sth 坚持

persist in

you well make it .

take your seat .回到座位。Take one’s seat . 就位

look forward to doing sth. 期待…

accuse sb of 指控某人犯…罪charge sb with 指控某人犯…罪

情景对话

My pleasure 指帮忙后别人致谢时的应答

With pleasure给别人帮忙时很高兴

That is all right/ never mind

若问题是do you mind ,介意是yes/no

反义疑问句

①前肯后否通汉语

②前否后肯实事求是的回答是回答yes ,不是回答NO Eg: You are not a teacher , are you ?

No , I am not (是的,我不是)

Yes ,I am (不是,我是)

祈使句中的反义疑问句

Let us go ,with you ?

Let’s go ,shall we ?

包括当时在场的所有人。

Let us 是不包括发布命令的人

否定的转移think , believe , suppose (猜测)

Eg:I do not think you are wrong,are you ?

一、语音

-ed 清辅音结尾加-ed ,读/t/。如ask-----asked .

浊辅音/元音音节结尾加-ed 读/d/ 。如stay---stayed

以字母t 或e结尾加-ed 读/id/

ar 读/a:/

/w/+ar 读→/?:/ 如wolf →/?:/ ?/u/ told , cold , fold Industry /?/ ×/?/√且重音在前

字母u 在非重读音节中读/?/

Worth/worthy中th 读→/θ/清辅音 /e/ 浊辅音

Be worth doing 主动表被动

Mouth →/θ/ mouths→/ez/

Clothes 中的e 不发音 /ez/

▲reward , award , forward

debt 中bt在一起时词尾不发音

doubt 中 b 不发音

climb 刷子 b 不发音

X 读→/ks/gz/

Exist , exam , exact , 读/gz/(重读音节) 重音在x 'exit 读→/ks/ 重音在e

X 在两个元音字母之间是重读音节。

如:experience exist expect except

以元音字母结尾的是开音节词,辅音字母结尾的是闭音节词。

音素48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个

所有的元音音素是浊音,浊音是发音时声带振动的

辅音音素分为清辅音和浊辅音。清辅音不震动,浊辅音振动

音节一个音节是由一个元音或一个元音加上一个辅音构成。Isolate I so late 多音节

Worker 双音节

Sit 单音节

多音节单词有重读

In’crease v. ’increase n.

多音节词多数情况下的重读放在倒数第三个音节

以tion 结尾,以ic结尾的多音节单词的重音放在倒数第二个音节。Experimen’tation charate’ristic

Bea/ u/ ti/ful ne/ce / ssa/ry

Ne’cessity ter’rfic

清辅音浊化

Student /st/sk/ school /sk/sg/

两个清辅音在一起,第二个清辅音要发相对的浊辅音的音。

Skirt /sk/ sg/

动词过去式加ed 后

①以清辅音结尾(除了字母t之外)+ed之后 ed----/t/

Stop ----stopped /t/ ask------asked /t/

②以浊辅音结尾(除了字母d以外以及元音音节结尾) ed----/t/ Clean ----cleaned /d/ clear-----cleared /d/ Stay-----stayed ay ---/ei/ stayed-----/d/

③以/t/,和/d/结尾加ed ------/ id/

Want----wanted /id/

Tion和Sion 的读音正常读 /??n/

Tradition , addition , discussion

Stion---------/t??n/

Question suggestion , digestion , conjestion

( decision , invasion , conclusion , television )中的Sion 读/??n/

元音字母+Sion读---/??n/即Sion前为元音字母时读作/??n/

字母组合ing 有两个读音①/?/鼻音②/ng/

Long ------/?/

Ng 在词尾读/?/ ng 在词中读/?g/

Indy finger 食指Indy 索引

▲sing -------/ ?/ singer------/?g/

Al -------/?:/ ?: l/e /

Al 在词尾---------/?: /

Talk walk chalk

Alt 在一起时读--------/?: lt/

Alter 改变although salt

不发音的辅音

B , h , k , t , w有时候不发音

字母b ,当bt / mb (词尾)时不发音。

Debt , doubt , subtle(微妙的)

Comb (刷子) tomb(坟墓) climb (登山)

Number 和lumber (木材总称)中的mb都发音,因为mb 不为于词尾。

字母h

hour , honest , honor , forehead (前额),exhausted (如此累) ,exhi’bition , e’xhibit 字母k ,kn

Kn

know , knowledge , knife , kneed , knot (结)

字母t

Sten / ten 不发音stle 不发音

t------sten / ten / stle

listen fasten(挤紧,系紧) often glisten 闪耀

hasten (匆忙) haste (匆忙)

谚语;Haste makes waste .欲速则不达。

Whistle (打口哨) castle(城堡)

字母W--------wh-------/ h /

Who , whom , whose

C , g , s , x , 发两个音

部分辅音字母两个音,如c, g , s , x

C -----/ s/ k / g ------/ g /d? / s------/ s/ z / x ------/ ks / gz/

Celebrate crinite civilization case bicycle

Collection

字母c 后跟I , e , y 时读/s /

字母c后跟a , ou 时读/k /

g-----/ g/ d?/

s------/ s / z /

x-----/ks / gz /

g 读--------/ g / d?/

字母g 后面跟I ,e , y 时读/ d?/

Giant 巨大的geography 地理geology 地质学

Glisten green grasp

字母s 词首,双写,清辅音前后时读清辅音/s /

Sword , sister , maps , glass

字母s 位于浊辅音后或两个元音字母之间

Need

To meet the needs / to satisfy the needs 满足…需求…

Design n.(两个元音之间) assign (×)

Resume n. 简历resume 中断之后,从新开始

Reason

字母X ,在两个元音之间,并且是重读音节,读浊辅音/ g z/

Exam exist exact (√)

Exit 中的X不读/ gz / 读/ ks/

Exhausted 筋疲力尽exhibition n. exhibit v.

Exhaust v. 用尽,耗尽

Exhausted 用尽了的,耗尽了的

Exhibition n. 展览

E’xhibit

A , e , I , o ,u

开音节:以元音字母结尾的词叫做开音节词。

开音节读本身音(往往)

Take , late , lake , behave , have (×),love (√)

▲闭音节读a-------/ ? /

区分/ ? /和/ e /把食指放在嘴里读/ e/ ,把两个手指放在嘴里读/ ? /

字母a 后跟sk , sb , ss , st , 时字母a 读/ a: /

Ask , glass , fast , grasp

读音/w / 后加字母a 时,读/ ? /

Quality -------qu ----------/ks /

Watch , want , wish , water 中的water 读/ ?: /

细水长流water 中的a 是长音

字母e 读/e / bed , test , text

字母I 读/ I / sister

字母o 读/ n/ u/ but , put

▲元音字母在多音节词中 a e I o u

①非重读音节中的读音

A , e , I, o , u 在非重读音节中都可以读/ ? /

a 中a’go ’ordinary

a 可能读/i/

village /I / palace /I /

e silent student 中e 读/ ? /

字母I 非重读音节中/ ? / possible ------/ ? / holiday -------/ ? /

字母o 读/ ? / bottom / ? / ? /

字母u 读/ ? / sug’gestion 读/ ? / ’industry 读/ ? /

Eg: She showed them a paper bearing an official seal.中bear 是含有的意思。Seal 海豹,印章

Bear----born born 的原型是bear 熊生产生育,

Eg:There is no tree,but bears fruit.没有不结果的树。

Survive幸存

Eg: The third Reich survived Hitler by a week. 第三帝国比希特勒多存在一周。字母组合的读音:ED-----/ei/ i:/ e/ i ?/

读/ei/ great break steak

读/ i:/ heat leave leaf

读/ e/ head bread breakfast

▲breath n. / e/ 呼吸out of breath 上气不接下气

Breathe v. 中的ea和th也发生变化,ea ------/ i:/ th----/θ/

Bath v. bathe n. /ei/ /θ/

Ea 读/i?/ real theatre

Ou------/u:/ /u/ /?u/ /au/

/u:/----soup group

/u/ ----could should

/au/---- mouth

Mouths----读/θz/ clothes southern

/?u/--soul shoulder

字母oo组合---- /u:/ /u/ /?/

Classroom---/u:/ book cook /u/

Flood blood ----/ ?/

字母ai---------/ ei/ / i/

Ob’tain comp’lain mountain con’tain fountain exp’lain

Ai的重读音节读/ ei/ 非重读音节读/i/

八个语法重点

一、非谓语动词

二、虚拟语气

三、定语从句

四、状语从句

五、主谓一致

六、倒装

七、情态动词

八、时态

在主语从句中表示是否只能用whether

Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is hot known .

Do as I say .

Like 是介词,向…一样。As 向…一样(连词)like 后不加句子Tell it as it is . 实话实说。

Often中ten在一起不发音。同样的还有listen 。

一、非谓语动词

(一)动词不定式to do 不定式有时态的变化,语态的变化

(二)动名词doing

(三)分词:现在分词,过去分词

(一)动词不定式

1.、动词to 是符号

To do 的派生词to be doing (进行时)/to have ved (完成时)

Eg: It is said that they are having English classes .

They(主语) are said(谓语)to be having English class.

It is said that Mr. smith has gone to USA .

Mr. smith is said to have gone to USA .

Our handout is said to be being printed . 我们的讲义正在被印刷。

Our handout is said to have been printed . 我们的讲义被印刷完了。

2、不定式能做的句子成分

(1)作宾语(直接跟不定式)

Eg : decide , choose , want , plan , promise , determine , (决定) + to do

Intend to do (打算) afford (买得起,负担的起)

关于attend , tend , intend 的对比

Attend 接宾语或名词

Tend to /intend to

Tend 趋向于,倾向于intend 目的是

(2)作宾语补足语

Eg: ask sb to do

动词+ 疑问词+不定式

Eg: know .wonder , explain , learn

I do not know how (疑问词) to answer your question .

I learned how to do it .

I do not know what to say .

(3)作补语

不定式作补语的特殊结构

▲there to be 结构是there be 结构的不定式

eg: I did not expect there to be so many people there .

▲For ( 目的) there to be (there be 句型不定式)no mistakes he cheeked it 。

I did expect there were so many people (×)

(4) 主语/ 表语

Eg : To see(主语) is to believe(表语).

英语中的特殊形式表语

英语中的系动词后的词是表语,等同于主谓宾=主系表

Eg: To learn English well in such a short period is difficult . (头重脚轻)需要借用形式主语it

It is difficult for us to learn English well in such a short period .加入for us 才非常完整

For us 是to learn 的逻辑主语

It is considerate (逻辑主语)of you to do me a favor .

用for 还是用of 取决于形容词

动词不定式可以带自己的逻辑主语,引导逻辑主语通常用介词for ;如果形容词是表示

人的品行,品德或者特证的时候必须用of 引导逻辑主语。

Consider considerate 体贴的,考虑周到的

Considerable 相当大的,可观的(指数量)

(5)作定语…的

条件后置:动词不定式作名词的宾语要后置

动词不定式作定语,如果动词是不及物动词,往往需要加一个介词。

Eg: While traveling you need to find a hotel to live in at night .修饰a hotel

To live in a hotel 不能说to live a hotel

I need a pen to write with .

She has got a chair to sit on .

As a captain (船长) ,he is always the first one to come to the ship .

被修饰的成分有序数词时,只能用动词不定式作定语。

(6)作状语表示目的。条件、元音

Eg: 目的状语To go to USA he works hard at English ,To be a college teacher you must have doctor’s degree.

作状语的5 种形式

…too…to…

Enough to

In order to / so as to

▲so…as to …

▲…only to …

Holy girl 剩女

In order to 目的是,为了

若把目的放在句首只能用in order to 不可用so as to

若目的在句中,则in order to / so as to 均可

▲…so …as to …和so …that …意思差不多。结果状语

So…that …后接句子

So…as to …如此以至于as to 后接动词原形

Eg : She is so lovely that everyone likes her (句子).

She is so lovely as to be liked by everyone .

▲…only to …重点考察only 出乎意料

Eg: He hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.

用only to 表示出乎意料的结果和前面的初衷相反。

(二)、动名词动词的名词形式ving

Eg: Seeing is believing . 动名词可以做主语/ 表语。

动名词作宾语时较麻烦,动名词可以做动词的宾语还可以作介词的宾语

Eg: avoid 后必须用动名词doing 做宾语。

Eg: mind , avoid , enjoy , escape , appreciate , delay , postpone , consider 动名词可以做介词的宾语,动名词具有名词的特点。

Eg: I am interested in climbing mountains .

介词in , on , of , after 好判断,to 不好判断。

▲to 加原形构成不定式是不定式符号

to 加名词/ 动名词时是介词

to 在固定的结构中作介词使用

eg:look forward to / be used to 习惯于,后接名词/ 动名词

Money is used to buy food . 被动语态

I am used to getting up early .

Used to 过去常常作后+ 动词原形。To 是动词不定式符号。

Lead to 中to 是介词。导致产生引起

Prefer …to …中的To 是介词。喜欢…胜过…

Eg: I prefer coffee to tea .

Prefer to 后接动词原形,to 是不定式符号,宁愿做某事

Devote oneself to…献身于…

Object to 中的object 反对中的to 是介词+名词/ 动名词

UFO 中的U是unidentified F是fly, O是object

Identify v 动词词尾是Y读/ ai/

名词词尾是Y读/ i/

Beautify / ai / technology / i/ satisfy / ai/ Identify Eg: a sleeping baby 现在的分词

a sleeping car (卧铺车厢) 动名词

现在分词作定语,表示正在进行,可以用定语从句替换

动名词作定语表示用途或性质。

有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词且意思一致。

Begin / start (不考)

有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词意思略有不同,如like

Eg: I like smoking ,but I don’t like to smoke now .

Like doing 表示习惯。Like to do 表示具体的动作

有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词,但意思完全不同。

Stop , go on , remember , forget , regret , mean

Stop doing 停下来现在做的事情

Stop to do 停下来现在做的事情去做别的事情

Regret doing 后悔做了某事

Regret to do 遗憾的去做某事

Remember doing 记得做过

Remember to do 记得去做

Try doing 试着做某事

Try to do 努力做某事

Go on doing 继续做原来的事

Go on to do 继续做另一件事

Mean doing 意味着

Mean to do 打算

Need , want , require 需要,都可以接动名词和不定式。

Eg : These flowers need watering / to be watered .

用动名词时是主动表示被动,用不定式时是被动表被动。

Worth , worthy

Worth + v-ing (动名词) 主动表被动

Be worthy of + 动名词主动表被动

Worthy to be done 主动表被动

Eg : He asked the students to work hard .

使役动词,let ,make , have , 让某人做…,使得

感官动词see, hear , watch , smell , fell , 前3个常用,使役动词或感官动词作谓语后的不定式做宾补时,应当省略to .

Eg ; I saw the thief steal money in the shop .

如果使役动词和感官动词是被动语态必须要还原to 。

Have sb / sth do (省略to 的不定式)

Doing (让某人一直…)

Done

如果用省略to 的不定式,表示的是动作。如果用动名词doing 表示的是动作的持续,如果用过去分词作宾补,是让某人做某事,但不提出是谁做的,表示被动或完成。

Eg:He wants to do nothing but go out .

He wants to believe nothing but to take the medicine .

He has no choice but to wait .

有do没to,没do 有to ,(在but 后面加不加to ,取决于其前面的那个词,其中do 是do , does , did 表示实义动词则没哟to )

eg:Do you mind my (逻辑主语)smoking here ?

动名词的逻辑主语①形容词性物主代词或者所有格②人称代词的宾格③没有生命的词用普遍格。(原形=普通格)

Eg: the hope of the team (逻辑主语原形)winning the game 赢得比赛的希望The noise of desks(逻辑主语) being opened and closed could be heard in the distance . 动名词+逻辑主语

Eg: The girls being educated in such a good school.主语相当于一个完整的句子,is

有些结构中必须用动名词

I have difficulty / trouble in doing 有可能省略in 没有in 也用doing

②have a good / hard time (in )doing

③It is no good / point(意义) / use(有用)/ sense(意义)(in) doing sth

Eg: It is no point asking him for help ,because he is selfish .

④There is no good / point / use / sense / (in )doing sth

(三) 分词

a developing country 发展中国家表示正在进行

a developed country 发达国家表示已经完成

现在分词表示现在进行,过去分词表示已经完成

the touched audience

Eg: Seen from the hill top ,the village was make smaller . 用ing 还是用ed 取决于主语。

Seeing from the hill top ,we find the village was make smaller .

Have sb doing 让某人一直做某事

Have sb done 分词作宾语的补足语

▲eg: Having not heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him,(×)

非谓语动词的否定形式,否定词要放在非谓语动词之前。

No having heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him.(√) 独立主格结构

▲独立主格结构的基本形式

名词/ 代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词v-ing / v-ed

Eg :Weather permitting(独立主格做状语) we’ll go fishing tomorrow .

If weather permits we’ll go fishing tomorrow (完整的条件状语从句)

名词+现在分词表达的是一个条件。

Weather 是主语,permitting 是谓语但不是主谓结构而是独立主格形式。

怎么判断独立主格

1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,他独立存在

Eg: All things considered we decided to give up .

2、独立主格结构的名词或代词和紧随其后的分词构成的主谓关系,但不是主谓结构。

3、独立主格结构和主句一般用逗号隔开,逗号连接的不可是完整的单句。

Eg: My bike ________,I have to go to school on foot .

A . is being repaired

B. being repaired

C. has been repaired

D. repaired

解析:A和C可构成完整的句子,B和D在结构上均可,但B在句意上合理,故选择B.

名词/代词+adj / 副词/ 不定式to do / 介词

Eg: He came into the room ,his ears red with cold

He 和his ears 主语不同,red 是形容词

He was leapt busy all day ,much work (主语) to do(动词不定式).

He ran out the room ,a knife in (介词)his hand .

With+n. + 其他成分(表示伴随的独立主格)

Eg : He was brought to the court (法庭) ,with his hands tied behind his back .

if / whether

as / like 像…一样

只能用whether 表示是否

①在主语从句和表语从句中表示是否只能用whether .

Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is not known (主语从句)

The question is whether he is coming to my party.(表语从句)

②谓语动词是discuss 或wonder时宾语从句表示是否只能用whether。

Eg: We are discussing whether he is coming to my party (作宾语)

③介词后面表示是否只能用whether .

They are talking about whether he is coming to my party .

④和or not 连用时只能用whether

Whether …or not

Eg: I do not know if / whether he is coming to my party .

As的词性是连词,介词。连词,像…一样。介词,作为…

Like 当动词讲是喜欢,当介词讲是像…一样

As 当连词讲像…一样,后接句子。

Like 当介词讲像…一样,后接名词。

Eg: Like father ,like son . 有其父必有其子。

▲as 当连词讲,像…一样,除了接句子,还可以接介词结构,以及过去分词。

Eg: Like in large cities ,net bars also popular in small village .中把like换为as才正确。

As motioned in the last paragraph ,net bars should be banned . 中as 像…一样

As 之后接的是过去分词

Like当动词讲是喜欢,反义词是dislike 不喜欢

Unlike 是不像

Eg: Unlike her brother bill ,Mary was quite .

Likely , unlikely 中likely 是可能的,unlikely是不可能的。

Eg : He is unlikely to come to my party .

Be likely to 很有可能的

二、定语从句

定语从句分为①限制性定语从句②非限制性定语从句。区分在于有无逗号隔开。

没有逗号隔开的叫限制性定语从句。

有逗号隔开的叫非限制性定语从句。

引导定语从句的词①关系代词②关系副词

关系代词分别是常用的关系代词和特殊关系代词。

常用的关系代词,5个。Who , whom , whose , that , which

特殊关系代词,5个。As, than , but

关系副词,3个,when , why , where

Who , whom , whose

Who , whose 都指人,who 做主语,whom 作宾语。

Eg : Do you know the boy who is standing here ?

Do you know the boy whom they are talking about ?中whom 修饰名词作定语。

Eg: Do you know the boy whose father is VIP .中whose 修饰father

The tree whose branches (树枝)are almost bare (光秃秃) is 500 years old.

Whose 可以指人的所属关系,也可以指物的所属关系。

Which 只能指物不能指人,可以做主语也可以做宾语。

Eg: She is married to a foreigner ,which is known to everyone . 中的which 指前面的句子。

本句中的which 可以用as 替换

若放在句首时只能用as 不可用which

▲_____is known to everyone ,she is married to a foreigner . (C)

A It

B That

C As

D Which

It is known to everyone that she is married to a foreigner.

Eg: The mother showed more love for the younger son ,which made others jealous (嫉妒)。

本句中which 不可被as 替换。

①which 引导非限制性定语从句指代前面的整个句子,如果定语从句的谓语是系动

词,那么可以用as 替代which ,并且可以放在句首,只能用as 不能用which

②如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词,则不能用as 替代which,也不能放在句首

That 既可以指人也可以指物

▲必须用that时,指人时可用who, 指物时不可用which

①there be 句型中,定语从句只能用that引导

eg : Is there any thing that you want to tell me ?

②当先行词为数量词或者表示含有数量的词,定语从句只能用that引导

Eg : All that you need is money . what = all that

The father offered him much money ,that he can spent at will. At will 随意

③当先行词是不定代词的时候,必须用that引导定语从句

Something anything everything nothing

Somebody anybody everybody nobody

Someone anyone everyone none

④当先行词被形容词的最高级,序数词以及the only 或the very 修饰的时候,只能用

that 引导定语从句。

Eg:This is the film which / that I like .

This is the most interesting that I like .

⑤当先行词既有人也有物,用that引导。

▲不用that引导的情况

①非限制性定语从句

②定语从句中介词提前情况下,绝对不能用that引导(考点)

Eg:This is the movie which / that I am interested in .

In this is the movie which I am interested

In 提前到句首时不可用that

介词提前①根据定语从句后面的内容②根据定语从句前面的内容

Eg : We need a monition in whom we have confidence 中的in 取决于confidence。

Living in the desert has its problems (of) which getting fresh water is the most serious .

中which指problems of 表示范围

As than but 重点as

The same as / the same that

Eg : She showed me the same book as (that ) the teacher showed me .

特殊的关系代词as , than , but

Eg: She showed me the same book as (that ) the teacher showed me .

本句中在结构上as 和that 都符合

用as 指一模一样的两本书,用that 指同一本书

The same as 一模一样的两个东西

The same that 同一个东西

Eg: You must the same boy this morning as (that) I met yesterday . 中用that

Than 用特殊关系代词是比较结构

Eg: He called his father and asked for (请求) more money than was needed. Was的主语是than .

Than 在定语从句,than was needed 作主语

But

Eg: There is no one but likes money .中like的主语是but,本句中but可以换为that…not…

There is no tree in the world but bear fruit (结果)。

Bear ------born 出生born原形是bear

关系副词引导定语从句when , why , where

▲where 等同于in while why =for which

When =on which

Eg: The days ________we lived/ spent in the village were unforgettable .

先行词为the days

①the days 是spent的宾语,所以所添加的词应代替the days 作宾语,应用关系代

词that/ which

②若用lived时应用when ,live 是不及物动词后面没有宾语,句中缺状语,故用

when

Eg: The reason that / which he gave for his lateness was unacceptable .

先行词是The reason 定语从句的谓语是否及物。

The reason why he was late for work was unacceptable .

定语从句he was late for work 完整,句中缺原因状语

补充:The reason why …because (×) …的理由…因为

如果说The reason why …is because (×)

The reason why …is that …(√) …的理由…是因为

Order 秩序out of order 乱七八糟

Order n. 命令,点菜

Place an order for sth 对…下订单

Reserve 订book

Decide against

Be on guard against 提防against 反对

Eg: Some people are against falling love on campus .

Against 做谓语须加are

After talking the matter over we decided against the plan .

虚拟语气

Eg: Is it advisable (明智的) that collage ,students are exposed (接触)to violence and sex movies?

If I were a millionaire ,I would give all my money to the poor .

Be exposed to 被暴露于,接触

Ex pose 放pose 放置ex 外面

Compose 组成co和com 意思相同是together 的意思

Composition 作文impose 强加于dispose 处理

三、虚拟语气

(一)非真实条件句中的虚拟

(二)从句中的虚拟

(一)非真实条件句中的虚拟

Eg: If you work hard (you will make it )真实条件句。

非真实条件虚拟语气和事实相反的。

1、于现在相反的

结构if +主语+ v----ved (行为动词)/ be -----were 条件句

主语+would/ should / could / might +v.

Eg: If I know his number ,I would call him.

Could 表示将来,should 表示应该,could 表示能够might表示也许

Eg: If I were a millionaire I would give the money to the poor .

2、与过去事实相反

If + 主语+ had ved (过去完成式),主语+ would/ should / could / might+have ved (现在完成式)

Eg:If you had not helped me ,I could not have passed CET4.

3、与将来事实相反

If +主语+ should v / were to v (to do ) + 主语+ would / should / could / might +v.

Eg: If it were to rain tomorrow ,we would not go to Beijing .(与将来事实相反)将来发

生的可能性很小

▲三个变形

1、非真实条件句可以省略if ,但必须把助动词或者系动词提前。

Eg: Were it to rain tomorrow ,we would not go to Beijing .

若无助动词或系动词时if 不可省略。

2、含蓄虚拟语气

(常考)but for 要是…的话,要不是…的话

Or , otherwise , 否则

(常考)but for , (其次)otherwise

Eg : But for your help ,CET 4 I could not have passed .

I did not know his number ,otherwise / or I would have called him .

3、混合虚拟语气就是指两个动作分别于两个不同时间的动作相反,做题时着重看时间状语。Eg: If I had not caught you when you fell off the tree,you could not be laughing now(主语) .

从句中的虚拟四种从句,五类动词,10个形容词

’adjective n. 意思是形容词重音在前

Suggest 选取建议的意思

Eg: What you said suggested you did not love her .

Suggest做表明讲时,不可用虚拟语气。

1、eg: I suggest he stay at home tonight).

主谓宾语从句

Suggest在本句中引导的宾语从句

I suggest he (should ) stay at home tonight.中should 省略

2、eg:My suggest is he (should ) at home tonight . (表语从句)

省略should 的动词原形。

3、eg: He accepted my suggestion he (should )stay at home tonight (同位语从句)

4、It is suggested he (should ) stay at home tonight(主语从句)

宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句

五类动词和suggest具有共同的特点

①建设②命令③要求④推荐⑤坚持

①建议suggest , advice , propose

②命令order , commend , direct v.(给指令)

③要求require , demand , request , ask (请求)

④推荐recommend

⑤坚持insist

Direct v. 给指令

10个形容词仅限于主语从句

①necessary ,important , essential , vital

②imperative 命令的祈使advisable 明智的,可取的。

③strange 奇怪odd 古怪的

④natural 自然urgent 急迫的

eg: It is advisable that collage students be exposed to violence and sex movies.

特殊虚拟语气结构

1、wish 但愿与现在事实相反ved / were

与过去事实相反had ved (过去完成式)

与将来事实相反should / were to +do

2、as if / though 好像,似乎

eg: She spends money as if she were a millionaire.(与现实相反)

She talked about London as if she had been(过去完成时)there .(与过去事实相反)

He always sounds as if he would help you .(与将来事实相反)

3、If only 虚拟要是…就好,要是…该多好

Only if 引导的真是条件句只要

4、Eg : would rather

Would sooner (最常用) 宁愿

Would just as soon

Would rather 当宁愿讲后跟①动原do 此时和虚拟语气没有任何关系,是宁愿做…

Eg: I would rather stay at home tonight .

Would like②后跟句子时,此时句子应用虚拟语气,后面句子和前面句子的主语不同Eg: I would rather he stayed at home tonight .

现在或将来的动作用过去式

过去的动作用过去式

一般疑问词would not you rather

5、It is high / about time that + 过去式(一般过去式)(不改变结构)

Is not it high time that +一般过去式

6、It is the first time that (次数) +现在完成式

Eg; It is the first time that I have been here (现在完成式)

It was the first time that +过去完成式

四、状语从句

Eg: If you work hard you will make it .

状语从句

When you see him ,please tell him the news .

九种状语从句,其中五种是重点,四种不考

①时间状语从句

②条件状语从句

③原因状语从句

④比较状语从句

⑤让步状语从句

(常用,考点)

⑥地点状语从句

⑦方式状语从句

⑧结果状语从句

⑨目的状语从句

重点:常用状语引导词的用法,特殊引导词的用法

①时间状语从句

引导词:when , after , before , as soon as , not…until , while , since (常用的时间状语引导词)

When 和before 的特殊用法

When 通常情况下是当…

Eg: I was about to go to bed when the phone rang .中的when 是突然,就在这时。

Be about to do sth when

Be doing sth when 中when 是突然,就在这时

Hardly…when…固定结构一…就…

Eg : I had hardly got (过去完成式) home when the phone rang (过去式)

Scarcely / barely / hardly …when …一…就…

No sooner …than …是hardly …when…基础上提到的,一…就…,等同于hardly …

when…

Before

Eg: I think it over ,before you wake the final decision . 中的before 是然后。

Eg: It will be a few more years ,before you know it .

Better

Eg: Mary had opened (过去完成式)the door before Bill had time to knock 中的before 指没来得及…就…

He had run out of the classroom before I could stop him .

引导状语从句的特殊引导词

the moment 考过①③

the minute 连词引导的句子表示as soon as 一…就…

the instant 三个短语的结构一样

Eg : I told him the good news the moment I met him .

出题时的选项为,a moment , moments , the moments .

every time

each time 连词,连接状语从句,每当…的时候

eg: My Bf always buys me some delicious food every time he comes to see me .

immediately 一…就…副词连词

directly

eg: The police went into action immediately / directly they heard the alarm.(警报)

警察一听到警报立马行动。

②条件状语从句

(1)常用引导词if , only if , as / so long as , (只要),unless除非,否则,in case 万一

Unless 除非,否则

Eg: I will not go with you to the KFC unless you pay .

(2)特殊引导词

Give that 假设,假定

Given that X is 2 ,than (x+1)2 is 9.

provided that

providing that 假如,倘若

on condition that 前提条件是

eg: I’ll go with youn to kfc on condition that you pay .

③原因状语从句

Since , as , for , because

Because 语气最强回答why 提出的问题

Because 和since 语气相同

For 介词为了

For 引导的是根据情况可以做出肯定的推测或判断

Eg: He must be ill for he is absent today .

特殊的引导词

▲now that / in that 既然

since 是连词since that

now that 既然

eg: Now that everyone is here ,let’s begin / start .

now that 引导原因状语从句放在句首引导

in that 则放在中间,意思是原因在于…

eg: Human beings are different from animals in that they can speak and think .

考试考过:Liquids (液体) are just like solids in that they both have definite volume(体积)。Volume ①体积②音量③成套的选集

④比较状语从句

(1)同级比较(2)比较级

(1)同级比较的基本结构

A,…as…as…

B. …not so …as…

C. 同级比较的肯定或否定形式中间应当使用adj或副词的原级原形。

D.到底用adj. 还是副词取决于谓语动词,如果谓语是行为动词应当用副词的原形,如果谓语是系动词或连系动词应当用形容词的原形。

Eg: She speaks English as good as the British .

修饰动词应当使用副词故good 不对,应当用well.

Eg: The dish tastes as well as the one much looks.中的taste为系动词,修饰系动词应当用形容词,故应当用good

连系动词感觉feel , smell , taste

变化过程get , turn , become

似乎,好像seem , appear

Appear 行为动词,出现连系动词,显得好像

E.用同级比较表示倍数

倍数+as…as…

Eg: The river is 2 times as long as that one she has 3 times as many friend as I do.

(2)比较结构

比较结构中,比较好像,必须一致。

Eg: The salary of a taxi driver is higher than a teacher’s .

He likes his wife better than I .

Eg : He likes his wife better than I .

①他喜欢他的妻子胜过我喜欢我的妻子(√)

②他喜欢他的妻子胜过我喜欢他的妻子(×)

③他喜欢他的妻子胜过喜欢我(×)

英语中有部分形容词本身就含有比较的含义,没有比较级的形式,如果接比较对象不能用that 必须用介词to。

Super , inferior

Senior , junior +to 接比较对象

Prior

Superior与inferior 相反的词

Superior to 比…优越,比…高级

Inferior to 比…低级,比…低略

Senior 比…高级,比…年长

Junior 比…级别低,比…年幼

Prior 比…先,比…早

prefer…to …中的to 是动词不定式符号,to 后接名词或动名词。

Prefer to 中的to 是动词不定式符号,to 后接动词原形

英语中部分形容词既没有比较级也没有最高级本身就是最高级的含义。

Complete 完全地prefect 完美的excellent 优秀的

Much better 好得多

比较级前可以用much far still even a lot 修饰表达含义是…的多

比较级的特殊用法

A.more and more 越来越

B.t he more …the more …越…越…

⑤让步状语从句

Although / though 但后面不用But

倒装,部分倒装和全部倒装

只把状语从句的某一个成分提前

A.try as he might 尽管他努力了,动词提前

让步状语从句中倒装用as引导,若为长句则不用as.

B.Hand as he tried . 副词提前

C.Young (adj. ) as she is 形容词提前

D.Girls (n. ) as she is 名词提前

Girls 用单数不能用a girl 也不能用复数

Students as they are

名词提前时,只能用单数,不表示具体的,只表示一类

Eg: Much as he likes her ,he sometimes gets angry with her . 尽管他非常喜欢她,但有时候也会对他发火

Object as he may 尽管他可能反对。

副词,动词,名词,形容词均可提前

⑥地点状语从句where ,wherever

Eg:Where there is a will,there is a way .(有志者事竟成)

Wherever you go I will follow you .

⑦方式状语从句

As ,as if , as though 引导

As 引导,正如

As I said 正如…

结果状语从句,目的状语从句考查较多

⑧目的状语从句so that 和in order that

Eg: Please say it again so that everyone can catch you .

⑨结果状语从句so…that…, such…that…

So 和such 后接不同,so后接形容词/ 副词+名词

Such 直接接名词

▲so long a girl

such a lovely girl

五、时态

时态------16种------常用8种--------3种常考

③③②

Past now further

过去完成时,过去进行时,一般过去时

现在完成时,现在进行时,一般现在时

一般将来时,将来完成时

完成时(常考)将来完成时

现在完成时结构have / has +ved

现在完成时,使用的情况①动作发生过,持续到现在还可能持续

Eg: I have lived in SJZ for 23 years.

②动作发生在过去,强调的是对现在的影响和结果

Eg: The lights in the classroom have been turned off.

③动作发生在过去到说话的时刻已经完成。

Eg: We have finished the first book so far (到目前为止)。

现在完成时的标志词so far , since , for

过去完成时体现过去的过去,两层含义①过去的某一时刻

Eg: By the end of last week 到上周末为止we had finished (过去的过去)all.

②过去的某个动作以前

Eg:I had hardly got home when the phone rang .

将来完成时,将来的过去

①将来的某一时刻

Eg: By the end of 2020,we will have finished it .

②将来的某一动作之前

Eg: I will go to hong kong next week .

When I got to HK ,He will have left for USA .

将来时,特殊形式表将来

①be going to 事先考虑或打算要做的事情;有迹象表明要发生

②be about to 很快就要发生,通常接when

③be doing 现在进行时表示将来

④be to do 根据命令或按照要求即将发生的情况

⑤行为动词表示将来动词一般现在时表示将来

Eg : What are you going to do when you grow up?

The sky is covered with clouds, It is going to rain .

Be about to do sth when 正要做…突然…

用在现在进行时中表示将来的动词(非持续性动词)

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河北省专接本英语考试核心词汇(一) abandon英音:[?'b?nd?n] vt.1.丢弃;抛弃,遗弃放弃,中止 2放弃,中止3.(与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任[(+to)] n. 1.放纵,放任2.狂放 absence英音:['?bsns]n.1.不在,缺席[(+from)] 2.缺少,缺乏[(+of)] absorb英音:[?b's?:b]vt.1.吸收(液体,气体,光,声等)2.汲取,理解(知识等)3.使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)[(+in/by)]4.合并(公司等);吞并[(+into)]5.承受;经受6.承担(费用等) abstract英音:['?bstr?kt]a. 1.抽象的2.难懂的,深奥的3.纯理论的,非实际的4.(艺术上的)抽象派的[Z] n. 1.摘要,梗概2.抽象派艺术作品3.抽象概念4.【化】萃取物vt.1.使抽象化;抽取,提取2.做...的摘要(或梗概)3.【婉】偷走4.使退出,使撤离vi.1.做摘要,写梗概[(+from)] accelerate英音:[?k'sel?reit]vt.1.使增速2.促进;促使...早日发生3.【物】使加速vi.1.加快;增长;增加 access英音:['?kses]n.1.接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用[(+to)]2.通道,入口,门路[(+to)]3.【书】(病的)发作;(怒气等的)爆发[(+of)]4.【电脑】存取;取出vt.1.【电脑】取出(资料);使用;接近 accomplish英音:[?'k?mpli?]vt.1.完成,实现,达到2.走完,度过3.使完美account英音:[?'kaunt]n.1.帐,帐目,帐单[C]2.帐户;客户3.记述,描述;报导[(+of)]4.解释,说明[(+of)]5.根据,理由6.估价;价值,重要性7.利益,好处vt.1.把...视为vi.1.报帐2.解释,说明;对...负责[(+for)]3.导致,产生[(+for)]4.(在数量等上)占[(+for)]5.(在比赛中)击败[(+for)] accumulate英音:[?'kju:mjuleit]vt.1.累积,积聚;积攒vi.1.积成堆;累积,聚积accustomed英音:[?'k?st?md]a.1.惯常的,通常的2.习惯的,适应了的acknowledge英音:[?k'n?lid?]vt.1.承认[(+as)][+v-ing][+that]2.就...表示谢忱3.告知收到(信件等)4.对...打招呼 acquaintance英音:[?'kweint?ns]n.1.(与人)相识;了解[[(+with)]2.相识的人,熟人 acquire英音:[?'kwai?]vt.1.取得,获得2.学到;养成3.(雷达等)捕获(目标) acute英音:[?'kju:t]a.1.尖锐的;敏锐的2.剧烈的,激烈的3.严重的4.【医】急性的5.【数】锐角的6.高音的,尖声的7.【语】尖(重)音的 adapt英音:[?'d?pt]vt.1.使适应,使适合[(+to)]2.改编,改写[(+for)]3.改建,改造

专升本英语核心词汇

1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/dis ability able的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。 比较:be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth. 2. 动词词缀:en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-en enable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/wid en/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/length en 3. abandon vt. 放弃,抛弃,放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于,沉溺于(=be addicted to) 4. aboard adv. 在船(车)上,上船abroad adv. 在国外,到国外 board n. 木板on board 在船上 broad adj. 宽的,宽阔的 5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的(反:present) 6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的 7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 8. abundant adj. 丰富的,大量的(=plentiful) 9. access n. 通路, 接近,入门 have access to 接近,有权使用 e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library. 10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故 by accident 偶然(=by chance)(on purpose 故意) 11. accompany vt. 陪伴,陪同 12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现~ the task accomplishment n. 成就 13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明,解释 on account of 由于 take... into account 考虑到(= take…into consideration) account for 解释,说明 14. accuse vt. 指责,控告 accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人 (同:charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人) e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail. His mother charged him with being lazy. 15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到 achievement n. 成就, 功绩 16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事(同:take measures to do sth.) 17. actor n. 男演员→actress n. 女演员 类似:waitress(女侍者,女服务生), hostess(女主人), princess(公主,王妃)18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编 adapt oneself to sth. 适应(= adjust oneself to sth.) e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country. 比较:adopt vt. 采用, 收养 19. advance n. 前进, 提升v. 前进, 提前 in advance 预先,提前 20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件(反:disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点)have an advantage over 胜过,占优势 take advantage of 利用 21. advertise v. 为…做广告 advertisement/ad n. 广告 22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告 advise sb. to do sth. 劝说(强调动作) persuade sb. to do sth. 说服(强调结果)注意:advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句,需使用should型虚拟语气。 advice n. 忠告, 建议 23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起 ~ sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.) ~ to do sth. 24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成 agree with sb. agree on sth. (经过讨论后)就…达成一致 agree to sth. (plan, proposal, etc.)

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