英语专业八级改错翻译真题(含答案)大全

英语专业八级改错翻译真题(含答案)大全
英语专业八级改错翻译真题(含答案)大全

EXERCISE ONE

2006年

一.Proof reading.

We use language primarily as a means of communication with

other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we

live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively

and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he grows

old as a result of education and experience. 6______ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system

remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless

he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a

concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our

vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9______ among most striking of human achievements. 10_______

二.English to Chinese.

I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal ofthe most grievous kind. We have before us many,many months of struggle and suffering. You ask,what is our aim?I can answer in one word,it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spiteof all terrors——victory,however long and hard the road may be,for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized,no survival for the British Empire,no survival for all that British Empire has stood for ,no survival for the urge,the impulse of the ages,that mankind shall more forward toward his goal.

I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture,at this time,to claim the aid of all and to say,―Come then,let us go forward together with our unitedstrength.‖

三.Chinese to English.

中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小:因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此欲望也小的多。何况中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

2006年答案

1. 答案:agreeing – agreed

2. 答案:∧words – these

3. 答案:in his disposal – at his disposal.

4. 答案:enables – enable

5. 答案:the other English speakers – other English speakers

6. 答案:old – older

7. 答案:seen – understood

8. 答案:删去it

9. 答案:And – But/Yet/However/Nevertheless

10. 答案:most – the most

我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验,我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来概括,那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利,不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利,不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利,因为没有胜利纠无法生存!我们必须意识到,没有胜利就没有大英帝国,没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切,没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动:人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻,我的精神振奋,满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信,只要我们大家联合,我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际,我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁:―来吧,让我们群策努力,并肩迈进!‖

Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times,whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts,but not as an absolute dominant ruler. Therefore,our bitterness and depression are basically less than those of westerners,because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one's desire and ambition. People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society,thus their wants are far less either. Besides,ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material,not driven by material" as the major philosophy.

EXERCISE TWO

2007年

一.Proof reading.

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can

make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1 records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote

tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries 5 than we find in English. It is true that the absence

of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6 other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.

People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7 such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen

and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,

serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8 between these noises and language proper. We may

say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement

are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9 whereas language proper does not consist of signs

but of these that have to be learnt and that are10 wholly conventional.

二.English to Chinese.

But ,as has been true in many other cases,when they were at last married,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical . instead of hacing shared their original duties,and as schol –boys would say,going halves,they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.This led to some distressing moments for both our friends;they understood suddenlu that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth,and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before,they had assumed new responsibilities;they had established a new household,and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement;they had been longing to have each other to themselves,apart from the world,but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.

三.Chinese to English.

我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,谁都是有苗圃之地的,这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发,人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别,除了众所周知的诸多方面,恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器,而内心世界是一种景观,它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损,以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

2007年答案

1. 答案:and – or

2. 答案:show后面添加that或把show改成showing

3. 答案:删去the

4. 答案:and – but/whereas/while

5. 答案:large – larger

6. 答案:in – on

7. 答案:return – in response/reaction/answer

8. 答案:删去on

9. 答案:增加a

10. 答案:these – those

参考答案:但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样,当他们最终结婚后,发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任——正如那些学生们所说"一半一半",相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上,而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福,因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭,那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光,曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界,然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。

参考答案:I think everyone,in effect,has a small garden or a flower bed of his own,namely,our inner world. There is a need for human beings to tap into their own intelligence,as is the case with their inner world. What distinguishes between human beings and animals,apart from the various aspects which are universally known,may probably be in that human beings have an inner world. Heart is no more than an important organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape,which gradually takes its shape under the continuous influence from the outside world. So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones,that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.

EXERCISE THREE

一.Proof reading.

2008年

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent 1 part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2 a given language to show that they are distinctive from another 3 race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States 4 split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5 different language from those of Britain. There was even one 6 proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured

the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7 and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone 8 knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before. 9 Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world 10 that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.

二.English to Chinese.

But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of ha ving shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they dis covered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Ins tead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilitie s; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the o bligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been lo nging to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.

三.Chinese to English.

都市寸土千金,地价炒得越来越高,今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望,对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望,一种梦想。

我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发,人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别,除了众所周知的诸多方面,恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器,而内心世界是一种景观,它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的渐损,以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

2008年答案

1. 答案:in result--- in consequence

2. 答案:moves---movements

3. 答案:distinctive---distinct/different

4. 答案:time ∧ --- when

5. 答案:accepted--- acknowledged/confirmed/realized

6. 答案:those---that

7. 答案:删去on

8. 答案:At---In

9. 答案:carry ∧ with --- on

10. 答案:Since---For

In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. People’s int elligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between peo ple and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The h eart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took s hape under the constant

influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so concerned about the heal th of the hearts of their loved ones as well as his that a slight disease would cause grea t anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their loved ones.

参考译文:但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样,当他们最终结婚后,发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说"一半一半",相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上,而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福,因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭,那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光,曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界,然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。

EXERCISE FOUR

一.Proof reading.

2009年

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_____ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

It may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____ it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age

between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over

and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____ original wording.

二.English to Chinese.

We,the human species,are confronting a planetary emergency – a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well:we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst – though not all – of its consequences,if we act boldly,decisively and quickly. However,despite a growing number of honorable exceptions,too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat:"They go on in strange paradox,decided only to be undecided,resolved to be irresolute,adamant for drift,solid for fluidity,all powerful to be impotent." So today,we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet,as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow,we will dump a slightly larger amount,with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.

三.Chinese to Englsh.

手机改变了人与人之间的关系。通常有注意到会议室的门上的告示,写着―关闭手机。‖然而,会议室仍然充满着铃声。我们都是普通人,没有很多重要的事情。但是,我们也不愿轻易关闭手机。打开手机象征着我们与世界的联系。手机反映出我们的社交饥渴。我们经常看到,一个人走着走着,就突然停下来了,眼睛盯着他的手机,不管他在那里,无论是在道路中心或旁边有厕所。

2009年答案

1. 答案:the further--- a further

2. 答案:when---until

3. 答案:their---his

4. 答案:something---anything

5. 答案:therefore---however/nevertheless/yet

6. 答案:删掉in the general中的the

7. 答案:currently---current

8. 答案:over and over ∧--- again

9. 答案:live --- alive

10. 答案:删掉to let alone中的to

我们人类,正面临全球性的危机,我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策,而灾难却在扩大,形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜的消息:如果行动大胆果断,反应迅速,我们有能力解决这场危机,避免其向最坏的方向发展。但是,时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿?丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫?希特勒的名言来形容,―它们在奇怪的悖论中前行,仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决,有了决心却拖泥带水,信心犹疑不定,见解随波逐流,掌权者虚弱无力。‖

而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体,把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉,堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。

Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room,which reads "close your handset." However,the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and has few urgencies to do. Still,we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our "thirst for socialization." We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone,disregard of his location,whether in road center or beside restroom.

EXERCISE FIVE

一.Proof reading.

2010年

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_____________ the things their speakers want to say. 2_____________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_____________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all

groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or

psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about

snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_____________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those

sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and

subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6_____________ in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is

simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7____________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which

Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_____________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language

could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture

or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________

二.English to Chinese.

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday,and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing,as it seemed to me,at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation,but exalted,as was usual,and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains,and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height,and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen,excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves,and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved,just as I had really seen them,a little before sunrise,in the same summer when that child died.

三.Chinese to English.

朋友之间,情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交,反之,则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密,也不能随便过头、不恭不敬,这样,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关系将不复存在。

每个人都希望拥有自己的一片私密空间,朋友之间过于随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔阂。待友不敬,有时或许只是一件小事,却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节,互不干涉。

2010年答案

1 be后插入as; as…as引导的比较级

2 their改为its; its代替every language

3 There改为It; It此处作为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式

4 Whereas改为But ;语境需要表示转折的连词,whereas表示对比

5 further 改为much further不能修饰比较级

6 come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to light

bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷

7 similar改为different; 根据语境应该用different

8 will改为would; 虚拟语气

9 as important去掉as;

10 the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语

我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节,一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色,从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底,可是梦里的感觉往往如此,由于梦幻的力量,这番景象显得超凡出尘,一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同,其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷;不过群山挺然参天,高于阿尔卑斯峰,诸山相距空旷,丰草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里,牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息,好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情,那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻,那孩子死去了,我如同当年那样望着牛群。For the relationship between friends,similar habits and tempers help to make it closer;on the other hand,opposite ones leave distance from each other. No matter how familiar and intimate the friends are,the relationship should be treated carefully and respect should be treasured for friends. Otherwise,the partnership and balance would be broken,as a result,a good relationship would no longer exist. Everyone has a desire for his own personal space,which could be easily invaded if the attitude between friends is too free. Then conflicts appear,causing barriers. Although it seems a small case of not respecting friends,harmful seeds may be sowed to ruin the relationship. In a word,the best way to keep positive friendship is associating with temperate manners and without too much interference.

EXERCISE SIX

一.Proof reading.

2011年

From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew

that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so

with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2_______ soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3________ I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4________ on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For

this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed

disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5__________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and

holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________ the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________ being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words

and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________ a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________ in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________ intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and

boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first

poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.

二.English to Chinese.

When flying over Nepal, it's easy to soar in your imagination and pretend you're tiny-a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge.

Nepails a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond.

Three were few roads visible below, mosttransportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was no a flight to the local airport.

三.Chinese to English.

现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是,面对重重矛盾,许多时候你别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中,人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭,有时也说不清自己到底是―休闲着‖还是―忙碌着‖。譬如说,当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期,却忽然接到老板的电话,搞恶我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无。接下来的休闲只能徒有其表,因为心里已是火烧火燎了。

2011年答案

1,在grow后加up, 考固定短语

2,改consience为consciousness 考词语区别,consience翻译为―良心,道德心‖, consiousness 翻译为―意识‖

3,改soon为sooner,sooner or later是固定短语

4,在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位

5,改disagreeing 为disagreeable ,disagreeing只能作动名词,不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯

6,改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别imaginative翻译为―有想象力的‖,imaginary 翻译为―想象的,虚构的‖

7,改literal 为literary , 考词义区别,literal翻译为―字面的‖,literary 翻译为―文学方面的‖8,去掉face后的in,face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法

9,在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句

10,改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。

参考译文:

当飞机飞越尼泊尔的上空,你的想象力很容易开始翱翔,你很小,就像一只小蝴蝶,飞在一幅三维的建筑地形图上,那些环绕着每个高脊的梯田就像图中环形的等高线。

尼泊尔是一个小国,我们的飞机东向平稳飞行,从一万两千英尺的高空向下看,透过左侧的窗户,可以清楚看见下方三十英里处笼罩着雄伟喜马拉雅山的那白色的神奇海市蜃楼。

转向右侧的窗口,看到的是三、四级高的层层梯田,可不一会它们就被印度境内的广阔平原所代替了。

下方清晰可见极少的几条路。在尼泊尔最主要的出行方式是步行,尼泊尔人在纵横连接国家的条条古道上留下了足印。除此以外,这个国家还有空中网络,虽然机场简易且灰多,但对我来说,确是非常地幸运,因为我没花上两个个半星期的时间,通过陆路,艰苦跋涉到达目的地。我当时在去当地机场的飞机上。

Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are ―at ease‖ or ―in a rush‖.

For example, we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work----so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features---and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and

EXERCISE SEVEN

一.Proof reading.

2012年

The central problem of translating has always been whether

to translate literally or freely. The argument

has been going since at least the first (1) _____ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers

favoured certain kind of ―free‖ translation: the spirit, not the letter; the(2) ____ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) ____ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) ____ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) ____ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) extreme ―literalists‖ Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.

The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the

nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too

often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with

each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10)

二.English to Chinese.

But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus v iolence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the w atchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,就把等保安人员)

(not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanct uary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their beha vior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been q uite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contrab and(违禁

品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altern atives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternative s are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.

三.Chinese to English.

痛苦纠聚心中,眉心发烫发热,胸口郁闷难展,胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时,她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步,这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗,窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧,这里有善心的神父和修女,这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心,这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密,她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。

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