主语从句讲解及练习

主语从句讲解及练习
主语从句讲解及练习

主语从句(DDBDB DDDDD ACBDD CCC)

一、概述:在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。

二.主语从句主要有四类:

(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。

例如:That you will win the medal seems unlikely.

That you are so indifferent bothers me.

That she survived the accident is a miracle(奇迹).

(2)用连词whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。

注意:引导主语从句,不能用if,只能用whether。

Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句

在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.

例如:What you need is more practice.

What I want to know is this.

Whatever we do is to serve the people.

注:whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。

要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如:

Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句)

(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. )

Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)

(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be puni shed. )

(4)用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(有含义,在句中作状语。)

例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.

When they will come hasn’t been made public.

三.注意点: it构成的主语从句

(1)由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面,而用代词it作形式主语。

例如:That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

When the plane is to take off has not been announced .

= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.

(但当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语。)

错:It is a book what he wants.

对:What he wants is a book.

(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构

It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that…It is good news that …

It is a question that …It is common knowledge that …

类似的名词还有:a pity;a wonder;a good thing;no wonder;surprise等。

例如:It is a mystery to me how it happened.

It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.

It’s a pity that you missed the film.

It is +形容词+从句

It is necessary that …It is clear that …

It is likely that …很可能……It is important that …

类似的形容词:strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual;certain; evident;worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing惊讶的例如:It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.

It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.

It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.

It is necessary that you (should)master the computer.

需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动原”,即要用虚拟语气。

It is +过去分词+从句

It is said that …据说……It is reported that …据报道……

It has been proved that …已证明……It must be proved that…必须指出……类似的过去分词还有:known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.

例如:It is thought that he is the best player.

It is estimated that the vase(花瓶)is 2000 years old.

It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.

It seems (happened / appears / occurred …)等不及物动词+ that从句,如:

It seems that they will win the game.

It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?

.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!

1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.

A. The estimate

B. The estimated

C. They are estimated

D. It is estimated that

2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.

A. Which

B. Since

C. Although

D. How

3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. However

D. That

4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.

A. For the reason that he is

B. Just because he is

C. The reason of being

D. That he is

5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction,

it could occur elsewhere in the world.

A. which

B. what

C. how

D. it

6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.

A. That occurred to her

B. She occurred that

C. To her that occurred

D. It occurred to her that

7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.

A. which

B. all

C. this

D. what

8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark. A. that B. which C. it D. what

9. _____ or not is still uncertain.

A.He’s coming

B. If he is coming

C.That coming

D.Whether he’s coming

10. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.

A. doubt whether

B. doubtful

C. doubt it

D. doubtful whether

11. ______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet

suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.

A. Whether

B. Till

C. If

D. Unless

12. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.

A. That

B. When

C. What

D. Which

13. _____ is warm sunshine.

A. What do we all need.

B. What all we need

C. What we need

D. What we all need

14. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.

A. What

B. That

C. He

D. It

15. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.

A. Remarkable

B. Quite remarkably

C. It is remarkable that

D. It is remarkable fact that

16. _____ you nominate will be elected.

A. Who

B. Whom

C. Whomever

D. That’s

17. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.

A. What

B. Which

C. Whichever

D. That’s

18. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.

A. Who

B. Which

C. Whichever

D. Anyone

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