语法复习十:动词的语气——虚拟语气 16开最新版衡水中学自用精品专题复习资料

语法复习十:动词的语气——虚拟语气 16开最新版衡水中学自用精品专题复习资料
语法复习十:动词的语气——虚拟语气 16开最新版衡水中学自用精品专题复习资料

语法复习十:动词的语气——虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气:语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类:

(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你,我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功!

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice,you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should

(would,could,might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在)

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。

假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话,我就……);I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话,我就会完成……)

6、省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。);If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:在"It is important (strange,natural,necessary)that…"这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“s hould十动词原形”结构,表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法:

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用

were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道);2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉);3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止;I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。

(2)在suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病,他俩去办公室。

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用were)或“h ad十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词多用“could或might(有时也用should)+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢,好让学生听清楚。

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:在"It is time (that) …"句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是"该干某事的时候了"。如: I t’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌,或委婉的语气,常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。

如:May you be happy!祝你快乐!May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学:The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课,授课内容为虚拟语气,授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评,大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习,学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识,复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如:I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等,并学习新的表达形式如:The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是,学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后,要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一,多数学生感到费解,因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用,并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式,有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1.知识与技能 1)复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型: I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式,尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达,特别是主句与从句时态的呈现;还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词,如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3)培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2.过程与方法 1)引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中,开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

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高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

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