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江苏省海安高级中学2017-2018学年高一6月月考化学试题
注意事项：
1．本试卷包括第Ⅰ卷选择题和第Ⅱ卷非选择题两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。2．必须用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置，交卷时只交答题纸。3．可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Si 28 Cl 35.5 I 127 Ba 207
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共40分）
单项选择题：本题包括10小题，每小题2分，共计20分。每小题只有一个
．．．．选项符合题意。
1. 化学与环境、生产、生活等密切相关，下列说法不正确
．．．的是
A. 绿色化学的核心是利用化学原理对环境污染进行治理
B. 阻燃剂Al(OH)3受热分解时吸收能量
C. 利用高纯硅制造的太阳能电池板可将光能直接转化为电能
D. “一带一路”是现代丝绸之路的简称，丝绸的主要成分是蛋白质
【答案】A
【解析】A．因绿色化学的核心是从源头上减少污染物，而不是对环境污染进行治理，选项A不正确；B、氢氧化铝[Al(OH)3]受热易分解，产生水并吸收热量，降低了环境温度，降到了可燃物着火点以下，同时隔绝部分空气，所以可作阻燃剂，选项B正确；C、利用高纯度硅制造的太阳能电池板可将光能直接转化为电能，选项C正确；D、丝绸主要是蚕丝制品，属于蛋白质类纤维，选项D正确。答案选A。
2. 下列有关化学用语表示正确的是
A. 中子数比质子数多1的磷原子：
B. 硫离子的结构示意图：
C. 次氯酸钠的电子式：
D. 淀粉的结构简式：(C6H10O5)n
【答案】C
【解析】A. 中子数比质子数多1的磷原子为，选项A错误；B. 硫离子的结构示意图为：
，选项B错误；C. 次氯酸钠的电子式为：，选项C正确；D. 淀粉的通式为：(C6H10O5)n，选项D错误。答案选C。
3. 下列有关物质的性质与用途具有对应关系的是
A. Na2S具有还原性，可用于去除水体中Hg2+
B. 乙醇具有氧化性，75%乙醇溶液常用于医疗消毒
C. 葡萄糖易溶于水，可用作制镜工业的原料
D. 油脂能在碱性条件下水解，可用于工业上制取肥皂
【答案】D
【解析】A．用Na2S除去废水中的Hg2+，是因为HgS难溶于水，没有有因果关系，选项A 错误；B．乙醇具有还原性，医用酒精为75%（体积分数）的乙醇溶液，可用于杀菌消毒，没有因果关系，选项B错误；C、葡萄糖易溶于水，可用作制镜工业的原料，物质性质与用途不对应，选项C错误；D、利用油脂在碱性条件下的水解反应工业上制取肥皂和甘油，选项D正确；答案选D。
4. 短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W原子序数依次增大。X元素的最高价氧化物对应的水化物与其气态氢化物相遇会有白烟，Y是同周期中原子半径最小的主族元素，Z原子的最外层电子数与最内层电子数相同，W与Y同主族。下列说法正确的是
A. 原子半径：r(X)＜r(Z)＜r(W)
B. X的简单气态氢化物的热稳定性比Y的弱
C. Y分别与X和Z形成的化合物所含化学键类型相同
D. W的氧化物的水化物一定是强酸
【答案】B
点睛：本题考查结构性质位置关系应用，推断元素是解题关键，注意对元素周期律与元素化合物性质掌握。短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W原子序数依次增大。X元素的最高价氧化物对应的水化物与其气态氢化物相遇会有白烟，则X为氮元素，Y是同周期中原子半径最小
的主族元素，则Y为F元素，Z原子的最外层电子数与最内层电子数相同，则Z为镁元素，W与Y同主族，则W为氯元素，据此分析。
5. 在给定条件下，下列选项中所示的物质间转化均能实现的是
A. Al(OH)3AlCl3(aq)Al
B. AgNO3(aq)[Ag(NH3)2]OH(aq)Ag
C. 淀粉溶液葡萄糖Cu2O
D. 石油C2H4
【答案】D
【解析】A．AlCl3为共价化合物，无法通过电解得到铝，选项A错误；B．蔗糖不含醛基，不能与银氨溶液反应，无法得到银镜，选项B错误；C．淀粉在稀硫酸溶液中水解后得到葡萄糖溶液呈酸性，直接加入氢氧化铜悬浊液且加热无法产生砖红色沉淀氧化亚铜，选项C
错误；D．石油在高温条件下发生裂解得到乙烯，乙烯在催化剂作用下发生加聚反应生成聚乙烯，物质间转化均能实现，选项D正确；答案选D。
6. 下列实验方案不能
．．达到目的的是
A. 用裂化汽油萃取碘水中的碘
B. 用水鉴别苯、四氯化碳、乙醇三种无色液体
C. 用如图装置验证Na和水反应是否为放热反应
D. 往酸性KMnO4溶液中加入乙醇，验证乙醇的还原性
【答案】A
【解析】A、因为裂化汽油中含有不饱和分子,如烯烃等,会和碘发生加成反应, 不能用裂化汽油萃取碘水中的碘，选项A选；B、碘易溶于苯和四氯化碳，苯的密度比水小，有颜色的液体在上层，四氯化碳的密度比水大，有颜色液体在下层，碘水与乙醇互溶，液体不分层，选项B不选；C、放热，气体热胀冷缩，图U型管中水柱左高右低，说明反应放热，选项C 不选；D、因高锰酸钾具有强氧化性，则往酸性KMnO4溶液中加入乙醇，溶液褪色，验证
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