初二英语上学期重点语法!

初二英语上学期重点语法!
初二英语上学期重点语法!

初二上学期重点语法

撰稿:周可勇编审:张敏责编:白雪雁一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

在表示比较的时候,会出现三种情况:同级比较,比较级和最高级。

同级比较的结构是:as...as...,意思是“……和……一样”。

例如:

He is as tall as his father.

他和他的父亲一样高。

He gets up as early as Tom every day.

他每天和汤姆起得一样早。

Special tips:

as...as... 的中间要用形容词或副词的原形。

这个句子结构的否定形式表达的意思是“……不如后者……”。

例如:

The pen is not as dear as that one.

这支钢笔没有那支贵。

比较级的结构是:...than...,意思是“……比……更”。

例如:

Today is colder than yesterday.

今天比昨天冷。

Cars run faster than bikes.

汽车比自行车跑得快。

Special tips:

(一) 在指代两者当中的某个特征更明显的对象时,可以用the来特定化。

例如:

He is the taller of the twins.

他是双胞胎中比较高的那个。

(二) 某个形容词或副词的比较级形式可以通过and连接起来,表示“越来越……”。

例如:

It becomes older and older.

它变得越来越老。

He walks more and more quickly.

他走得越来越快。

(三) the + 某一形容词或副词的比较级 + the + 某一形容词或副词的比较级,表示“越……,

就越……”。

例如:

The more exercise you do,the healthier you will be.

锻炼得越多,你就越健康。

The warmer it gets,the more people you can see in the street.

天越暖和,你就会在街上看到越多的人。

(四) 固定结构like...better than...表示的意思是指“与……(后者)相比较更喜欢……(前者)”。

例如:

I like ice water better than coke.

与可乐相比我更喜欢冰水。

最高级表示在某个范围内(不少于三个对象)某个对象具有最突出的特征,它常和among,in,of连用。

例如:

He works the most carefully among his classmates.

在他的同学当中他干活最细心。

The red one is the best of all.

红色的是最好的。

二.一般过去时态

一般过去时态表示在过去某个时间发生的事情或动作,强调与现在的对比。我们需要把动词变成过去式。变成否定形式时,只需在动词前加一个didn’t,然后把动词变成原形就可以了。

例如:

He left 4 hours ago.

他在四个钟头前离开了。

He didn’t know how to say it in English.

他不知道它用英语怎么说。

Special tips:

我们需要特别留意不规则动词的过去式形式。

三.一般将来时态

一般将来时态表示的是将要发生或打算要做的事情。结构有二种:

1. 主语+be going to + 动词原形

例如:

He is going to travel to Xinjiang.

他要去新疆旅游。

Special tips:

going,leaving,coming的现在进行时态就可以表示将来。

例如:

They’re coming.

他们要来了。

2. 主语+will+动词原形

例如:

We’ll be here an hour later.

我们一个钟头后到。

四.反意疑问句

反意疑问句的规则是,“前否定后肯定,前肯定后否定”。我们要把握的是表示否定的词(如little,few,never,no one,nothing,nobody,hardly等)出现在前半句的时候,后面也要用肯定形式。

例如:

Few people know the story,do they?

He never saw the film before,did he?

五.感叹句

how引导的感叹句的完整结构是:

How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + !

例如:

How carefully he drives!

他驾驶得多谨慎小心啊!

How exciting the news is!

这个消息多么激动人心啊!

what引导的感叹句的完整结构是:

What + a / an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + !

例如:

What an exciting news it is!

多么激动人心的消息啊!

Special tips:

判断用how还是用what引导感叹句,要看完整的句子去掉后面的主谓短语后的情况。如果去掉主谓短语后结尾词是名词,就要用what引导这个感叹句。如果去掉主谓短语后结尾词是形容词或副词,就要用how引导这个感叹句。

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