经典语法合集:第四节句型

经典语法合集:第四节句型
经典语法合集:第四节句型

经典语法合集:第四节句型

【教学内容】(弘利教育)

1、了解汉语句型的划分标准和汉语句型的概况。

2、掌握几种主要句型的特点和构成,能够判断和辨析汉语的常见句型。

【知识点及考核】

1、基本概念

句型主谓句名词谓语句动词谓语句形容词谓语句主谓谓语句动词性非主谓句形容词性非主谓句名词性非主谓句叹词句“把”字句“被”字句连谓句双宾句兼语句存现句“是”字句常规句特殊句变式句省略句

2、领会掌握常见句型的语法特点和构成、句型的辨析

【教学建议】

一、重点:

2、主谓谓语句中大主语与小主语的语义关系

3、“把”字句、“被”字句、双宾句、兼语句中谓语动词的特点

4、连谓句中前后谓词性成分的语义关系

5、兼语句与主谓短语作宾语句子的区别

6、“是”字句中主语和宾语之间的语义关系

二、难点:

1、动词、形容词单独作谓语的条件限制

2、连谓句中前后谓词性成分的语义关系

3、“是”字句中主语和宾语之间的语义关系

4、形容词谓语句中性质形容词和状态形容词作谓语的差异

5、“把”字句与“被”字句的变换

6、存现句中静态存在句与动态存在句的辨析

(一)什么是句型?

根据结构关系对句子划分出来的类型是句子类型简称句型。

任何一种语言中的句子的数目都是无限的,但是句子的类型却是有限的。句型是从众多的具体句子中抽象出来的结构模式。

句型是语法研究和句子理解的重要内容。语法研究的主要任务之一是研究句子构造和运用的规律,建立句型系统。句子理解、句法分析,对词、短语等语法单位以及句子成分的分析,关键之一也是为了确定句子的类型。

(二)汉语句型概况

按照结构关系,可以把现代汉语的单句分为主谓句和非主谓句两大类型。

同时含有主语和谓语的句子叫做主谓句,分不出主语和谓语的句子叫做非主谓句。

1、根据谓语的性质可以把主谓句分为:

英语语法的五种基本句型

教学目标: 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型; 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型; 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句; 教学重点与难点: 1.五种句型的分析与理解; 2.句型4(主+动+宾+补)与句型5(主+动+宾+宾)的掌握与比较; 教学方法: 1.ppt演示; 课堂练习: 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子,并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业: 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子

导入主题:我们现在能用英语写简单的作文,也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通,可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗?那这些句型分别是什么? (让学生自由思考、讨论,引出今天的课题,英语学习中的五种基本句型)1.Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua? 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).

经典英语语法讲解解析

三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法,即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法,即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示:1、每个词都有词性;2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词);3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说,就是,标出句中每一个单词的词性,找出句中所有动词,并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解,掌握,运用好这句话,按照一:词性;二:动词种类;三:动词相对应的句子成分;四:从句;五:非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功能,可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 (red)(one)(a/the)(my)wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one

五种句型、七大语法、八大时态

1)五种句型 1.基本句型一: S V (主+谓) 2.基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表) 3.基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 4.基本句型四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 5.基本句型五; S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 2)八大时态 一、一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S) 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时:

英语语法短语及句型整理汇总

巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别:in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过(做)...(方式)做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束(做).... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成(做)... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束(告终) e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...(上)犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ? 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7814357738.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里(常用于现在完成时) e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.

100句经典句型攻克英语语法04

100句经典句型攻克语法04 1.Success is not measured by the position you reach in life; it’s measured by the obstacles you overcome. 成功不是用你一生的地位来衡量的,而是看你克服了多少障碍。(一般现在时的被动语态。定语从句) 2.It is in your moments of decision that your destiny is shaped. 人生就注定于你做决定的那一刻。(强调句型) 3.The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed. 不致失败的最可靠的方法就是决心成功。(不定式作定语、表语和宾语) 4.What would life be if we had no courage to attempt anything? 如果我 们对任何事情都没有勇气尝试,人生还有什么意义?(虚拟语气条件句。不定式作定语) 5.The world belongs to the energetic. 世界属于充满活力的人。(“the + 形容词”表一类人) 6.Early to bed and early to rise keeps a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起让人健康、富足和智慧。(两个不定式并列作主语,形容词宾补) 7.The human will can be strengthened like a muscle. 人类的意志可以像肌肉一样增强。(情态动词被动语态) 8.Only a fool criticizes what he does not understand. 只有傻瓜才会批评他不懂得事。(宾语从句)

最新初中英语语法梳理和重点句型

名词 含义:表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词―the‖,但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且意思上也有了变化。 Eg:beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒 work--- a work 工厂,著作 glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯 room空间---a room一个房间 二、名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加―a或an‖;复数形式是在名词后加―-s或-es‖。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种 1 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母

eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice ②单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, ③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers 注: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc; 有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths , physics, politics, news 3. 不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法: (1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物, time 时间--- times 时代,green 绿色---greens 青菜 (2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship --- hardships 艰苦 (3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+‘s;另一种是用of, 表示―……的‖。 1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾加‘s。eg. Mr. Mott‘s robot, children‘s clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾加‘ 。eg. teachers‘ books (3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+‘s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面加‘s。eg. Lucy and Lily‘s room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Green‘s and Mrs Brown‘s son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctor‘s (office) Mr. White‘s 2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom,a picture of the bedroom, (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4)双重所有格eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom‘s (5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加‘s来构成所有 格。 eg. ten minutes‘ walk, today‘s newspaper 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. They got much _____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C. 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填

经典英语语法100句

1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语:介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of:代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语,“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标,并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到,人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]

(完整版)英语的五大基本句型

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