华慧上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解第二篇试题及参考答案

华慧上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解第二篇试题及参考答案
华慧上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解第二篇试题及参考答案

上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题

阅读理解试题及参考答案

(Two)

Passage Two

Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other vegetation. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. :Goof ozone” occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earth’s surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun’s harmful rays.

“Bad ozone” is formed in the earth’s lower atmosphere , near ground level, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer, months when the weather conditions needed to form ground-level ozone-lots of sun, hot temperatures-normally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year.

Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezing, coughing, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several moths any cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone trigger a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis.

Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time--particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.

46. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. “Bad zone” comes into existence in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

B. “Good zone” appears in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, near ground level.

C. “Bad zone” only damages crops and other vegetation.

D. Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars,

power plants, and so on.

47. It can be learned from the passage that __________.

A. Urban smog mainly consists of “good ozone”

B. “Bad ozone” protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays

C. Ozone pollution is especially harmful to people’s health in summer

D. The states in the North and Northwest of the U.S may have the longest ozone season

48. What does the word “vulnerable” (Line 16, Pare, 4) most probably mean?

A. Hard to deal with

B. Harmful and dangerous

C. Easy to be hurt or affected

D. Hot in temper and hard to calm down.

49. According to the passage, ground-level ozone causes the fallowing health problem EXCEPT__________.

A.stomach cancer

B. more serious asthma

C. decreased lung capacity

D. pneumonia and bronchitis

50. We can see that the passage is mainly about __________.

A. “good ozone” and its function of protecting people

B. ozone pollution and its effects on people’s health

C. the measures that Southern states of the U.S. Should take against ozone pollution

D. how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollution

参考答案解析

Passage Two

【文章大意】

本文主要讲述了地水准(基态)臭氧的形成和影响。地水准(基态)臭氧分为有利臭氧和有害臭氧。有利臭氧在对流层面形成,能保护地球生物不受有害射线的伤害。有害臭氧是地表污染物形成,极大地影响人类的身体健康,长期户外活动,有呼吸疾病的人容易引起肺炎,肺功能衰竭等疾病。

【答案与解析】

46. D

【解析】细节判断题。定位于第1段和第2段。文中提到,地水

准(基态)臭氧能影响人的健康,也会损害作物和其它蔬菜。

起保护作用的有益臭氧出现在平流层。有害臭氧形成在地表

,是由一些污染物形成的。选项A,B,C说法错误,排除。因

而,选选项D。

47. C

【解析】细节判断题。定位于第2段。文中提到有益臭氧通常

在平流层形成,在地表10到30米处形成一种保护层,能保护

地球上的生物不受有害太阳射线的伤害。选项A和B,说法

错误。选项D,美国的北部和西北部的臭氧季长达一年,并

没有提及是最长的。选项D,说法不准确。因而,选选项C。

48. C

【解析】词意推测题。定位于第3段,第3行。文中提到,长期参

加户外运动的健康人在臭氧水平高时,也很容易受到影响,

而有呼吸病的人就更容易受到影响了。两者存在对比,可以

推测出选项C。

49. A

【解析】细节判断题。定位于第3段。文中提到,甚至在地水准

(基态)臭氧下会引发健康问题,如严重的哮喘,肺功能衰竭

,肺炎及支气管炎。选项B,C,D都是引起的健康问题。选项

A在文中没有提及。

50. B

【解析】主旨大意题。结合文章大意可知,本文主要讲述了臭

氧污染对人类健康的影响及其形成。选项B和C在文中没不

是有提及,排除。选项D不是全文的重点,排除。

【长句难句剖析】

1. “Bad ozone” is formed in the earth’s lower atmosphere , near ground level, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight.

【参考译文】当汽车,发电站,工业锅炉,冶炼厂,化工厂释放的污染物以及其它化学原料在阳光下发生化学反应时,有害臭氧就在地球的临近地表的低层大气中形成。

【分析】句子的框架是“Bad ozone” is formed in the earth’s lower atmosphere。Bad

ozone…是主句部分,When引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中emitte d by…作定语修饰pollutants。React

chemically是“化学地反应”,应该翻译成“发生化学反应”。 in the present of sunlight灵活地反应成“在阳光的作用下,在阳光下”。

2. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone trigger a variety of health problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis.

【参考译文】甚至是在低水平下,基准臭氧也会引起很多健康问题,如加重哮喘疾病,使肺功能衰竭,增加肺炎,支气管炎等呼吸疾病的感染几率。

【分析】句子的框架是ground-level ozone trigger a variety of health problems。at very low

levels作状语。Including…作伴随状语。伴随状语中的动词的过去分词形式,要灵活翻译,可译成对应的动词意思,语言通顺,忠实即可。As thma “哮喘”。lung capacity “肺功能”。 respiratory illnesses

“呼吸疾病”。 pneumonia and bronchitis “肺炎和支气管炎”。

3. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away over time--particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days.

【参考译文】喜欢户外活动的人们也许会发现,在臭氧水平高的地区,他们的初始症状会明显消失——

尤其是持续几天暴露于高浓度的臭氧水平下。

【分析】句子的框架是:People may find that…。Who

引导定语从句修饰people,定语从句中又嵌套where引导的定语从句修饰areas。That引导宾语从句做主句的宾语成分。破折号后是解释说明的部分,有when引导的时间状语从句。翻译时要注意调整句子的语序。运用切分法,将句子分成独立小句。initial symptom

“初始症状”。Go away “消失,离开”。

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