清水六中2015届高三物理周考练测试题一

清水六中2015届高三物理周考练测试题一
清水六中2015届高三物理周考练测试题一

第4题图

清水六中2015届高三物理周考练测试题一

一选择题(每小题6分,共48分。1-5单选;6-8多选)

1、在物理学的重大发现中科学家们创造出了许多物理学方法,如理想实验法、控制变量法、极限思想法、类比法和科学假说法、建立物理模型法等等.以下关于所用物理学研究方法的叙述不正确的是 ( )

A .在不需要考虑物体本身的大小和形状时,用质点来代替物体的方法叫假设法

B .根据速度定义式

t x v ??=

,当t ?非常非常小时,t x

??就可以表示物体在t 时刻

的瞬时速度,该定义应用了极限思想方法

C .在探究加速度、力和质量三者之间的关系时,先保持质量不变研究加速度与力的关系,再保持力不变研究加速度与质量的关系,该实验应用了控制变量法

D .在推导匀变速运动位移公式时,把整个运动过程划分成很多小段,每一小段近似看作匀速直线运动,然后把各小段的位移相加,这里采用了微元法 2、 某航母跑道长200 m ,飞机在航母上滑行的最大加速度为6 m/s2,起飞需要的最低速度为50 m/s.那么,飞机在滑行前,需要借助弹射系统获得的最小初速度为( ) A .5 m/s

B .10 m/s

C .15 m/s

D .20 m/s

3、一物体做匀加速直线运动,通过一段位移Δx 所用的时间为t1,紧接着通过下一段位移Δx 所用的时间为t2,则物体运动的加速度为

( )

A .

)()(2212121t t t t t t x -+? B .)()

-(212121t t t t t t x +?

C .

)()-(2212121t t t t t t x +? D .)

()

(212121t t t t t t x -+?

4、 某同学在实验室做了如图1所示的实验,铁质小球被电磁铁吸附,

断开电磁铁的电源,小球自由下落,已知小球的直径为0.5 cm ,该 同学从计时器上读出小球通过光电门的时间为 1.00×10-3 s ,g 取

10 m/s2,则小球开始下落的位置距光电门的距离为

( )

A .1 m

B .1.25 m

C .0.4 m

D .1.5 m

5、物体做匀变速直线运动的位移—时间图像如图K1-3所示,由图中数据可求出的物理量是( ) A .可求出物体的初速度 B .可求出物体的加速度 C .可求出物体的平均速度 D .可求出物体通过的路程

6.三个质点A 、B 、C 均由N 点沿不同路径运动至M 点,运动轨迹如图所示,三个质点同时从N 点出发,同时到达M 点,下列说法正确的是( ) A .三个质点从N 点到M 点的平均速度相同 B .三个质点任意时刻的速度方向都相同

C .三个质点从N 点出发到任意时刻的平均速度都相同

D .三个质点从N 点到M 点的位移相同

7、从地面上抛一物体A ,同时在离地面某一高度处有一物体B 自由下落,两物体在空中相遇时速率均为v ,则下列说法中正确的是( ) A 、物体A 与B 在空中运动时间相等

B 、A 上抛时的初速度与B 落地时的速度大小相等且均为2v

C 、A 上升的最大高度与B 开始下落时的高度相同

D 、两物体相遇处是物体B 开始下落时高度的中点

8、a 、b 两物体从同一点沿同一方向作直线运动,v-t 图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )

A .当t=5 s 时,a 、b 两物体第一次相遇

B .当t=10 s 时.a 、b 两物体间距最小

C .当t=1 5 s 时,b 物体在a 物体的前面

D .当t=20 s 时,a 、b 两物体第二次相遇

选择题答案

第5题图

第6题图

第8题图

第9题图

二、实验题(每空4分,共16分)

9、如图12所示为一次记录小车运动情况的纸带,图中A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 为相邻的计数点,相邻计数点的时间间隔T =

0.1 s.

图12

(1)在如图13所示的坐标系中作出小车的v -t 图线.

(2)将图线延长与纵轴相交,交点的速度大小是________cm/s ,此速度的物理意义是___________________________________________________. (3)小车的加速度大小是________.

三、分析计算题(共36分)

10.(18分)一辆汽车从静止开始匀加速直线开出,然后保持匀速直线运动,最后做匀减速直线运动,直到停止,下表给出了不同时刻汽车的速度:

(1)汽车做匀速运动时的速度大小是否为12 m/s ?汽车做加速运动时的加速度和减速运动时的加速度大小分别是多少?

(2)汽车从开出到停止共经历的时间是多少? (3)汽车通过的总路程是多少?

题号 答案

时刻/s 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 9.5 10.5 速度/(m ·s -1) 3

6

9

12

12

12

9

3

11、(18分)如图所示,光滑曲面轨道的水平出口跟停在光滑水平面上的平板小车上表面相平,质量为m的小滑块从光滑轨道上某处由静止开始滑下并滑上小车,使得小车在光滑水平面上滑动。已知小滑块从高为H的位置由静止开始滑下,最终停到小车上。若小车的质量为M。g表示重力加速度,求:

(1)滑块滑上小车后,小车达到的最大速度v

(2)若滑块和车之间的动摩擦因数为μ,则车的

长度至少为多少?

参考答案

1、A

2、答案 B 解析 由v2t -v20=2as 得:

v0=v2t -2as =502-2×6×200 m/s =10 m/s.

3、答案 A

4、 答案 B

解析 本题主要考查瞬时速度的含义.小球通过光电门的时间很短,这段时间内的平均速度可看成瞬时速度,v =x t =5 m/s ,由自由落体运动规律可知h =v22g =

1.25 m ,B 正确.

5、C

6、AD

7、BC

8、BD

9、解析 (1)应用vn =

xn +xn +1

2T

,求出计数点B 、C 、D 、E 、F 对应的速度为vB =16.50 cm/s ,vC =21.40 cm/s ,vD =26.30 cm/s ,vE =31.35 cm/s ,vF =36.30 cm/s ,在v -t 坐标系中描点、连线,如图所示.

(2)由图中可以读出,图线与纵轴交点的速度大小为11.60 cm/s ,此速度表示A 点的瞬时速度. (3)利用斜率求加速度a =

Δv

Δt

=0.5 m/s2. 答案 (1)见解析 (2)11.60(11.30~11.60均对) 表示A 点的瞬时速度 (3)0.5 m/s2

10.(1)是 3 m/s 2 6 m/s 2 (2)11 s (3)96 m

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